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采用两种不同溶剂的糠醇溶液对竹材进行浸渍改性,并对改性后的竹材的力学性能、尺寸稳定性、平衡含水率及防霉性能进行测试。研究结果显示:以乙醇为溶剂的糠醇溶液改性竹材平均增重率(WPG)为5.21%,顺纹抗压强度增加37.26%,抗弯强度和模量增加不显著;平衡含水率降低25.97%;75%湿度状态到绝干状态的抗干缩系数为8.72%,物理力学性能均优于以水做溶剂的配方。经糠醇树脂改性后竹材的防霉性能改善显著,能有效减缓霉菌生长速度,经表面擦拭后,改性后的竹材表面霉变现象不显著,而对照样有明显的霉斑,糠醇树脂改性至少能有效改善竹材的防霉性能。 相似文献
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从玉米芯中提取的木聚糖用于改性竹材,提高竹材的尺寸稳定性;然后以新鲜荷叶和聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）为模板,在改性的竹材表面利用软印刷法制备类荷叶竹材表面。采用抗胀（缩）率（ASE）,阻湿率（MEE）,增重率（WPG）和增容率（B）对竹材的尺寸稳定性进行了测试,并通过水接触角（WCA）、扫描电镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）分析了类荷叶竹表面的超疏水性能和微观结构。研究发现,随着木聚糖含量的增加,改性后竹材的抗溶胀性和WPG相应增加,木聚糖对材竹的增容效果更好。木聚糖在一定程度上改善了竹子的尺寸稳定性。此外,木聚糖处理改性后的类荷叶竹各向异性和超疏水性得到显著改善。本研究为竹材尺寸稳定性及竹材疏水性改良机理的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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热处理重组竹材的吸湿平衡含水率和尺寸稳定性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《木材工业》2016,(5)
以不同温度对5年生毛竹竹束进行热处理,再热压制备重组竹,分析热处理温度对重组竹吸湿平衡含水率和尺寸稳定性的影响。结果表明:热处理可显著降低重组竹材的吸湿平衡含水率,且随着热处理温度的升高,重组竹材的吸湿平衡含水率降低,尺寸稳定性提高。 相似文献
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采用聚乙二醇处理、低分子量酚醛树脂处理、乙酰化三种处理方法对毛竹尺寸稳定性进行改进处理,研究结果表明,三种处理方法中乙酰化后竹材在密度、含水率、抗缩率上均具有良好表现,其尺寸稳定性的效果最为明显,所引起的密度增加最小。 相似文献
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基于桐油热处理的竹材理化性质研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
寻求绿色、可持续发展的改性方法来生产耐用竹材制品,是目前竹产业面临的挑战。本文将桐油热处理技术应用于竹材改性,探讨了桐油热处理过程中桐油在竹材中的渗透行为和分布,研究了桐油与热处理的协同作用对竹材化学性质、物理性质、力学性质的影响以及相互作用机制。结果表明,桐油热处理不仅可以增强竹材的疏水性能和尺寸稳定性,改善竹材的防霉性能,而且竹材可以保持其良好的力学性能。与未处理竹材相比,200℃桐油热处理后竹材的饱水膨胀率从3.17%下降至2.42%,200℃桐油热处理后竹材径切面的接触角在300 s时仍可保持在100°以上。桐油热处理后竹材性能的改善归因于竹材化学成分的变化、纤维结晶度的增加、竹材外表面和细胞腔内表面油膜的形成。因此,桐油热处技术在竹材工业改性中具有良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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大漆俗称"生漆",是我国著名特产,拥有"国漆"、"漆中之王"的美誉,具有薄而均匀、色泽柔和、平整光滑的特点。漆膜经研磨抛光处理,柔滑细腻、光亮如镜,能获得独特的装饰效果。大漆的涂饰工艺有多种,其中的透明涂饰工艺(俗称擦漆)多用于具有美丽天然纹理与优良质感的高级传统实木家具。这是一种先在制品表面涂上大漆,再用棉花球进行全面揩擦的细致复杂工艺。由于现代涂料 相似文献
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研究了竹材热压干燥过程中的水分迁移特性.结果表明:在整个干燥过程中,前期含水率降低较快,后期含水率降低较慢.竹材平均干燥速度与次表层竹材的干燥速度相近;在含水率较高的干燥初期,水分迁移的阻力在竹材表面,水分迁移主要靠毛细管张力作用;在含水率较低的干燥后期,水分迁移的阻力在竹材内部,水分迁移主要以扩散方式进行,干燥速度取决于木材内部水分移动的速度.竹材热压干燥过程中的水分移动,主要受温度梯度和含水率梯度的共同作用. 相似文献
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透明涂饰刺槐木材的色度学参数及其漆膜性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《木材工业》2016,(1)
为开发刺槐木材涂饰工艺,分别采用聚氨酯漆、丙烯酸水性漆和合成大漆,对刺槐木材漆膜色度学参数和漆膜性能进行了评价。结果表明,这三种涂料对刺槐木材均表现出良好的涂饰效果,漆膜明度均存在下降趋势(其中合成大漆下降最明显),漆膜色饱和度均增加;总体色差变幅最大为合成大漆,聚氨酯漆最小;漆膜性能均达到GB/T4893《家具表面理化性能测定法》和GB/T 15036-2009《实木地板》一级或二级要求,聚氨酯漆耐磨性、硬度最高。 相似文献
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以毛竹竹筒为研究对象,探索不同高温饱和蒸汽软化工艺(软化温度为140、150、160、170、180℃;软化时间为4、6、8 min)对展平竹板材物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:竹材经软化后平衡含水率下降,展平后平衡含水率进一步降低;竹材的径向干缩率随软化温度上升和时间延长呈下降趋势;竹材的弦向干缩率在竹材软化后随软化温度上升和时间延长呈下降趋势,而展平后的竹材在140~150℃温度范围内弦向气干干缩率下降,在150~180℃范围内上升;竹材的静曲强度(MOR)和弹性模量(MOE)在140~170℃范围内上升,170~180℃范围内下降,且软化后未展平竹材的MOR和MOE均高于展平后的竹材。可得到结论,在170℃软化工艺下,竹展平板的尺寸稳定性和力学性能较好。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献