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小麦面粉白度配合力及其与主要品质性状的相关分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究面粉白度的遗传特性,选择8个在面粉白度、蛋白质含量、淀粉糊化特性、粉质特性等性状方面具有不同特点的小麦品种作亲本,按4×4不完全双列杂交配制组合,对16个杂种F1和8个亲本的面粉白度和粉质特性、淀粉糊化特性、沉淀值等品质性状进行了分析。结果表明,面粉白度的一般配合力方差明显大于特殊配合力方差,广义遗传力大于90%,说明选育高白度小麦品种时应选择高白度品种(系)做亲本。面粉白度一般配合力相对效应值与亲本白度和峰值粘度呈显著正相关,与稀懈值、糊化温度呈极显著正相关。面粉白度与面粉含水率和吸水率呈显著负相关;与面团形成时间呈负相关,但未达到显著性水平;与面团稳定时间,软化度相关性极小;与沉淀值呈正相关,但不显著;面粉白度与蛋白质含量、干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数相关性极小,表明其对面粉面筋影响较小。 相似文献
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以沪五彩花糯1号为试材,设6个采收期,研究采收期对子粒品质和糊化特性的影响。结果表明,采收期为授粉后20 d时,沪五彩花糯1号感官和蒸煮品质综合评分达最高,为85.6分。蛋白质和可溶性糖含量随采收期推迟而降低,而淀粉则相反。不同采收期下的峰值粘度、谷值黏度、终值黏度、崩解值和回复值变异系数要大于峰值时间和糊化温度的变异系数,说明除峰值时间和糊化温度之外,峰值黏度、谷值黏度、终值黏度、崩解值和回复值受采收期影响较大。与淀粉和可溶性糖相比,子粒中的蛋白质对糊化特性的影响较大。 相似文献
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为了解我国现有小麦种质的面粉糊化特性,以来源于不同区域的171个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,分析了小麦面粉糊化特性及其与品质性状的相关性。结果表明,品种对面粉糊化参数有极显著影响(P0.01);糊化参数基本呈正态分布,约有81.9%的小麦峰值黏度集中在2 250～3 000 cP,筛选出峰值黏度较高的6个小麦品种(系)。糊化参数在不同小麦类型区的材料间差异程度不同,其中长江中下游冬麦区的峰值黏度显著高于北方冬麦区,与西南冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区和国外引进材料差异不显著。相关分析表明,峰值黏度与其他所有糊化参数均呈极显著正相关;与面粉白度、L~*值、稳定时间和粉质质量指数呈显著或极显著正相关,与b~*和吸水率则呈极显著负相关。 相似文献
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为进一步提高茶叶在食品工业中的应用范围,以小麦西农538(中筋)为供试材料,分别添加0、2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的绿茶、红茶和黑茶3类茶叶粉于面粉中,并对其进行面团流变学特性及糊化特性分析。结果表明,3类茶叶粉均可显著改善面团的流变学特性及糊化特性。随着茶叶粉添加量的增加,面团吸水率均显著增大;添加2%~10%的绿茶粉及6%~10%的黑茶粉,面团的形成时间和稳定时间均显著提高,弱化度均显著降低。添加6%的绿茶粉时,面团的拉伸能量和最大拉伸阻力增幅均达到最大值,延伸度出现小幅度升高的拐点;添加4%的红茶粉,面团的拉伸面积显著增大,继续增加添加量则变化不明显;黑茶和红茶粉添加量分别大于4%和6%时,面团延伸度均显著降低。面粉中添加适量的茶叶粉可改善面粉的品质,绿茶粉的添加对面团网络结构形成速度和面团筋力的改良效果大于红茶粉和黑茶粉。面粉糊化的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、峰值时间、回生值随着茶叶粉添加量的增大均呈不同幅度的降低趋势;3类茶叶粉对面粉糊化的热稳定性具有不同程度的改善作用。 相似文献
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为改良湿面筋含量较高、面筋指数和稳定时间较低的这一类型小麦的加工品质,选择这三个指标相差较大的三个小麦品种为材料进行配粉,将湿面筋含量较高、面筋指数和稳定时间较低的小麦品种郑麦618的面粉按照0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%比例分别与面筋指数和稳定时间较高的小麦品种新麦26或郑麦7698的面粉混合,组成不同类型的配粉,对其湿面筋含量、面筋指数、沉淀指数、面团流变学特性、淀粉RVA糊化特性以及面条和馒头的加工品质进行了比较。结果表明,当两个原粉被测指标数值差异显著时,配粉的湿面筋含量、面团流变学特征参数、峰值粘度、最低粘度和最终粘度均随着原粉数值较大一方添加比例的增加而增加。当两个原粉被测指标数值差异不显著时,配粉被测指标的数值会出现大于或小于原粉的现象,比如面筋指数、延伸性和沉淀指数;但衰减值和糊化温度不符合此规律,衰减值更接近于数值较高的原粉,糊化温度更接近于数值较低的原粉。相关性分析表明,面条总分与峰值粘度、最低粘度、衰减值呈正相关,与面团流变学特性参数呈负相关,相关系数较小;馒头总分与面筋指数、沉淀指数、形成时间、稳定时间、能量、拉伸阻力、延伸性和最大拉伸阻力呈极显著负相关,与淀粉糊化各特征值相关性不显著。上述结果证实,优质面条粉和馒头粉均不需要面筋质量过高,优质面条粉的湿面筋含量为30.3%～32.2%,面筋指数为75.2～81.4,稳定时间为4.5～7.2 min,最高粘度为2 330～2 468 cP,最低粘度为1 504～1 607 cP;优质馒头粉的湿面筋含量为30.2%～32.0%,面筋指数为70.8～81.4,稳定时间为3.5～9.1 min。面条和馒头评分结果表明,湿面筋含量较高（30%以上）,面筋指数低的这一类型的小麦可以通过搭配面筋指数较高的小麦来改良其加工 品质。 相似文献
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以马铃薯品种大西洋和资源材料1533为母本配制的10个杂交组合无性二代为试验材料,对其淀粉粘度、糊化温度和峰值粘度温度性状进行评价。结果表明:以大西洋为母本配制的各杂交组合后代无性系个数在粘度高值端、糊化温度低值端及峰值粘度低值端所占比例较大。以1533为母本配制的各杂交组合后代无性系个数在粘度高值端占比例也较大、但在糊化温度低值端和峰值粘度低值端占比例很小。综合性状表现最好的是大西洋×东农308,该组合后代平均粘度为1 480 BU、平均糊化温度为67.7℃、平均峰值粘度温度为78.5℃,其次表现较好的组合是1533×D2和大西洋×D2。这3个组合是选育马铃薯淀粉加工专用型品种的优良群体材料。 相似文献
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为了明确不同基因型小麦品种籽粒灌浆过程中的淀粉合成动态,为小麦的高产优质栽培提供参考信息,对6个不同基因型小麦籽粒形成过程中淀粉组分的变化及淀粉糊化特性进行了分析。结果表明,非糯性小麦的直链淀粉含量随着花后天数的增加呈上升的趋势,糯性小麦则呈先上升后下降的趋势,所有品种的支链淀粉含量均呈上升的趋势;不同基因型小麦直链、支链淀粉积累速率均呈单峰曲线图,不同品种直链淀粉最大积累速率出现的时间不同,而支链淀粉最大积累速率出现的时间均在花后21d;不同小麦品种的峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度均随着花后天数的增加而上升;不同品种淀粉糊化特性不同:糯性小麦之间在糊化时间、反弹值上无差异,而在峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度、稀懈值上的差异达显著水平;对于非糯性小麦,豫麦50和其他品种的多数糊化参数差异达显著水平;糯小麦和非糯小麦在糊化参数上的差异达1%显著水平。 相似文献
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长期定位施肥对不同筋力型小麦品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解长期施肥对小麦品质的作用,在33年长期定位施肥试验的基础上,分析了不同施肥条件下强筋小麦品种徐麦32和弱筋小麦品种宁麦13蛋白及淀粉相关品质特性。结果表明,有机肥、无机肥以及有机肥与品种的互作对小麦大部分蛋白和淀粉特性参数有显著或极显著影响。施肥对徐麦32和宁麦13蛋白质含量、干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉淀值及面粉糊化特性参数影响基本一致。单施氮肥处理的蛋白质含量显著高于其他处理,单施有机肥处理显著低于其他处理,其他处理间无显著差异。干、湿面筋含量、SDS沉淀值与蛋白质含量呈较明显的正相关。施有机肥处理的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度及峰值时间均显著高于不施有机肥处理,说明有机肥能显著改善小麦面粉的糊化特性;而无论施有机肥与否,施用无机肥不能显著改善面粉糊化特性。综上所述,长期有机、无机肥配合施用有利于弱筋小麦品质的改善,而对强筋小麦品质的改善不利。大田生产中应根据不同专用品种对品质的不同要求施用不同种类的肥料。 相似文献
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小麦淀粉与面条质量关系的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
小麦淀粉品质对白盐面条的质量（尤其是煮后的感官特性）有重要影响。直链与支链淀粉的含量及比例是影响面条质量的重要因素,是造成不同小麦品种淀粉糊化和膨胀特性及面条质量差异的物质基础。较低直链淀粉含量的小麦粉具有较好的糊化和膨胀特性,制作的面条煮制时吸水率高,烹调损失低,具有较高的感官评分。优质白盐面条的直链淀粉含量应在22%左右。峰值黏度、稀懈值、峰值时间是影响面条质量的重要糊化参数,这3项参数高的小麦粉适合制作优质面条。高膨胀势或膨胀体积的小麦粉制作的面条中等偏软,光滑且富有弹性,可以作为面条用小麦的重要选择标准。一般认为,直链淀粉含量较低、峰值黏度和稀懈值高、峰值时间长、膨胀势或膨胀体积高的小麦粉适合制作优质白盐面条。其中,直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度和膨胀势是优质面条小麦评价的关键品质性状。 相似文献
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为给BNS型杂交小麦的进一步推广应用提供参考依据,以BNS低温敏感雄性不育系衍生的两个杂交小麦及常规小麦品种百农矮抗58为材料,研究了制粉系统各出粉点面粉的品质特性.结果表明,不同出粉点的面粉品质性状间存在差异,皮磨粉的灰分含量少,白度值、干湿面筋含量、稳定时间、峰值黏度、最终黏度、回生值等均最高;心磨粉的粗蛋白含量、灰分含量、破损淀粉含量、吸水率、形成时间、弱化度等随出粉点后移呈升高趋势,而白度、干湿面筋含量、稳定时间、峰值黏度、低谷黏度、稀懈值、最终黏度、回生值等随出粉点后移而降低;同一出粉点不同材料的品质特性具有明显差异.杂交小麦不同出粉点品质的变化趋势与常规小麦基本一致. 相似文献
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为明确郑麦1860的品质及加工适用性,对2020-2021年河南省29个地点收获的郑麦1860的籽粒性状、磨粉品质、面团流变学特性、淀粉糊化特性和面条加工品质指标进行了测定与分析。结果表明,郑麦1860为优质中强筋面条小麦品种,特点是籽粒大、容重高、出粉率高,面条弹性好、色泽白亮、褐变较轻。在不同地点间郑麦1860的多数品质性状变异程度小,品质表现较稳定;相比较而言,其粉质参数、拉伸参数变异程度较大,淀粉糊化特性和面筋特性变异程度次之,籽粒品质性状、磨粉品质和面条加工参数变异程度较小。籽粒硬度、粒径、容重与出粉率呈显著正相关;容重、籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉灰分含量与面条总评分呈显著负相关;面粉色泽L*值、吸水率、峰值黏度、低谷黏度、终值黏度、回生值与面条总评分呈显著正相关。综上所述,籽粒蛋白质含量、面粉色泽和淀粉糊化特性是影响郑麦1860面条品质的主要因素。郑麦1860制作的面条感官评分高、品质稳定,在豫北、豫东和豫南等区域种植均适合制作优质面条。 相似文献
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Three types of wheat: 8901 (hard wheat), Nanyang white wheat, NYWW (medium wheat), and Australian white wheat, AWW (soft wheat) were milled after debranning by abrasion and friction, and by conventional milling. The quality of flours produced by the two procedures and their performance in steamed breadmaking were evaluated. The results showed that debranning affected both the quality of flour and the steamed bread, especially for 8901 and NYWW. Debranning lowered the gluten index, maximum resistance and starch damage; whereas, it increased pericarp content, ash content, L* value, falling number and particle size distribution. The pasting properties such as peak viscosity and final viscosity of NYWWDII and 8901DII were higher than those of NYWWCII and 8901CII. Debranning had positive effects on the quality scores, volume, volume/weight, height and structure of steamed bread from second flour, except for those from soft wheat. For the two other samples, the quality scores for steamed bread were lower than that for the conventional flour. The shape and structure of steamed bread from the top flours of AWWCII and 8901CII were better than from debranned flour. The milling methods did not affect the texture of steamed bread, except in the case of second flour of NYWW. 相似文献
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Wheat filter flours are by-products obtained from air-classification of wheat flour. Physicochemical and rheological properties of wheat filter flours were investigated in the present study. Average values of crude protein, gluten, lipid and damaged starch content of filter flours were higher than those of standard flours for the same batch. The positive correlation of particles with size <20 μm and damaged starch was found. Moreover, the filter flours had higher water absorption, stability time except head milling filter flour samples. Short peak time and low peak viscosity were also observed. Different composition of wheat filter flours may be an important factor influencing its properties. This study is very useful for exploring the utilization of wheat filter flours in the food industry. 相似文献
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Natural ageing is defined as handling and storage of freshly harvested grain for several years under storage condition to achieve suitable flour quality after milling. Accelerated ageing of wheat which is obtained using higher temperature during a specific storage time under controlled relative humidity may improve the quality of wheat flour. The present study addresses the effect of accelerated ageing on the rheological properties of wheat flour produced by freshly harvested wheat. The process of accelerated aging was performed by three different factors including rise in wheat moisture content (16, 18 and 20% w/w), control of storage temperature (30, 40 and 50°C) and control of the storage time (2, 5 and 8 days) using a central composite design. After the grain milling, rheological properties of wheat flour of different treatments were studied. Results indicated that promoting the storage time to 8 days and temperature up to 40°C could improve rheological properties such as dough stability, dough development time and farinograph quality number. This phenomenon may be due to oxidation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds resulting in increasing strength and improving flour quality. Increasing moisture content and storing in higher temperatures resulted in weakening rheological properties. 相似文献
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为给面条小麦亲本材料的筛选提供可靠依据,用SDS-PAGE和STS-PCR结合的方法鉴定了24个品种的Wx蛋白亚基组成,测定了这些品种的淀粉含量、膨胀势和RVA参数。结果表明,与正常材料相比,Wx蛋白亚基缺失材料的胚乳中直链淀粉含量减少,支链淀粉和总淀粉含量变化不明显,Wx蛋白亚基缺失的数目越多,直链淀粉含量减少得就越多,糯麦的直链淀粉含量最少。在本研究参试材料特定遗传背景干扰的情况下,在Wx蛋白的三个亚基中Wx-A1蛋白亚基对直链淀粉含量影响最大。Wx蛋白亚基的缺失还使面粉的膨胀势、RVA参数的高峰粘度、崩解值增大,峰值时间延长,而使最终粘度、回生值和糊化温度降低,Wx蛋白亚基缺失的数目越多,这些特性变化的幅度越大。在缺失单个亚基的情况下,Wx-B1亚基的缺失使小麦粉的淀粉特性表现最好。相关分析表明,直链淀粉合成数量的减少是导致上述淀粉特性发生变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2013,57(3):636-643
Air-classified wheat flour was dry-coated with microparticulated rice flour (30%, db) and/or microparticulated soybean hulls (up to 10%, db) using a hybridization system, and the physical properties of the dry-coated wheat flour were examined. The composite wheat flours exhibited the higher water-holding capacity but lower swelling power and oil-holding capacity than their counterpart mixtures. In pasting viscosity, the composites of wheat and rice flours had substantially lower values for peak viscosity and breakdown than did pure wheat flour. The incorporation of soybean hulls to the composites of wheat and rice flours further reduced the peak viscosity. The composites with rice flour and soybean hulls showed slightly higher melting (gelatinization) temperatures but lower melting enthalpy compared to the counterpart mixtures. By using the composite flours for the deep-fat fried doughnut preparation, the oil uptake could be substantially reduced by approximately 30%, in comparison to pure wheat flour or the mixture samples. The composite wheat flours with microparticulated rice flour and soybean hulls produced dough matrices with improved compactness and cell structure, which were attributed to the reduced fat uptake during frying. 相似文献
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Air-classified wheat flour was dry-coated with microparticulated rice flour (30%, db) and/or microparticulated soybean hulls (up to 10%, db) using a hybridization system, and the physical properties of the dry-coated wheat flour were examined. The composite wheat flours exhibited the higher water-holding capacity but lower swelling power and oil-holding capacity than their counterpart mixtures. In pasting viscosity, the composites of wheat and rice flours had substantially lower values for peak viscosity and breakdown than did pure wheat flour. The incorporation of soybean hulls to the composites of wheat and rice flours further reduced the peak viscosity. The composites with rice flour and soybean hulls showed slightly higher melting (gelatinization) temperatures but lower melting enthalpy compared to the counterpart mixtures. By using the composite flours for the deep-fat fried doughnut preparation, the oil uptake could be substantially reduced by approximately 30%, in comparison to pure wheat flour or the mixture samples. The composite wheat flours with microparticulated rice flour and soybean hulls produced dough matrices with improved compactness and cell structure, which were attributed to the reduced fat uptake during frying. 相似文献