共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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干旱严重影响小麦的生长发育及产量,小麦抗旱育种是保障小麦生产的重要措施,利用基因工程技术提高小麦抗旱性是优于传统育种的有效途径。抗旱基因主要包括调节基因（蛋白激酶、蛋白酶和转录因子基因）和功能基因。目前,已证实的可提高小麦抗旱性的基因主要为转录因子基因CBF/DREB1、MYB、NAC（NAM、ATAF1、ATAF2和CUC2）、HD-Zip和WRKY等和功能基因LEA蛋白基因、甜菜碱合成酶基因和海藻糖合成酶基因等。本文从转录因子基因和功能基因2个方面概述国内外利用基因工程技术提高小麦抗旱性的研究进展,并对目前存在的问题进行分析,以期为小麦抗旱遗传改良及育种提供参考。 相似文献
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Moureen Nansamba Julia Sibiya Robooni Tumuhimbise Deborah Karamura Jerome Kubiriba Eldad Karamura 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(4):685-696
Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting banana production worldwide, leading to yield losses of up to 65%. Consequently, numerous efforts to understand and mitigate drought effects that include developing tolerant crop varieties are ongoing in several banana breeding programmes. The breeding efforts, however, have been greatly slowed down by inherent banana problems (polyploidy and male or female sterility) and complexity of drought tolerance (reportedly controlled by several genes). This review summarizes the pertinent research findings on water requirements of banana for its proper growth and productivity, symptoms of drought-sensitive varieties and field management strategies to cope with drought stress. The coping strategies deployed by resistant cultivars include high assimilation rates and water retention capacity as well as minor losses in leaf area and gaseous exchange. Reduced bunch weight, leaf chlorosis, wilting and strangled birth are underlined to be directly associated with drought susceptibility. Integration of conventional, molecular breeding and biotechnological tools as well as exploitation of the existing banana genetic diversity presents a huge opportunity for successful banana improvement. 相似文献
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Drought tolerance is one of the most important objectives of sugar beet breeding programs in semi-arid regions, particularly
during the last decade. Due to global climate changes and limitations of agricultural irrigation water, varieties with drought
tolerance are taken into consideration in order to avoid yield losses due to drought. In this study, drought tolerance of
76 S1 lines (full-sib families) that had been extracted from a genetically broad base multigerm sugar beet open pollinated population,
were examined. Test crosses were made between the lines as pollinators and a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) single cross.
The consequent hybrids along with checks were evaluated during 2007 and 23 more tolerant hybrids during 2008, in two adjacent
experiments under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Drought tolerance indices calculated based on sugar yield, such
as mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and stress tolerance index (STI) were used to assess hybrids
responses to drought. The results showed significant genetic differences for root yield and sugar yield under both conditions.
Drought tolerance indices displayed significant genetic variability for sugar yield among the hybrids. Many hybrids were drought
tolerant as compared with the original base population as indicated by their high STI. The estimates of heritability for sugar
yield in stress and non-stress conditions were much close to each other (0.31 and 0.34, respectively). Whereas, for root yield
the heritability estimate in stress condition (0.46) was relatively higher than that in non-stress condition (0.34). Significant
differences were observed among the selected hybrids for root yield and sugar yield, indicating genotypic variability for
pollinator lines derived from the population. There were no significant differences for sugar content. For increasing the
drought tolerance potential in a breeding population and developing drought-tolerant varieties by male parent, the drought-tolerant
lines could be used. 相似文献
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Ousmane Boukar Nouhoun Belko Siva Chamarthi Abou Togola Joseph Batieno Emmanuel Owusu Mohammed Haruna Sory Diallo Muhammed Lawan Umar Olusoji Olufajo Christian Fatokun 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):415-424
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), is an important grain legume grown in the tropics where it constitutes a valuable source of protein in the diets of millions of people. Some abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect its productivity. A review of the genetics, genomics and breeding of cowpea is presented in this article. Cowpea breeding programmes have studied intensively qualitative and quantitative genetics of the crop to better enhance its improvement. A number of initiatives including Tropical Legumes projects have contributed to the development of cowpea genomic resources. Recent progress in the development of consensus genetic map containing 37,372 SNPs mapped to 3,280 bins will strengthen cowpea trait discovery pipeline. Several informative markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to desirable attributes of cowpea were generated. Cowpea genetic improvement activities aim at the development of drought tolerant, phosphorus use efficient, bacterial blight and virus resistant lines through exploiting available genetic resources as well as deployment of modern breeding tools that will enhance genetic gain when grown by sub‐Saharan Africa farmers. 相似文献
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水稻抗旱性遗传育种与节水抗旱栽培 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
水稻抗旱性研究是当前水稻研究的热点问题,培育抗旱性水稻品种并实现品种的节水抗旱栽培对于节约水资源、实现水稻的稳产高产都具有重要意义。有关水稻抗旱性的研究,国内外科研工作者分别就抗旱性指标、抗旱性生理生化机制、抗旱性及相关性状基因定位及克隆等方面做了大量的研究工作,并取得了积极的研究成果。综述了水稻抗旱性的遗传定位、基因克隆,品种的选育方法及国内外在抗旱性品种选育上取得的成绩,概述了节水抗旱栽培技术,并对当前水稻抗旱性研究进行了总结,这将为今后水稻抗旱性的进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
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遗传搭车与方差分析在水稻定向选择群体的抗旱性位点分析中的初步应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水稻抗旱性属于复杂性状，近年的遗传研究日益关注胁迫下的产量相关位点。选用来自同一抗旱性较好的供体亲本（BG300），具有两种遗传背景（IR64和特青）和两种选择条件（低地和旱地）的4个水稻高代回交（BC2）抗旱性定向选择导入系群体。通过SSR分子标记，检测群体中供体等位基因的导入频率，分析了选择条件和遗传背景对供体等位基因导入频率的影响。在此基础上，利用基于遗传搭车原理的卡方检验对等位基因导入频率的偏离进行检测，同时结合表型-基因型方差分析（ANOVA）的方法，对上述群体进行了和抗旱性相关位点的QTL分析。共检测到显著位点24个，其中卡方检验发现20个，方差分析检测到8个。有4个被这两种方法都检测到，很可能是与胁迫下的产量直接相关的位点。同时也对非胁迫下的产量位点进行了检测，发现上述抗旱性位点与非胁迫下产量的关系不大。还就选择条件和遗传背景的效应等对目标性状QTL定位的影响进行了讨论。研究结果将为进一步的水稻抗旱性分子育种研究提供有用的信息和材料。 相似文献
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Fantao Zhang Fenglei Cui Liangxing Zhang Xiufang Wen Xiangdong Luo Yi Zhou Xia Li Yong Wan June Zhang Jiankun Xie 《Euphytica》2014,200(1):1-7
Drought stress is severely damaging during seedling stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.), which can lead to significant yield reductions. Dongxiang common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff., hereafter referred to as DXWR), with strong drought resistance, could be a favorable genetic resource to improve the drought resistance of cultivated rice. Xieqingzao B (O. sativa L. ssp. indica, hereafter referred to as XB) is a representative maintainer line in hybrid rice breeding system in China. By using DXWR as donor parent, XB as recurrent parent, through continuous selfing, backcrossing and strict drought-resistant screening, we developed a strong and stable drought-resistant introgression line IL395 (BC5F10), whose ability of drought resistance was significantly increased than that of the recurrent parent XB at the seedling stage. Meanwhile, no significant differences existed among other major agronomic traits under normal condition, except for plant height. Physiological assessment revealed that IL395 exhibited a significant increase in levels of free proline and soluble sugars, which was associated with drought resistance. Whole genome marker analyses identified genomic segments of DXWR linking with RM171 and RM590 (chr. 10) and RM235 (chr. 12) that require further analysis as possible sources of drought resistance trait. These results suggest that DXWR could be a favorable genetic resource to improve the drought resistance of cultivated rice, and the IL395 might be a useful resource for excavating the drought-resistant genes from DXWR. 相似文献
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陆地棉抗旱性与SSR分子标记的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】了解陆地棉抗旱性和寻找与陆地棉抗旱性相关的分子标记,挖掘与抗旱性状相关的优异等位变异。【方法】以191份陆地棉栽培种组成的自然群体为材料,在萌发期采用质量分数为15%的PEG6000竖直滤纸法对191份材料进行胁迫处理,测定其发芽率。根据隶属函数值对萌发期抗旱性划分抗旱级别。利用关联分析的方法以74对SSR引物对该自然群体进行基因组变异扫描。在利用Structure 2.3.4分析该自然群体的遗传结构的基础上,使用Tassel 2.0的GLM模型将基因型数据与萌发期抗旱性状进行关联分析,寻找与抗旱性状相关的分子标记。【结果】筛选出强抗旱材料46份,中等抗旱材料59份,干旱敏感材料86份;群体结构分析将191份材料划分为2个亚群,分别包含123份和68份材料;通过关联分析获得与陆地棉萌发期抗旱性显著相关的分子标记15个,各位点对表型变异解释率为2.2%~7.49%。【结论】本研究筛选出强抗旱材料46份,获得与萌发期抗旱性相关的分子标记15个,可供棉花抗旱标记辅助选择育种利用。 相似文献
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本实验以不同世代水旱回交渗入系BC3、BC4、4份旱稻品种和1份水稻品种为研究材料;比较孕穗期干旱胁迫条件下,不同材料间产量、生物量和经济系数的差异及光合参数与产量关系。研究结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下BC4代渗入系平均产量、生物量和经济系数显著高于水稻品种,与旱稻品种无显著差异;BC3渗入系群体平均产量、生物量和经济系数显著低于旱稻品种与水稻沈农265无显著差异,这表明BC4代在干旱胁迫条件下能更好使旱稻抗旱性和水稻的丰产性得到统一。光化学淬灭系数（qN）与产量和经济系数相关显著其相关系数为0.257和0.308;所有光合参数与生物量相关均不显著;光下最大叶绿素荧光（Fm）和最小叶绿素荧光（F0）与经济系数显著负相关,其相关系数为-0.257和-0.224。 相似文献
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Abderahmane Djemel Lorena Álvarez-Iglesias Nuria Pedrol Ana López-Malvar Amando Ordás Pedro Revilla 《Euphytica》2018,214(8):138
Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide. Drought could increase under the predicted scenario of climate change, particularly in the Mediterranean area. Breeding for drought tolerance requires screening of germplasm in order to identify sources of tolerance; therefore, were evaluated 51 diverse open-pollinated maize populations from various temperate regions under increasing levels of drought at germination, seedling establishment and early growth. There was genetic variability for drought tolerance among populations at all growth phases. Several populations from diverse origins and germplasm groups exhibited high germination across stress treatments. Some of those populations had high ability to sustain root development and showed differential performance depending on the stage of development and the phenotypic aspect considered. In general, BS17 showed high germination rate, fast seedling growth and early vigor under drought. Longlellow and Grano de trigo showed high germination and growth establishment rates, whereas AS3(HT)C3 showed high germination rate and early vigor under drought. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration of Enano Levantino/Hembrilla (ELH) and BS17 populations were not affected by drought. Water use efficiency of BS17, ELH, Northwestern Dent (NWD) and Viana was not affected by drought. Some of these populations are promising sources of drought tolerance which can provide different mechanisms of drought tolerance at different stages of plant development. Therefore, these results open new possibilities of breeding for drought tolerance by combining those mechanisms through crosses among potential donors. Furthermore, these findings indicate that it is worthwhile to study the genetic and biological basis of such mechanisms. 相似文献
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R. Chandra Babu H. E. Shashidhar J. M. Lilley N. D. Thanh J. D. Ray S. Sadasivam S. Sarkarung J. C. O'Toole H. T. Nguyen 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(3):233-238
Drought is the major constraint limiting rainfed rice production. The ability of rice roots to penetrate compacted soils and therefore to increase water extraction capacity, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance of leaves enables the plant to tolerate drought. Experiments were conducted to determine the extent of genetic variation in root penetration index, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among indica accessions adapted to rainfed lowlands as well as traditional varieties from rainfed uplands. Root penetration index was evaluated in a system using wax–petrolatum layers to simulate soil compaction. Osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance were studied under slow development of water stress. Substantial genetic variation was found for root penetration index, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among indica ecotypes from lowlands, and the study of several traditional varieties from uplands showed variation in root penetration index and related root traits. An indica accession, IR58821‐23‐B‐1‐2‐1 had a high root penetration index of 0.38. The accessions, IR61079‐33‐1‐2‐2‐3, IR62266‐42‐6‐2 and IR63919‐38‐B‐1 had high osmotic adjustment capacities (1.91, 1.90 and 1.78 MPa, respectively); IR61079‐33‐1‐2‐2‐3 also had high dehydration tolerance. Good osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance were associated with poor root system. The traditional varieties ‘Kallurundaikar’ and ‘Norungan’ had higher root penetration indices (0.46 and 0.43, respectively), than even the japonica accessions. The study identified indica accessions and traditional varieties with superior root‐ and shoot‐related drought resistance traits that could be used in breeding for drought resistance in rice. 相似文献
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玉米新品种‘裕丰303’的商业育种问题讨论 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在大田生产中,‘先玉335’等美系新品种在耐密植、抗倒伏、抗南方锈病、抗大斑病、抗高温热害等方面的能力都较弱。为了通过育种手段解决以上问题,本研究以玉米新品种‘裕丰303’为试验材料,通过对其在国家（黄淮海夏播、东华北中晚熟、西北春播）以及各省区域试验和生产试验中的产量、抗旱性、耐高温热害、耐密性、籽粒品质等品种特性进行分析。结果表明‘裕丰303’不仅具备美系新品种的优良特征特性,还具有耐旱、耐高温热害、抗倒伏、抗南方锈病等性状优势,实现并大幅度超越笔者原定的育种目标。以此为基础,讨论了今后种质扩增、改良、创新的技术路线和避免遗传脆弱性风险出现等相关商业育种问题。强调在育种实践中应高度重视耐高温热害性状和耐旱性状的选育,特别要注重通过不断提升基因型与环境互作的正向超正常表达选育具有广泛适应性的新品种。 相似文献
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M. Farooq S. M. A. Basra A. Wahid & H. Rehman 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(4):254-261
Drought stress is a severe threat to the sustainable rice production, which causes oxidative damage and disturbs plant water relations, while exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO) may have the potential to alleviate these effects in rice plants. In this study, the role of NO to improve drought tolerance in fine grain aromatic rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Basmati 2000) was evaluated. Sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, was used at 50, 100 and 150 μ mol l−1 both as seed priming and foliar spray. To prime, the seeds were soaked in aerated NO solution of respective solution for 48 h and dried back to original weight. Primed and non-primed seeds were sown in plastic pots with normal irrigation in a greenhouse. At four leaf stage, plants were subjected to drought stress except the controls, which were kept at full field capacity. Drought was maintained at 50 % of field capacity by watering when needed. Two controls were maintained; both receiving no NO treatments as foliar application or seed treatment, one under drought conditions and the other under well-watered conditions. Drought stress seriously reduced the rice growth, but both methods of NO application alleviated the stress effects. Drought tolerance in rice was strongly related to the maintenance of tissue water potential and enhanced capacity of antioxidants, improved stability of cellular membranes and enhanced photosynthetic capacity, plausibly by signalling action of NO. Foliar treatments proved more effective than the seed treatments. Among NO treatment, 100 μ mol l−1 foliar spray was more effective. 相似文献
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保持系稻株对孕穗期干旱胁迫伤害与补水修复的育性响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以负压式土壤湿度计和取土烘干法双重监控盆栽试验的土壤水势变化,观测我国14个常用水稻保持系的孕穗期耐旱性,并以干旱胁迫指数人为划分钝感、耐旱、不耐旱与敏感4个等级,其中K22-B、金23-B为孕穗期干旱胁迫钝感材料,珍汕97-B、中9-B为孕穗期干旱胁迫敏感材料,比较研究它们对干旱胁迫伤害的育性响应与补水修复的特征。结果表明,钝感或敏感保持系稻株主穗耐旱性均强于分蘖穗,粒位间强势粒耐旱性均高于弱势粒。这一生物学现象似"植物顶端优势"的逆境生理学表现。比较孕穗期中花粉母细胞减数分裂期、花粉粒形成期与花粉粒充实期的耐旱性,花粉粒充实期耐旱性最弱,花粉母细胞减数分裂期耐旱性较强。孕穗期干旱后补水对结实伤害的恢复效果明显,尤其对耐旱性强的保持系稻株修复更明显,主要途径是降低秕谷率而不降低空壳率,表明干旱胁迫育性损伤是不可逆的。 相似文献
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Drought and salt tolerances are complex traits and controlled by multiple genes, environmental factors and their interactions. Drought and salt stresses can result in more than 50% yield loss in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). G. barbadense L. (the source of Pima cotton) carries desirable traits such as tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress along with high fiber quality. However, few studies have been reported on mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for abiotic stress tolerance using a permanent bi-parental population in multiple tests. The transfer of drought and salt tolerance from Pima to Upland cotton has been a challenge due to interspecific hybrid breakdown. This issue may be overcome by using introgression lines with genes transferred from Pima to Upland cotton. In this study, four replicated tests were conducted in the greenhouse each for drought and salt tolerance along with another test conducted in a field for drought tolerance using an Upland recombinant inbred line population of TM-1/NM24016 that has a stable introgression from Pima cotton. The objectives of the study were to investigate the genetic basis of drought and salt tolerance and to identify genetic markers associated with the abiotic stress tolerance. A total of 1004 polymorphic DNA marker loci including RGA-AFLP, SSR and GBS-SNP markers were used to construct a genetic map spanning 2221.28 cM. This population together with its two parents was evaluated for morphological, physiological, yield and fiber quality traits. The results showed that drought under greenhouse and field conditions and salt stress in the greenhouse reduced cotton plant growth at the seedling stage, and decreased lint yield and fiber quality traits in the field. A total of 165 QTL for salt and drought tolerance were detected on most of the cotton chromosomes, each explaining 5.98–21.43% of the phenotypic variation. Among these, common QTL for salt and drought tolerance were detected under both the greenhouse and field conditions. This study represents the first study to report consistent abiotic stress tolerance QTL from multiple tests in the greenhouse and the field that will be useful to understand the genetic basis of drought and salt tolerance and to breeding for abiotic stress tolerance using molecular marker-assisted selection in cotton. 相似文献
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Achievements and limitations of contemporary common bean breeding using conventional and molecular approaches 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) improvement programs have been successful using conventional breeding methods to accomplish a wide array of important
objectives. Specific achievements include the extension of range of adaptation of the crop, the development of cultivars with
enhanced levels of disease and pest resistance and breeding lines that possess greater tolerance to drought. The most effective
breeding method depends on the expression and inheritance of the trait to be selected and the target environment. Many bean
improvement programs use molecular markers to facilitate cultivar development. In fact, several recent germplasm releases
have used molecular markers to introgress and or pyramid major genes and QTL for disease resistance. Related species (P. coccineus and P. acultifolius) via interspecific hybridizations remain an important albeit long-term source for resistance to economically important diseases.
Slow progress has been made in the improvement of traits such as adaptation to low soil fertility and tolerance to high levels
of soluble Al in the soil using conventional breeding methods. The inability to directly measure root traits and the importance
of genotype × environment interaction complicate the selection of these traits. In addition, symbiotic relationships with
Rhizobium and mycorrhiza need to be taken into consideration when selecting for enhanced biological N fixation and greater or more
efficient acquisition of soil P. Genomic examination of complex traits such as these should help bean breeders devise more
effective selection strategies. As integration of genomics in plant breeding advances, the challenge will be to develop molecular
tools that also benefit breeding programs in developing countries. Transgenic breeding methods for bean improvement are not
well defined, nor efficient, as beans are recalcitrant to regeneration from cell cultures. Moreover, if issues related to
consumer acceptance of GMOs cannot be resolved, traits such as herbicide tolerance in transgenic bean cultivars which would
help farmers reduce production costs and decrease soil erosion will remain unrealized. 相似文献
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本文介绍了北方粳稻分子育种课题的研究情况和所取得的研究成果。目前主要进行两方面的研究，一方面为特异基因型的鉴定：主要有筛选鉴定出抗旱性材料86份，苗期抗寒性材料40份，后期抗寒性材料629份，抗稻瘟病材料28份，对筛选出的抗旱性材料进行了第二轮聚合杂交，共配组合171个。另一方面是关于遗传与生理基础研究，对穗部性状、粒形、产量和品质以及它们之间的关系进行了深入的研究。另外本文对北方粳稻分子育种材料构建过程中存在的问题进行了综合讨论，并讨论北方粳稻分子育种今后的发展方向。 相似文献