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为分析小麦品种抗倒春寒能力与其柱头活力及花粉活性间的关联性,以5个黄淮麦区主导小麦品种为试验材料,杂交时互为母本和父本,去雄后1、3、5、7、9天进行饱和授粉,成熟收获后统计各杂交组合的杂交结实率,以各品种作为母本、父本时的平均杂交结实率分别代表该品种柱头活力及花粉活性。试验结果表明：当5个小麦品种为母本时：平均杂交结实率由高到低依次是‘周麦18’、‘百农207’、‘西农979’、‘良星99’和‘偃师4110’,‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率最高为72.13%,柱头活力最强;‘百农207’的平均杂交结实率居第2位,与‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率差异不显著;‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率与‘西农979’、‘良星99’和‘偃师4110’的平均杂交结实率差异达极显著水平。当5个小麦品种为父本时：平均杂交结实率由高到低依次是‘百农207’、‘周麦18’、‘偃师4110’、‘西农979’和‘良星99’,‘百农207’的平均杂交结实率最高为72.00%,花粉活性最强;‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率居第2位,与‘百农207’的平均杂交结实率差异不显著;‘百农207’、‘周麦18’的平均杂交结实率与‘偃师4110’、‘西农979’和‘良星99’的平均杂交结实率差异达极显著水平。 相似文献
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选用了42个普通小麦品种、9个品种间杂种 F1和一个 F2作母本,分别与苏联球茎大麦和匈牙利球茎大麦及其不同株系杂交,其中的部分品种还同黑麦进行了杂交,以研究小麦与球茎大麦的可杂交性及其遗传规律。结果表明,小麦与球茎大麦的可杂交性同小麦与黑麦的情况相似,供试的两个球茎大麦及其株系间在可杂交性 相似文献
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《中国农学通报》2010,(15)
为了创造小麦-长穗偃麦草染色体易位系,将‘中国春’-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系与‘中国春’-柱穗山羊草2C二体附加系进行了正反交、F1代自交和回交,利用细胞遗传学等方法对杂种后代进行了鉴定。以‘中国春’-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系为母本的杂交组合,其杂交当代结实率平均为37.3%,而以‘中国春’-杀配子染色体2C二体附加系为母本的杂交组合,其平均结实率为28.19%,二者差异显著(P0.05)。杂种F1代自交结实率平均为31.45%,用"中国春"-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系为父本的F1代回交结实率为38.82%,二者差异显著(P0.05)。在杂交后代有丝分裂和减数分裂中观察到了染色体畸变现象,说明杀配子染色体2C在配子的形成过程中起作用。这些研究结果为进一步创制小麦-长穗偃麦草3E染色体易位系奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为提高月季杂交的成功率和结实率、筛选出优异的杂交亲本,对现代月季的3个品系60个月季品种开展了杂交结实性研究。结果表明:茶香月季品种间的杂交亲和性总体较高,所配组合的杂交成功率达87.5%,茶香月季与丰花月季品种杂交亲和性较低,茶香月季与藤本月季品种的杂交亲和性最低,为74.42%,说明月季品系间存在杂交亲和性差异,在杂交工作中,从同一品系中选取杂交亲本可提高杂交结实率;现代月季杂交结实率与品种间亲和性、母本、父本有关,应优先考虑自交结实率高的品种作为母本或父本。可选取吉祥、约克梅朗、黑美人和摩纳哥公主作母本材料,能有较高的结实率,亦可选取黄昏曲、伊丽莎白、朱王、里昂姑娘、绯扇、绿云、莫海姆、安吉拉作为母本材料;在亲本确定后,采取正反交结合可提高杂交结实率。 相似文献
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为了创造小麦-长穗偃麦草染色体易位系,本研究将“中国春”-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系与“中国春”-柱穗山羊草2C二体附加系进行了正反交、F1代自交和回交,利用细胞遗传学等方法对杂种后代进行了鉴定。以“中国春”-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系为母本的杂交组合,其杂交当代结实率平均为37.3%,而以“中国春”-杀配子染色体2C二体附加系为母本的杂交组合,其平均结实率为28.19%,二者差异显著（P<0.05）。杂种F1代自交结实率平均为31.45%,用“中国春”-长穗偃麦草3E二体附加系为父本的F1代回交结实率为38.82%,二者差异显著（P<0.05）。在杂交后代有丝分裂和减数分裂中观察到了染色体畸变现象,说明杀配子染色体2C在配子的形成过程中起作用。这些研究结果为进一步创制小麦-长穗偃麦草3E染色体易位系奠定了基础。 相似文献
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开展刺槐属种间杂交育种,对于改良刺槐的遗传品质,培育速生用材或优质观赏刺槐新品种具有重要意义。本研究选择鲁刺42等8个刺槐速生优良无性系做杂交母本,以多花刺槐作杂交父本,实施人工控制授粉,并对收获的杂交种子播种育苗。试验表明,刺槐无性系与多花刺槐种间杂交结实率很低,不同杂交组合差异较大,鲁刺152×多花刺槐结实率最高为19.76%,鲁刺57×多花刺槐杂交组合结实率为零。刺槐无性系与多花刺槐种间杂种萌发率很低,不同杂交组合杂种萌发率差异很大,鲁刺133×多花刺槐杂交组合萌发率为36.84%,鲁刺7×多花刺槐等杂交组合萌发率为零。相同杂交组合在不同年份结实率和萌发率有较大差异,年度之间没有重复性结果;相同杂交组合结实率和萌发率二者没有相关性。8个杂交组合只有4个组合获得杂交子代,共计13株系。 相似文献
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以4个不同的六倍体裸燕麦品种和普通小麦进行正反杂交,确定裸燕麦和普通小麦的可交配性。调查杂种结实率并诱导杂种愈伤组织。结果表明：六倍体裸燕麦与普通小麦的可交配性和愈伤组织诱导率因品种和正反交方式的不同而不同。在以六倍体裸燕麦为母本的正交试验中,‘白燕2号’母本结实率最高,为12.98%。在以六倍体裸燕麦为父本的反交试验中,‘白燕5号’为父本时结实率最高,为6.25%。相同品种间正反交结实率也有差异。4个裸燕麦品种与春小麦的杂种胚均有较高的愈伤组织诱导率。此研究对燕麦的优异基因资源的利用和裸燕麦、小麦种质创新具有重要的理论和现实意义。 相似文献
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为了探究入侵植物与本地植物之间的竞争关系,以入侵植物印加孔雀草和青稞为试验材料,采用添加系列试验法,在温室内设置了单种和不同比例混种方式进行控制试验。试验结果表明：（1）种间竞争降低了印加孔雀草的生物量、含水量,增加了其株高;降低了青稞的生物量、含水量和株高。（2）印加孔雀草的相对产量(RYTm)在0.78~0.98,差异不显著;青稞的相对产量(RYHv)在0.09~0.73,差异显著;混种对植物的影响为印加孔雀草小于青稞。（3）印加孔雀草和青稞的相对产量总和(RYT)在0.53~0.86,二者利用共同资源且有竞争关系。（4）印加孔雀草对青稞的竞争攻击力系数(A)在0.23~0.80,印加孔雀草竞争力强于青稞。研究表明：印加孔雀草和青稞混种时种间竞争>种内竞争,印加孔雀草的竞争力强于青稞,印加孔雀草影响青稞正常生长。 相似文献
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Salt tolerance was evaluated in 340 accessions of Hordeum, consisting of 41 brittle-rachis forms of Hordeum vulgare L. subsp.
vulgare (H. agriocrithon) accessions, 154 H. vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum (H. spontaneum) accessions, and 145 accessions of
ten other species or subspecies of wild Hordeum. Germination was carried out at concentrations of 171, 257, and 342 mM NaCl.
The levels of salt tolerance for seed germination in wild Hordeum species were generally lower than those found by Mano et
al. (1996) in cultivated barley; the NaCl tolerance level of the different species were as follows: H. agriocrithon > H. spontaneum
> other wild Hordeum species. In addition, leaf injury index was used to assess tolerance at the seedling stage after treatment
with 500 mM NaCl solution for four weeks. The levels of salt tolerance at the seedling stage in wild Hordeum species were
generally higher than those found by Mano & Takeda (1995) in cultivated barley. Most wild Hordeum species showed high NaCl
tolerance at the seedling stage and are considered good sources of germplasm for salt tolerance breeding.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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本文研究了大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育的细胞学过程,主要结论是:小孢子母细胞减数分裂胞质分裂为连续型,四分体排列为左右对称型.小孢子第一次有丝分裂形成生殖和营养细胞.生殖细胞再分裂一次,形成一对精子.所以,大麦的成熟花粉粒为三细胞型.绒毡层为分泌型.母细胞减数分裂时,绒毡层细胞内多数具双核.小孢子释放前,绒毡层开始退化,二核花粉粒时仅留残痕. 相似文献
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New plant genotypes were produced using barley-wheat hybrids, Hordeum vulgare L. x Triticum aestivum L., and H. geniculatum
All. x T. aestivum L. Biotechnological methods were used. Cytogenetic analysis revealed different characters of formation
for fertile alloplasmic lines among progenies of H. vulgare x T. aestivum and H. geniculatum x T. aestivum.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Partial sequences (appr. 900bp) spanning from exon 2 to 4 of the gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 were obtained from
four varieties of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare, and from 21 accessions of its wild progenitor, H. vulgare
ssp. spontaneum. Sequence diversity was low and restricted to the non-coding intron sequences. In the 648–660bp long intron
3 both a microsatellite locus and a major duplication (153/156bp) were found. Sequence diversity in H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum
was slightly higher than in cultivated barley. In general the Adh1 gene displays only limited polymorphism and is not appropriate
for seeking correlations between molecular and eco-geographical data.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Measurements were made on amino acid contents in collection of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum)., grown in pot conditions, and in some Israeli breeding lines and cultivars of Hordeum vulgare. H. spontaneum was low in lysine content and high in prolilne plus glutamic acid compared to H. vulgare. Lysine content was positively correlated, in H. spontaneum, to all other ammo acids except proline and giutamic acid. Inter-populanon rnean differences for Iv-saie in H. spontaneum were small and lysine variation was obscured due to variation in protein content. The use of H. spomancum in breeding high protein. nutritionally improved barley is discussed. 相似文献
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从陕西三个不同地区小麦、大麦、玉米、谷子、黄豆 根围土壤中分离出丛枝菌根真菌,均为聚球囊霉属,已鉴定的有七种,分别为：摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）、缩球囊霉（Glomus constrictum）、地表球囊霉（Glomus versiforme）、苏格兰球囊霉（Glomus caledonium）、聚球囊霉（Glomus aggregatum）、地球囊霉（Glomus geosporum）、双形球囊霉（Glomus dimorphicum）。所调查的作物的丛枝菌根真菌侵染率和根际土壤孢子密度均较低。 相似文献
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Rod or ring bivalents at metaphase I (MI) reflect whether crossing-over has occurred on one or both pairs of chromosome arms, respectively, during meiotic prophase (pachytene). In cultivated barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) the highest frequencies of rod bivalents were found for satellite chromosomes (either 5H or 6H). To distinguish between chromosome 5H and 6H associations, a recombinant line derived from an H. vulgare × H. bulbosum hybrid with a hemizygous introgression from H. bulbosum on the short arm of chromosome 6H was probed with 45S rDNA and pSc119.2 using fluorescent in situ hybridization and compared with non-recombinant H. vulgare. The frequencies of rod bivalents, caused by failure of the short arms of 5H chromosomes (5HS) to associate during meiosis in the recombinant line, were similar to the frequencies of rod bivalents involving the satellite chromosomes in H. vulgare. Hence, rod bivalent formation in H. vulgare satellite chromosomes is probably based on reduced association of 5HS, corresponding to a low frequency of genetic recombination. 5HS is, therefore, more likely to show linkage disequilibrium than the other chromosome arms. 相似文献
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Haploid barley from the intergeneric cross Hordeum vulgare x Psathyrostachys fragilis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
von Bothmer Roland Jacobsen Niels Jørgensen Rikke B. Linde-Laursen I B 《Euphytica》1984,33(2):363-367
Summary The intergeneric hybrid Hordeum vulgare x Psathyrostachys fragilis was fairly easily obtained. During each growing season the intermediate, perennial hybrid yielded haploid tillers of H. vulgare. Late in one season few, hybrid tillers headed. The morphology, cytology and enzymatic patterns of hybrid and haploid tillers were investigated. 相似文献