共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
林下土壤种子库是森林植被的物种组成、种群延续和种群演替的物质基础。林下凋落物影响土壤种子库种子的萌发,幼苗的生长,进而影响到种群更新及森林群落的演替。凋落物对种子萌发的影响主要有三大作用机制,即物理作用机制化学作用机制、和生物作用机制。其中化学作用机制特别是化感作用对土壤种子库的影响尤其重要。本文将从这三个作用机制的层面,分析总结前人有关土壤种子库种子的萌发及其与林下凋落物、林下植被多样性的研究,论述土壤种子库研究面临的挑战,并对土壤种子库与生物多样性的研究进行了相关展望。 相似文献
3.
通过对云南普洱地区季风常绿阔叶林原始林、恢复15年及30年群落的野外调查及土壤种子库的萌发试验,探讨其土壤种子库的基本特征、变化规律及与地上植被的关系。结果表明:试验中共有1667粒种子萌发,分属30科65属76种;恢复15年群落土壤种子库密度最高,每m2达(361±69.87)粒,原始林次之,为(142.5±27.5)粒,恢复30年群落最低,为(108.33±30.01)粒;恢复30年群落土壤种子库多样性最高。种子生存策略与群落结构是土壤种子库物种组成变化的主要原因,3种群落类型土壤种子库生活型主要由草本植物组成,恢复15年群落中1年生草本植物种子密度要显著高于恢复30年群落。恢复15年与30年群落土壤种子库与地上植被相似性系数要高于原始林群落;草本层对土壤种子库物种组成的影响要高于乔木层,幼苗库物种组成则与乔木层联系更加紧密。 相似文献
4.
刘泽蒙许丽丰菲刘瑞瑶丛龙宇 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2022,(2):71-78
排土场是一种极端的生态系统,因堆放面积大且坡度陡,易造成土壤侵蚀与滑坡等地质灾害,在干旱半干旱地区的排土场,实施有效的植被修复,有助于该区域生态安全与生态稳定。为探究排土场地上植被群落特征与土壤种子库及其关系,文章采用野外植被调查与室内种子萌发试验相结合的方法,研究探讨乌海市骆驼山煤矿排土场不同植被修复模式初期,地表植被与土壤种子库特征的关系。结果表明:研究区共发现37种植物,隶属于12科34属,禾本科、豆科、藜科及菊科植物在定居群落中占据主要地位;生活型以多年生草本为主,1~2 a年生草本次之。土壤种子库共计萌发11种植物,土壤种子库密度在137~1 577粒/m^(2)之间。不同修复模式地表植被与土壤种子库相似性指数存在较大差异。 相似文献
5.
马君玲 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,(2):39-43
在沙区植被恢复研究中,植冠种子库作为沙生植物的主要特征之一逐渐体现出它独具特色的生态功能。为了探讨风沙干扰下的植冠种子库在种群繁衍过程中的作用及揭示沙生植物的适应机制,通过选择具有植冠种子库的典型沙生植物,采用实验室分析、模拟试验、野外调查等方法,系统研究植冠种子库在个体和景观尺度对种子库时空格局的影响、植冠种子库对种子萌发和幼苗出土的调节作用。结果表明,植冠种子库通过调节繁殖体传播、种子库时空格局、种子萌发和幼苗出土减缓季节性干旱、风蚀沙埋对种子供应和幼苗生成造成的威胁,提高沙生植物补员和定居的成功率。 相似文献
6.
7.
论述了国内外种子库的研究概况,对土壤种子库的种类组成、数量动态及萌发格局做了深入分析。 相似文献
8.
9.
在茂兰喀斯特森林山顶地段设置固定样地,定期观察植物的开花结实、种子雨、种子库的结构、组成及其萌发。结果表明:900m2样地内共有种子植物36种,其中21种已进入繁殖阶段,每年产生成熟种子520.9粒·m-2。种子雨量大,每年达910.3粒·m-2,其中对群落有用的成熟有效种子314.7粒·m-2。在天然萌发开始时的种子库中,有大量现存植物的活力种子,群落更新潜力很好。在天然情况下,1月上旬到5月中旬种子库中活力种子萌发。在天然萌发季节,900m2样地内每年共萌发出18种苗(7245株),当年存活幼苗2970株,群落更新良好。裸子植物华南五针松、短叶黄杉和翠柏在喀斯特山顶地段有良好的适应性,能长期稳定存在。 相似文献
10.
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献