共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
非圆齿轮-连杆组合传动式蔬菜钵苗移栽机构设计 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
针对现有的单行星架轮系机构无法实现取栽一体式蔬菜移栽机构所需的作业轨迹和姿态问题,该文基于曲柄摇杆机构的变速摆动和非圆齿轮的不等速传动特性相结合的思想,提出一种双行星架非圆齿轮与连杆机构组合传动的取栽一体式蔬菜钵苗移栽机构。该机构的副行星架相对主行星架作变速摆动,移栽臂相对副行星架作回转运动。采用三次非均匀B样条拟合非圆齿轮节曲线建立移栽机构运动学模型。结合西芹移栽株距220 mm、苗高100～150 mm和穴钵深度40 mm的移栽农艺要求,优选出一组适合西芹钵苗取栽一体作业的尖嘴形轨迹和姿态。轨迹取苗段长度33 mm,植苗点距离行星架壳体运动最低点距地面高度55 mm,取苗角23°,取苗过程变化角16°,推苗角65°,轨迹整体高度355 mm,动轨迹环口高度125 mm。通过对比分析仿真轨迹、试验轨迹与理论分析的轨迹基本一致,验证了移栽机构作业轨迹的正确性和设计方案的可行性,该研究可为实现兼顾轨迹高度、取苗深度和作业姿态的取栽一体式蔬菜钵苗移栽机构设计提供技术参考。 相似文献
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夹茎式番茄钵苗取苗机构设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为避免取苗机构在夹取钵苗过程中对钵体与根系造成损伤,该研究针对夹茎取苗方式,提出一种基于二阶椭圆齿轮行星轮系以及凸轮摆杆机构的夹茎式番茄钵苗取苗机构。依据二阶椭圆齿轮传动特性与机构工作原理,建立机构运动学理论模型,并对凸轮轮廓曲线进行设计,结合番茄钵苗取苗作业要求及机构特点,基于MATLAB软件开发机构分析软件对机构参数进行优化,并进一步分析优化后取苗轨迹与凸轮各工作段的对应位置关系,建立了夹茎式取苗机构虚拟样机模型,利用ADAMS软件对取苗机构运动过程进行仿真分析,验证机构参数优化结果及零部件结构设计的准确性与合理性。试制取苗机构物理样机开展高速摄影试验,通过对比分析实际工作轨迹与理论分析及仿真轨迹的一致性,验证了取苗机构设计的正确性。搭建自动取苗试验台进行取苗试验。试验结果表明,取苗机构工作性能可靠、稳定,取苗频率为80株/min时,取苗成功率为92%,投苗成功率为94.2%,伤苗率为2.9%。研究结果可为番茄钵苗全自动移栽机自动取苗机构的研发提供参考。 相似文献
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水稻钵苗“D形”静轨迹移栽机构逆向设计与分析 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0
通过对夹取式水稻钵苗移栽作业农艺要求的分析,得出具有"D形"静轨迹的取苗爪更便于从秧箱中夹取水稻钵苗进行移栽。为了实现"D形"静轨迹,采用封闭节曲线拟合技术,通过给定型值点确定机构作业要求的运动轨迹,建立机构逆运动学模型,求解出非圆齿轮非匀速传动比函数,从而设计出非圆齿轮节曲线。计算实例验证了该逆向设计方法的可行性,通过该方法可方便获得更为复杂要求的运动规律,实现轨迹的再现和取苗段姿态的控制,可为移栽机的设计提供一种新方法。 相似文献
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为了分析该文提出的钵苗移栽机椭圆齿轮行星系植苗机构的作业性能,建立了该机构的运动学模型,推导了栽植嘴的(角)位移、(角)速度和(角)加速度方程。在此基础上,采用Visual Basic 6.0编写了该机构的运动学仿真与优化软件,并利用该软件分析几个主要参数对该机构作业性能的影响,这些主要参数包括椭圆齿轮长半轴、椭圆齿轮短长轴之比、行星架初始安装角和株距,作业性能包括穴口大小、栽植嘴的轨迹姿态及其直立性和机构作业的稳定性等。由参数影响分析结果,得到一组较优的机构参数,其对应的栽植嘴轨迹和姿态等作业性能满足蔬菜钵苗移栽农艺要求,且与往复式的植苗机构相比具有较小的速度和加速度波动。 相似文献
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随着机械化栽植速度的提高,为避免在栽植过程中,钵苗在栽植机构的栽植嘴内运动时间过长而无法及时落入苗沟或穴坑造成栽植失败,并对下一循环的栽植产生不利影响,该文将钵苗相对栽植嘴的运动分为与栽植嘴壁面碰撞、平面运动和沿栽植嘴壁面下滑3个阶段,分别建立了各阶段钵苗的运动微分方程。选择穴盘规格为128孔、苗龄为2~3片真叶、土钵含水率63%左右的西兰花钵苗,利用所建立的钵苗运动微分方程计算得到了变形椭圆齿轮行星轮系栽植机构作业时钵苗与栽植嘴之间的相对运动、相互作用力和钵苗从进入到离开栽植嘴的时间。利用高速摄影及其视频处理技术对钵苗在变形椭圆齿轮行星轮系栽植机构栽植嘴中的运动进行了试验研究,得到的钵苗从进入到离开栽植嘴时间与理论分析基本吻合,可见模型的建立及其计算是正确的。同时分析得到当投苗时钵苗轴线与水平面夹角为55°、质心速度为1.5 m/s、质心速度与水平面夹角为68°时,此栽植机构在速度小于147 r/min时钵苗能顺利落入穴坑,为栽植机构的最高转速设计提供了依据。 相似文献
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单自由度传动机构实现复杂轨迹和姿态要求是机构设计难点,该文针对穴盘苗取苗机构运动要求开展非圆齿轮行星轮系传动机构的逆向设计研究,提出基于输出构件相对转角单调性的机构可再现轨迹判定准则,对于给定的预期轨迹,通过相对转角曲线的单调性判断非圆齿轮行星轮系传动的适用性;在预期轨迹的规划上研究轨迹关键点的设置方法以利于非圆齿轮的传动比设计,给出在满足机构工作轨迹和姿态要求下轨迹型值点的确定流程,编写机构的设计软件确定一组机构参数,通过ADAMS进行了机构仿真验证。研究结果表明,轨迹与送钵装置最小距离为21 mm,取苗尖嘴宽度为2.07 mm,尖嘴倾角为136.4°,取苗臂在入钵段摆角为24.3°,出钵段摆角为3.6°,投苗角为76°,齿轮模数为2.53 mm,轨迹高度为285 mm,轨迹最低位置与行星架最低点距离为34 mm,单级非圆齿轮最大传动比降为1.81,该研究为非圆齿轮行星轮系传动的设计提供了参考。 相似文献
7.
椭圆齿轮行星轮系蔬菜钵苗取苗机构的参数优化与试验 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为了得到一种结构简单且具有较高效率的蔬菜钵苗取苗机构,该文在分析国内外多种取苗机构的特点后,提出一种由5个全等椭圆齿轮组成行星轮系的新型取苗机构。根据取苗机构的设计要求,分析了该取苗机构的机构组成、工作原理以及运动学数学模型。进而开发该机构的计算机辅助分析与优化软件,基于该软件分析了机构参数变化对取苗轨迹和取苗臂姿态的影响,确定了取苗机构的优化参数。基于优化所得参数对取苗机构进行三维建模与仿真,研制样机并进行取苗试验,试验结果表明,该取苗机构运转顺畅,取苗成功率95%,满足机械自动取苗的工作要求,验证了取苗机构设计的正确性及可行性。该研究结果为自动移栽机核心工作部件的研发提供参考。 相似文献
8.
通过分析国内外水稻钵苗移栽机的缺点与不足,根据水稻钵苗移栽机的特征与优点,提出一种以椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮为传动机构的旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构,使水稻移栽达到高产高效率的移栽水平。首先,在分析该移栽机构工作原理的基础上,建立了椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮机构的运动学模型。然后基于Visual Basic6.0可视化编程软件,开发了椭圆－不完全非圆齿轮行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构的辅助分析与优化软件。最后,通过分析各参数对移栽轨迹的影响,利用人机交互的优化方法,得到了一组较优的符合水稻钵苗移栽要求的结构参数,该研究可为旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构的设计提供参考。 相似文献
9.
旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构的机理分析与参数优化 总被引：9，自引：9，他引：0
通过分析国内外水稻钵苗移栽机的缺点与不足,根据水稻钵苗移栽机的特征与优点,提出一种以椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮为传动机构的旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构,使水稻移栽达到高产高效率的移栽水平。首先,在分析该移栽机构工作原理的基础上,建立了椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮机构的运动学模型。然后基于Visual Basic 6.0可视化编程软件,开发了椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构的辅助分析与优化软件。最后,通过分析各参数对移栽轨迹的影响,利用人机交互的优化方法,得到了一组较优的符合水稻钵苗移栽要求的结构参数,该研究可为旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构的设计提供参考。 相似文献
10.
通过对穴盘苗进行抗压特性试验、试验平台的夹取试验,研究分析了适于夹取式自动取苗机构工作的相关参数组合以及最佳的钵苗含水率状况,为机构设计提供参考依据。该文基于辣椒穴盘苗抗压特性设计了全自动蔬菜移栽机曲柄摆杆式穴盘苗夹苗机构,该机构可与顶出机构配合完成全自动蔬菜移栽取苗和投苗工作。该文完成了曲柄摆杆式夹苗机构主要结构的设计,并对曲柄摆杆式夹苗机构的工作过程进行了力学、运动学分析和仿真,确定了结构和工作参数,即曲柄、连杆、摆杆长度分别为80、236.22、172.5 mm,夹苗爪具有较好的运动特性。曲柄摆杆式夹苗机构性能试验结果表明,夹取爪为金属材质,弹簧劲度系数为90 N/m,钵苗脱落率为0,钵苗破碎率为4.2%,综合取苗成功率可达95.8%,性能指标符合设计要求,夹苗爪"V"形结构设计有效防止穴盘苗在夹取过程中脱落,保证了取苗成功率。试验表明钵苗含水率为60.8%时,钵苗在不同的弹簧劲度系数及夹取爪材质下均有良好的适应性,在该含水率下钵苗的取苗平均成功率为94.4%。该机构从取苗到投苗采用圆弧形工作轨迹,夹苗爪采用八字形轨道与复位弹簧控制其开合,结构简单、性能可靠,无需调整即可适应多种不同尺寸穴盘苗的取苗工作,对不同含水率穴盘苗适应性强,对穴盘苗损伤小,机构成套使用可达到较高工作效率。 相似文献
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椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构推秧装置的动力学模型的建立及验证 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
为了建立高速水稻插秧机椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构的动力学模型，必须分析推秧装置对该机构的作用。该文采用作者推导的解析形式刚体复合运动微分方程对该机构的推秧装置进行动力学分析，推导出推秧装置的动力学模型。通过编程计算得到：①推秧和碰撞过程行星架转角与拨叉转角及推秧杆位置的关系，并由高速录像验证；②在推秧和碰撞过程拨叉转动中心受力、推秧杆对栽植臂作用力和弹簧作用力与行星架转角的关系，为分析整个分插机构的动力学特性奠定基础。 相似文献
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研究在农业信息化中确保重要农业信息在网上传输的安全性。利用有限域上的椭圆曲线可以实现公开密钥加密体制，并且在满足安全性要求的前提下可使用较短的密钥。信息隐藏将秘密消息隐藏在载体信息中，使得无法觉察出秘密消息的存在。利用24位BMP可以实现高效率信息隐藏。结合加密和信息隐藏技术，提出将重要农业信息先用椭圆曲线公钥体制加密，再将密文隐藏于BMP图像中在Internet上进行传输，实现了对重要农业信息传输的双重安全保护，确保了重要农业信息在网上传输的安全性。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献