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1.
氮是花生(Arachishypogaea)生长发育必需的大量元素之一,明确不同品种氮素利用特点,可为花生氮高效品种筛选、培育及节氮栽培提供依据。桶栽条件下,利用15N示踪技术,测定了19个花生品种产量、植株氮含量、氮素积累量及3种氮源供氮量等指标,并以供试品种的产量及氮效率平均值为基准,将品种划分为高产氮高效、高产氮低效、低产氮高效和低产氮低效4种类型,分析了4种类型品种氮素累积与利用特征。结果表明:1)不同类型花生品种氮效率存在较大差异,氮高效型品种荚果氮效率平均为25.0 kg·kg?1,比氮低效型品种平均值高13.6%。2)营养体氮含量中等的品种有利于产量和氮效率同时提高,生殖体和整株氮含量不同类型品种间差异不大;在植株有足够氮积累的前提下,提高氮向生殖体的分配比例是高产氮高效品种的基本特征。3)不同类型花生品种土壤氮和肥料氮供氮水平与氮效率一致,根瘤供氮水平与氮效率因品种产量水平而异;当氮效率相近时,根瘤供氮水平高,有利于产量形成;氮高效型土壤供氮比例略高于低效型,根瘤供氮比例与土壤供氮比例相反,土壤氮与根瘤氮有较好的补偿效应;不同类型品种肥料供氮比例相差不大。4)不同类型品种产量和氮效率与氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力高度一致,而不同类型品种间氮素生物效率差异较小。综上,不同类型花生品种产量和氮效率存在显著差异,选育产量和氮效率双高的品种不仅必要,而且可行,是未来花生节氮栽培的有效途径之一。 相似文献
2.
栽培模式、施氮量和播种密度对小麦子粒中锌、铁、锰、铜含量和携出量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用田间试验方法研究了栽培模式、播种密度和施氮量与小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)子粒中锌、铁、锰、铜含量与携出量的关系.结果表明,施用氮肥显著地提高了子粒产量,5种栽培模式中覆膜栽培表现出较大的增产效应,而增大播种密度在本试验条件下的增产作用较小;在30种处理组合下,4种微量元素在小麦子粒中含量的分布趋势均为铁＞锰＞锌＞铜,表明这些元素的含量分布主要受作物自身遗传性状的控制,而人为的栽培措施的影响是有限的,不同处理组合对子粒中铁、锰和铜的含量均有显著性影响,而对锌含量未表现出明显影响;补灌栽培与覆膜栽培相比,前者能显著提高子粒铜含量,施用N肥条件下,子粒锌、铜含量均显著高于不施N肥;覆膜栽培下铁、锰携出量高于其它4种栽培模式,施用N肥显著提高了小麦子粒中锌、铁、锰、铜携出量.此外,不同栽培模式、播种密度和施氮量下土壤中有效态锌含量的变异幅度极小. 相似文献
3.
栽培模式、施氮量和播种密度对小麦子粒中锌、铁、锰、铜含量和携出量的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用田间试验方法研究了栽培模式、播种密度和施氮量与小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）子粒中锌、铁、锰、铜含量与携出量的关系。结果表明，施用氮肥显著地提高了子粒产量，5种栽培模式中覆膜栽培表现出较大的增产效应，而增大播种密度在本试验条件下的增产作用较小；在30种处理组合下，4种微量元素在小麦子粒中含量的分布趋势均为铁〉锰〉锌〉铜，表明这些元素的含量分布主要受作物自身遗传性状的控制，而人为的栽培措施的影响是有限的，不同处理组合对子粒中铁、锰和铜的含量均有显著性影响，而对锌含量未表现出明显影响；补灌栽培与覆膜栽培相比，前者能显著提高子粒铜含量，施用N肥条件下，子粒锌、铜含量均显著高于不施N肥；覆膜栽培下铁、锰携出量高于其它4种栽培模式，施用N肥显著提高了小麦子粒中锌、铁、锰、铜携出量。此外，不同栽培模式、播种密度和施氮量下土壤中有效态锌含量的变异幅度极小。 相似文献
4.
生态环境与施氮量协同对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
【目的】铁、 锰、 铜、 锌等微量元素含量的高低不仅直接关系到小麦植株的生长发育也直接影响到小麦籽粒的营养价值。不同地区、 品种以及种植方式小麦微量元素营养品质不稳定。本试验主要研究不同生态环境与栽培措施协同对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响,以期为小麦高产优质生产提供参考。【方法】试验位于生态环境差异较大的北京、 河北任丘和河北赵县,采用裂区设计,以试验点为主区,即任丘、 北京、 赵县; 施氮量为副区,设5个氮素水平0、 90、 180、 270、 360 kg/hm2; 小麦品种为副副区,为济麦20、 皖麦38、 京冬8号、 中麦8号。收获后于每个小区中随机取样测定籽粒样品中Fe、 Mn、 Cu、 Zn等4种微量元素的含量。比较微量元素含量的差异显著性,分析不同试点生态条件与施氮量对小麦微量元素含量的影响,探讨不同生态环境下小麦微量元素含量的稳定性以及氮肥的调控补偿效应。【结果】 1）小麦籽粒中铁、 锰、 铜、 锌微量元素含量受生态环境、 栽培因素及品种遗传因素的共同作用,各试验因子均对其有显著影响。其中以生态环境的影响最大,生态环境差异越大,对小麦微量元素的影响作用越大。降水量可以影响小麦对铁和锰的吸收, 锌则受土壤有机质含量和试点纬度影响较大; 土壤中的钾可以促进小麦对铁、 锰、 铜、 锌的吸收利用。2）在0~360 kg/hm2 施氮范围内,氮肥有利于促进小麦对土壤中铁、 铜和锌的吸收,不利于锰的吸收积累。适当施用氮肥有利于缩小小麦籽粒铁、 锰、 铜元素含量的生态环境变异,提高其生态稳定性,但对锌元素试点间稳定性影响较小。施用氮肥对不同小麦品种微量元素含量差异有不同程度的调节效应,有利于缩小小麦品种间铁、 锰、 锌含量的差异。【结论】栽培环境对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响大于遗传因素,即小麦籽粒微量元素含量有较强的栽培可塑性。施氮有利于弥补生态环境或品种差异引起的微量元素含量不稳定性,调节品种差异并补偿生态环境对小麦造成的不利影响。适宜的栽培环境对提高小麦籽粒微量元素含量有明显效果。 相似文献
5.
壮秧影响不同节氮水平下早稻产量及氮肥吸收利用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
【目的】培育壮秧和施用分蘖肥是促进水稻早发的重要措施,但增施分蘖肥易导致水稻无效分蘖增加和氮素流失。研究双季稻区早稻壮秧和分蘖肥节氮条件下产量形成和氮素吸收利用特性,以期为早稻节氮控污和丰产栽培提供科学依据。【方法】以超级杂交早稻‘淦鑫203’为材料,采用壮苗育秧(状秧)和普通育秧(普秧)两种方式培育秧苗。于2014-2015年进行大田试验,设置壮秧常规施氮(VS+100%N)、节氮10%(VS–10%N)、节氮20%(VS–20%N)、节氮30%(VS–30%N) 4个处理,以普秧常规施氮(NS+100%N)处理和不施氮空白(NS+0N)处理分别作对照,共6个处理。减施的氮肥均在分蘖肥中扣除,除不施氮对照外,各处理基肥氮(72 kg/hm^2)和穗肥氮(54 kg/hm^2)均保持不变。分析早稻拔节期、齐穗期和成熟期SPAD值、光合速率、硝酸还原酶活性和各器官氮素含量,并测定成熟期水稻产量及其构成,明确了植株总氮积累量、氮素转运量、氮表观转运率、氮素利用效率等。【结果】与NS+100%N处理相比,壮秧条件下分蘖肥节氮10%~30%对叶片SPAD值和光合速率无显著影响,但壮秧能促进分蘖发生和成穗,在生育中后期可逐渐弥补分蘖肥节氮对分蘖期干物质积累的不利影响,成熟期VS–10%N和VS–20%N处理干物质积累量较对照NS+100%N增加,产量分别增加了8.5%和1.5%;VS–30%N处理干物质积累量和产量则呈下降趋势。同时,壮秧有利于提高早稻叶片硝酸还原酶活性、各器官氮含量和氮积累量,与NS+100%N处理相比,VS+100%N处理成熟期氮素积累量显著增加了6.9%,VS–10%N和VS–20%N处理无显著变化,VS–30%N处理显著下降了9.7%。壮秧处理氮素回收率和氮素农学效率较NS+100%N处理分别显著提高了12.1%~22.4%和9.9%~24.7%(P <0.05)。【结论】双季稻区早稻壮秧可以促进分蘖早发,提高叶片的干物质生产能力和氮代谢性能,弥补分蘖肥减氮后对水稻前期生长的不利影响,提高后期的干物质生产量和氮运转量。通过培育壮秧,分蘖肥减施总施氮量的20%以内,早稻产量不会下降,可实现水稻的节氮、丰产和节本栽培,有利于提高氮素利用效率和减少氮素流失对环境的污染。 相似文献
6.
滴灌减氮对植烟土壤无机氮变化及烟株氮积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确滴灌施肥条件下减量施氮对土壤无机氮变化特征、烟株氮积累规律的影响,于2016年在登封进行了田间试验,试验共设置5个处理:T0:不施氮肥;T1:常规施肥;T2:减氮15%;T3:减氮30%;T4:减氮45%。分析了0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层无机氮含量及烟株氮积累量变化,并对0~20 cm土层无机氮含量拟合曲线及烟株氮积累拟合曲线特征值进行分析。结果表明,滴灌施肥能够显著提高栽后40、50 d时0~20 cm土层无机氮含量,显著降低栽后50 d时40~60 cm土层无机氮含量;减氮15%~30%对烟叶产量、生育期内烟株氮素积累量均无显著影响,减氮45%烟叶产量、烟株氮积累量、烟叶氮积累量分别显著下降11.52%、10.53%、10.50%;氮肥农学效率(NAE)、氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)均以T4处理最高,且随施氮量增加逐渐下降,氮肥表观利用率(ARE)以T3处理最高,氮收获指数(NHI)、氮肥生理利用率(NPE)与施氮量间无明显关系。减施氮肥土壤无机氮下降持续时间及烟株氮素快速增长时间会延长,无机氮最大下降速率及烟株最大氮积累速率降低,不利于烟株氮素快速积累。因此,综合考虑认为,在该地区条件下,滴灌施肥减氮15%~30%有利于氮肥高效应用。 相似文献
7.
施氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量和加工品质的影响 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
为了明确施氮量与不同品质类型小麦的产量和品质的关系,选用强筋小麦济麦20、 皖麦38和中筋小麦京冬8、 中麦8共2种品质类型4个小麦品种,研究了施氮量对其产量性状和加工品质的影响。结果表明,在施氮量N 0-360 kg/hm2的范围内,增加氮肥用量可以有效缓解叶绿素降解,抑制旗叶全氮含量降低,缓解叶片衰老,延长旗叶功能期; 强筋小麦品种比中筋小麦品种旗叶叶绿素含量和氮素含量下降缓慢。子粒产量和蛋白质产量随施氮量的增加逐渐提高,施氮N 270 kg/hm2时达到最大值,增加到360 kg/hm2时子粒产量和蛋白质产量均开始下降。强筋小麦蛋白质产量和子粒产量高,中筋小麦穗数、 穗粒数多,千粒重高。施氮有利于子粒出粉率、 硬度、 蛋白质含量和沉降值的提高。施氮N 180 kg/hm2时可以显著延长面团形成时间和稳定时间,降低吸水率,面包总体评分最高。强筋小麦硬度大,蛋白质含量、 出粉率和沉降值高,面团形成时间和稳定时间长,面包体积大、 评分高。 相似文献
8.
不同氮素利用效率小麦品种的氮效率相关生理参数研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在不同氮处理条件下,研究了不同氮效率小麦品种的子粒产量、植株氮含量和植株氮累积量及氮效率相关的生理参数。结果表明,在低氮处理（LN）下,氮高效品种沧核036较氮低效品种衡6599具有较高的子粒产量、植株氮含量和植株氮累积量,其产量比对照的下降幅度也明显小于衡6599;单位面积穗数的大幅减少是衡6599产量明显下降的主导因素。在LN条件下,沧核036在挑旗期、开花期和灌浆期,植株上部三片展开叶均具有较高的硝酸还原酶（NR）、亚硝酸还原酶（NIR）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性,以及较高的光合色素含量和可溶蛋白含量;生育后期该品种的气孔导度和光合速率也高于衡6599。在LN条件下,叶片的可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量以衡6599较高;各测定时期的丙二醛含量,沧核036也低于衡6599,但SOD活性在两品种间差异较小。表明LN条件下,氮高效品种沧核036表现的氮高效特征,是其具有较强的氮素吸收和同化能力;较高SOD活性,缓解了细胞的膜脂过氧化程度;光合色素含量增加和光合暗反应活性增强,使光合碳同化能力提高的综合作用结果。 相似文献
9.
减氮条件下高产水稻品种的产量形成和氮素利用特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探索通过品种改良实现在减少施氮的条件下维持水稻高产的可行性,明确减氮高产品种特征,本研究于2015-2016年在较当地高产高效栽培减氮三分之一(施氮量120 kg·hm-2)的条件下,以粤晶丝苗2号为对照,分析了晶两优华占、盛泰优722、丰田优553、五优308、粤晶丝苗2号、4HD005、川优丝苗、恒丰优7011、国优9113、云氮4号、9311A/R672、荃香优6号、华润2号、五山丝苗、天优华占、深优513、两优336、春两优油占、盛泰优018、聚两优751共20个水稻品种的产量及其构成、分蘖动态、物质生产、源库特性和氮素吸收利用。结果表明,参试水稻品种间产量差异显著(P<0.01),2015年和2016年分别为4.99~7.18 t·hm-2和6.22~7.73 t·hm-2;产量较对照高10%以上的品种为2015年的晶两优华占、盛泰优722、丰田优553、五优308、恒丰优7011、国优9113、9311A/R672和荃香优6号,以及2016年的晶两优华占、盛泰优722、丰田优553、天优华占、深优513和聚两优751,其中晶两优华占(两年)、国优9113、荃香优6号、深优513和聚两优751的产量均超过7.00 t·hm-2,且较对照高20%以上,表明通过品种改良实现减氮高产是可行的。在减氮条件下,水稻产量与总生物量、库容量均呈显著正相关,而与产量构成因子、单位面积茎蘖数、不同阶段物质积累量及叶源大小均无显著相关性。减氮条件下,高产水稻品种的总吸氮量不高,但其氮素籽粒生产效率较高,表明生物量大、库容量大、氮素籽粒生产效率高是减氮高产水稻品种的重要特征。本研究结果为减氮高产水稻品种的选育提供了参考依据。 相似文献
10.
不同施氮时期对冬小麦子粒蛋白质组分及其动态变化的影响 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12
2002～2003年在新疆乌鲁木齐和昌吉两个试验点,进行新疆不同栽培条件下氮肥施用时期对冬小麦子粒产量和蛋白质组分变化的研究。试验结果表明,在氮肥施用量一定的情况下,拔节期施氮处理小麦产量显著高于返青期和孕穗期施氮的处理,说明拔节期施氮有利于实现小麦高产。在新疆冬小麦栽培条件下,随施氮时期后移,子粒清蛋白和球蛋白含量有所减少,而醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白的含量增加;孕穗期施氮可以明显提高子粒麦谷蛋白的含量,有利于小麦加工品质的改善。不同施氮时期对小麦产量和品质的影响不同,施氮时期后移能提高小麦子粒的麦谷/醇溶比值;但不同品种在不同地区种植,其施氮时期后移的效应存在一定的差异。 相似文献
11.
Yi-Min Gao 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(3):473-483
Nutrient supply is important for yield and quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) crop production. A controlled study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) supply and their interactions on yield and accumulation of four microelements in canola grain. Results showed that seed yield increased 1.45 to 5 times by increasing N and up to 24.4% by increasing P supply, with significant N-by-P interactions. Nitrogen-by-Zn interaction also exhibited large effects on grain metal concentrations, with increased iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) as increasing N supply, and decreased Mn concentration at all N supply levels above 0 N. Zinc concentration was decreased at low N and increased at high N levels compared to 0 N. Increasing P supply reduced grain Fe and Zn accumulations, but had no effect on Mn and Cu. Overall, this study revealed that canola yield and micronutrient accumulations can be improved by appropriate nutrient supply. 相似文献
12.
Increasing zinc (Zn) concentration of cereal grains is a global challenge to alleviate Zn deficiency‐related health problems in humans caused by low dietary Zn intake. This study investigated the effects of soil‐ and foliar‐applied nitrogen (N) and Zn fertilizers on grain Zn accumulation of durum wheat (Triticum durum) grown on a Zn‐deficient soil. In addition, localization of Zn and protein within durum wheat grain was studied by using Bradford reagent for protein and dithizone (diphenyl thiocarbazone) for Zn. Grain Zn concentration was greatly enhanced by soil or foliar applications of Zn. When Zn supply was adequately high, both soil and foliar N applications improved grain Zn concentration. Consequently, there was a significant positive correlation between grain concentrations of Zn and N, when Zn supply was not limiting. Protein and Zn staining studies showed co‐localization of Zn and protein within grain, particularly in the embryo and aleurone. Results indicate that N and Zn fertilization have a synergistic effect on grain Zn concentration. Possibly, increasing N supply contributes to grain Zn concentration by affecting the levels of Zn‐chelating nitrogenous compounds or the abundance of Zn transporters. Our results suggest that nitrogen management can be an effective agronomic tool to improve grain Zn concentration. 相似文献
13.
Nidhi Rawat Vijay K. Tiwari Neelam Singh Gursharn S. Randhawa Kuldeep Singh Parveen Chhuneja Harcharan S. Dhaliwal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(1):53-64
Grains of 80 accessions of nine species of wild Triticum and Aegilops along with 15 semi-dwarf cultivars of bread and durum wheat grown over 2 years at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee,
were analyzed for grain iron and zinc content. The bread and durum cultivars had very low content and little variability for
both of these micronutrients. The related non-progenitor wild species with S, U and M genomes showed up to 3–4 folds higher
iron and zinc content in their grains as compared to bread and durum wheat. For confirmation, two Ae. kotschyi Boiss. accessions were analyzed after ashing and were found to have more than 30% higher grain ash content than the wheat
cultivars containing more than 75% higher iron and 60% higher zinc than that of wheat. There were highly significant differences
for iron and zinc contents among various cultivars and wild relatives over both the years with very high broad sense heritability.
There was a significantly high positive correlation between flag leaf iron and grain iron (r = 0.82) and flag leaf zinc and grain zinc (r = 0.92) content of the selected donors suggesting that the leaf analysis could be used for early selection for high iron
and zinc content. ‘Chinese Spring’ (Ph
I
) was used for inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing between Aegilops and wheat genomes and transferring these useful traits from the wild species to the elite wheat cultivars. A majority of
the interspecific hybrids had higher leaf iron and zinc content than their wheat parents and equivalent or higher content
than their Aegilops parents suggesting that the parental Aegilops donors possess a more efficient system for uptake and translocation of the micronutrients which could ultimately be utilized
for wheat grain biofortification. Partially fertile to sterile BC1 derivatives with variable chromosomes of Aegilops species had also higher leaf iron and zinc content confirming the possibility of transfer of required variability. Some of
the fertile BC1F3 and BC2F2 derivatives had as high grain ash and grain ash iron and zinc content as that of the donor Aegilops parent. Further work on backcrossing, selfing, selection of fertile derivatives, leaf and grain analyses for iron and zinc
for developing biofortified bread and durum wheat cultivars is in progress.
Nidhi Rawat, Vijay K. Tiwari, and Neelam Singh have contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
14.
【目的】北方石灰性土壤碳酸钙含量、p H高等因素制约了小麦对锌的吸收,但由于交换性钙含量高,这一地区作物钙锌营养及其相互作用的研究一直缺乏。本研究通过冬小麦盆栽试验,研究石灰性土壤上不同氯化钙用量对冬小麦生长及钙锌吸收利用的影响,初步探索冬小麦钙锌的相互作用。【方法】选取西北农林科技大学农作一站麦田耕层0—20 cm的土壤进行冬小麦盆栽试验。设5个处理,在施N 0.3 g/kg、P2O50.2 g/kg、K2O 0.3 g/kg土基础上,以氯化钙为钙肥,设施Ca 0、0.3、0.6、0.9和1.2 g/kg土5个水平,每个处理4次重复,完全随机区组设计。供试品种为小偃22,2010年10月15日播种。在收获期采集小麦地上部,分别测定茎叶、颖壳和籽粒烘干重及其钙、锌的含量,收获后土壤p H、交换性钙及有效锌的含量,并计算冬小麦钙、锌累积量及钙、锌收获指数。试验数据采用Excel软件进行计算处理,DPS软件进行方差分析。【结果】小麦籽粒产量和地上部生物量随氯化钙用量升高而增加,施Ca 0.6、0.9和1.2 g/kg时小麦地上部生物量显著提高9.8%17.5%,籽粒产量在施Ca 0.9和1.2g/kg时分别显著增加10.7%和22.7%。施用氯化钙显著提高了小麦茎叶和颖壳中的钙含量,茎叶钙含量在施Ca0.9和1.2 g/kg时分别较对照显著提高53%和68%,颖壳钙含量在施Ca 0.6、0.9和1.2 g/kg时分别显著增加34%、36%和51%,籽粒钙含量无显著变化。整株钙累积量随施钙量的提高显著增加38.6%91.4%。施Ca 0.9和1.2 g/kg,籽粒锌含量显著增加,分别由对照的33.7 mg/kg提高到42.0和41.6 mg/kg。整株锌累积量随施钙量提高而显著增加,施Ca 1.2 g/kg时最高,比对照提高47.0%。收获后土壤交换性钙、有效锌含量无显著差异,但施Ca 0.9和1.2 g/kg时土壤p H分别由对照的8.16降低至7.93和7.97。【结论】发现盆栽试验条件下,石灰性土壤适量施用氯化钙可促进小麦干物质形成,增加籽粒产量;整株吸钙量随施钙量的提高显著增加,但不影响籽粒钙含量;施用氯化钙显著降低了土壤p H,同时促进了小麦对锌的吸收以及向籽粒的转移。该结果可为理解石灰性土壤中锌的活化机制,促进作物对锌的吸收利用提供参考。 相似文献
15.
Sayedeh Saba Bilgrami Saadollah Houshmand Mahdi Kadivar Baratali Fakheri Vahid Shariati 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(3):331-346
Micronutrient deficiency is one of the most common and widespread nutritional issues. Among the factors mitigating the bioavailability of Zn (zinc) and Fe (iron), phytic acid plays a key role; therefore, in order to scrutinize genetic alterations ?related to micronutrient and phytate contents, we examined the concentrations of zinc, iron, and phytic acid, as well as its mole ratio to ?zinc in various wheat species grown in two planting seasons. The concentrations of phytic acid and its mole ratio to zinc were 0.61?1.55 g kg?1 dry weight and 1.88?4.17 for autumn, and 0.97?2.02 g kg?1 dry weight and 2.10?4.05 for spring planting. There was a significant discrepancy among wheat species; tritipyrum had the highest concentration of iron, phytic acid and its mole ratio to zinc, and T. monococcum and T. aestivum recorded reasonable zinc bioavailability. Correlation studies between grain phytic acid concentrations and other measured traits revealed various relationships, denoting an irrefutable impact of planting season and wheat ploidy levels on modification of wheat genotypes. The characters contributing more positively with principal component (PC) 1 were Zn and Fe under spring planting and Fe under autumn planting. Spike number per square meter, biological yield and grain yield in spring cultivation, and grain zinc concentration in autumn cultivation were positively correlated to principal component (PC) 2. Given that the concentration of Fe and Zn in all the studied genotypes is relatively high and due to the existence of other desirable agronomic traits, this study believes that it could possibly enhance the applicability of some of these genotypes for breeding purposes. 相似文献
16.
Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, so increasing Zn concentrations in crops is a challenging and high-priority research task. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on Zn absorption and translocation in winter wheat during the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 crop seasons, in Xinzheng City, Henan Province, China. N was applied at four levels (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha?1) and Zn was applied at two levels (15 and 30 kg zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) ha?1]. The results indicated that reasonable N application increased grain yield, total Zn accumulations, and Zn concentrations of each plant part of winter wheat. Furthermore, appropriate N application increased Zn distribution proportions in grains and decreased Zn distribution proportions in roots, stems, leaves, and spikes, and enhanced Zn removal from roots, stems, leaves, and spikes to grains. Meanwhile, reasonable N combined with higher Zn application had a better effect on Zn absorption and Zn translocation to grain of winter wheat. The results suggested that suitable quantity of N fertilizer combined with higher Zn application is an important measure to obtain both higher grain yield and grain Zn concentration in winter wheat production. 相似文献
17.
Nitrogen (N) is critical for micronutrient biofortification in wheat grain and is essential for a series of nitrogenous compounds biosynthesis. This study aims to assess the role of improved N supply in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) enrichment and expression of genes related to Zn and Fe chelation and transport in winter wheat. Potting and hydroponic culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of increasing N application on Zn and Fe uptake and translocation from roots to leaves and the temporal and spatial gene expression profiles of the NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE (NAS) genes in wheat. Plants were grown with low, medium and high N supply levels. The results showed that higher N application increased Fe and Zn content in leaves, and decreased Fe and Zn content in root compared with the lower N supply. High N application also increased the distribution of Fe and Zn from roots to leaves. Expression analysis showed that increased N application resulted in up-regulation of two wheat NAS genes, TaNAS1 and TaNAS2. Highly positive response between NAS genes and increasing N application indicated that abundance nicotianamine (NA) resulted from highly expressed NAS genes might involve in the chelation of Fe and Zn in the phloem and favor Fe and Zn uptake and accumulation in wheat leaves. 相似文献
18.
离体培养下锌对春小麦子粒形成及干物质积累的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用离体穗培养技术研究了锌对春小麦后期生长及产量的影响。结果表明,在Zn2+浓度为6.mmol/L的处理小麦的生长发育状况最好,其旗叶内叶绿素含量、倒一节长度、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重以及穗的干重与对照相比差异均达到显著或极显著水平;倒二节长度和小花数与对照的差异不显著。低锌和锌过量(Zn2+浓度为0.3和300mmol/L)条件下,小麦的生长发育受阻,各项性状指标均低于对照,不利于产量的提高;而且锌过量不但降低产量还造成锌肥的浪费和环境污染。 相似文献
19.
Influence of cultivar and phosphorus application on P concentration and acid phosphatase activity in wheat and barley. — A contribution to the diagnosis of P supply of plants — Acid phosphatase activity compared to total P concentration was studied as a diagnostic criterion of the phosphorus nutritional status of wheat and barley. In a field experiment with wheat cv ‘Sperber’ the influence of P level on Pase activity and P concentration was monitored at four developmental stages. Significant correlations with grain yield were found for Pase activity at all four stages whereas P concentration was significantly correlated with grain yield in the early stage (DC 26–27) only. Genetic variability and influence of P supply on Pase activity and P concentration was studied at low and at high P supply with 9 wheat and 23 barley cultivars grown for 4 and 5 weeks in pot experiments. The variability of Pase activity caused by cultivars was higher than that caused by P supply. It is, therefore, concluded that the acid phosphatase activity is not suitable as a generally applicable tool for diagnosing P supply. In comparison, total P concentration of the plants was influenced to a higher degree by P supply than by cultivars. Total P is, therefore, more suitable as a criterion for diagnosing P supply of plants than Pase activity. The samples, though, have to be collected in stages before DC 27. 相似文献
20.
小麦/蚕豆间作条件下小麦的氮、钾营养对小麦白粉病的影响 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14
通过小麦/蚕豆间作盆栽试验,研究比较了单作和间作条件下不同氮、钾营养水平对小麦氮、钾养分吸收和小麦白粉病发生的影响。结果表明:小麦蚕豆间作提高小麦子粒产量74.7%～133.9%,低氮条件下,间作提高小麦氮吸收量14.7%～169%;在高氮条件下,间作提高氮吸收量的优势降低;间作提高小麦钾吸收量32%～69%,增施钾肥提高小麦钾吸收量25.5%～57.3%。小麦间作蚕豆能明显减轻小麦白粉病的发生,间作平均防效达42.1%～83.1%;小麦白粉病的发生与小麦茎叶的氮吸收量呈显著正相关关系,r=0.623*～0.702*.*。 相似文献