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1.
添加秸秆碳源对土壤微生物生物量和原生动物丰富度的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了研究引入秸秆碳源对根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)病害严重土壤中微生物生物量和原生动物的影响, 以番茄为供试作物, 设置4个梯度的小麦秸秆添加量[CK(0 g·kg-1), 1N(2.08 g·kg-1)、2N(4.16 g·kg-1)和4N(8.32 g·kg-1)], 研究不同种植时间(6个月和4个月)下土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和原生动物丰度的变化。研究结果表明: 添加秸秆对微生物生物量碳、氮和原生动物丰富度有明显促进作用, 添加的秸秆量越多, 这种促进作用越明显。不同秸秆添加量处理中, 微生物生物量碳、氮和原生动物丰度为: 4N>2N>1N>CK。秸秆对原生动物的群落结构也有显著影响, 在各处理中, 鞭毛虫和肉足虫占有绝大比例, 分别占总丰度的29.44%和66.19%, 纤毛虫仅占4.37%。在相同添加秸秆量条件下, 土壤原生动物丰度随种植时间的延长而提高, 而微生物生物量碳、氮量随种植时间的延长而降低。而在种植时间相同条件下, 随着秸秆量的增加土壤微生物生物量碳、氮量和微生物生物量碳氮比和原生动物总丰度相应增加。 相似文献
2.
不同蔬菜生产模式对日光温室土壤质量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
有机农业作为常规农业的一种替代模式,其对土壤及作物的影响研究逐渐受到学术界的关注。该文通过对日光温室有机、无公害和常规生产模式的比较试验,分析有机生产模式对土壤养分、土壤微生物碳氮以及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,经过6年的试验,有机生产模式可显著提高土壤全碳、全氮含量以及土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,并提高土壤主要酶的活性,各项指标均表现为有机模式优于无公害模式优于常规模式。有机生产模式能够显著提高土壤质量,有利于土壤的可持续利用。3种生产模式下夏茬番茄产量有机模式高于无公害模式高于常规模式,且随着种植年限的增加有机模式秋茬作物产量呈增加趋势。 相似文献
3.
《水土保持学报》2015,(5)
通过沼液浇灌人工草地定位试验,研究浇灌不同浓度梯度沼液下土壤可溶性无机氮、可溶性有机氮、可溶性有机碳、微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)、细菌16SrDNA基因、真菌SSU rDNA基因、固氮菌nifH基因丰度及细菌、真菌、固氮菌群落多样性的变化。结果表明,人工草地土壤可溶性氮以有机氮为主,占可溶性总氮含量的77.87%~88.88%,沼液浇灌使人工草地土壤可溶性有机氮含量呈增加趋势,但这种变化未达到显著水平;沼液浇灌能显著提高SMBN、SMBC和MQ,还能显著增加细菌16SrDNA基因和真菌SSU rDNA基因的丰度,降低固氮菌nifH基因的丰度,但对细菌、真菌和固氮菌多样性无显著影响,表明沼液短期浇灌可促进土壤微生物的繁殖,但对微生物群落构成无显著影响;沼液与SMBC、细菌16SrDNA基因丰度、真菌SSU rDNA基因丰度之间显著正相关,SON与土壤真菌SSUrDNA基因丰度显著正相关,与固氮菌nifH基因丰度显著负相关(p0.05)。 相似文献
4.
以大棚黄瓜根区土壤为研究对象,测定了不同施肥方式下温室黄瓜地土壤微生物3大类群和主要功能群组成及土壤微生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC),研究了温室中不同施肥方式对黄瓜根区土壤微生物组成及土壤MBC(土壤微生物生物量碳)的影响,探讨了微生物发酵有机肥对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量由高到低的顺序依次为:发酵肥>发酵肥+50%化肥>常规施肥>普通有机肥>CK;土壤微生物综合指标Shannon-Wiener指数以生物发酵肥最高;氨化细菌、固氮菌及纤维素分解菌数量以生物发酵肥最高,硝化细菌数量以发酵肥+50%化肥处理最高;生物发酵肥和发酵肥+50%化肥两处理的MBC均显著高于常规施肥。施用微生物发酵有机肥可显著增加土壤微生物数量及微生物的群落多样性,并有助于提高土壤综合肥力。 相似文献
5.
鼎湖山不同植被类型下土壤肉足虫群落结构的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解不同植被类型下土壤原生动物群落的特征,采用定性和定量培养法,对采自鼎湖山国家级自然保护区内沟谷常绿阔叶林(A点)、河岸常绿阔叶林(B点)、温带季风常绿阔叶林(C点)、针阔叶混交林(D点)、针叶林-马尾松林(E点)、山地常绿阔叶林(F点)和山顶灌草丛(G点)7种植被下土壤样品中肉足虫的群落组成和数量进行了观察和统计;并借助"普遍分布模型(ubiquity model)"和"生物地理模型(biogeography model)"理论,探讨了土壤原生动物在较小范围内的分布模式。结果显示:在所有土壤样品中,共检出20属31种土壤肉足虫,其中Centropyxis和Nebela属出现的物种数最多(各有3种);在全部肉足虫种类中,有8种出现在4个土壤样点中,它们分别是Amoeba sp.、Centropyxis compressa、Difflugia globulosa、D.gramen、Lamtopyxis sp.、Nebela dentistoma、Trinema enchelys和T.lineare。对比分析显示:不同植被下的土壤肉足虫群落组成呈一定差异,F点土壤中肉足虫最多(15种),G点土壤中最少(9种);不同植被类型下土壤肉足虫群落的丰度差别很大,最高出现在F点中(29 200 ind./g),最低出现在G点中(3 510 ind./g)。群落相似性比较显示:各样点的土壤肉足虫群落处于中等不相似(0.25~0.5)到中等相似(0.5~0.75)的水平。聚类分析表明,A点与F点的土壤肉足虫群落相似性最高;B点与G点的土壤肉足虫群落相似性也较高;D点与其他5个样点的相似性相对较低。单因子相关性分析显示土壤含水量与肉足虫丰度间有极显著的相关性(P0.01),而土壤中NO_3~–-N与肉足虫丰度间有显著的相关性(P0.05);多元相关分析表明,鼎湖山土壤肉足虫丰度变化与多个土壤理化因子组合间存在相关性,以(pH+含水量)组合与土壤肉足虫丰度的相关性最大。CCA分析显示不同的土壤理化因子对肉足虫某具体种的作用存有差异。因此,鼎湖山自然保护区土壤肉足虫的分布更符合"生物地理模型"。 相似文献
6.
基于宏基因组学方法分析施肥模式对设施菜田土壤微生物群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
7.
为明确菜-菌轮作模式对土壤微生物的影响,基于高通量测序技术,对4种轮作模式下的土壤微生物群落结构与多样性进行了研究,结果显示：不同轮作模式下土壤样品中真菌和细菌OUT总数分别是2298和15840条,相较于常规轮作模式A,菜-菌轮作模式B、C、D下真菌的OUT总数、ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数降低显著,Simpson指数增加明显,但细菌的各参数没有显著的差异;其土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、有机质含量显著高于常规轮作模式A;真菌的优势群落是子囊菌门,相对丰度在66%以上,枝孢属、镰刀菌属两类致病菌群的丰度在菜-菌轮作模式B、C、D中降低明显;细菌的优势群落是变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门以及酸杆菌门,鞘氨醇单胞菌属、伯克霍尔德氏菌属丰度在菜-菌轮作模式B、C、D中显著提高;聚类分析表明菜-菌轮作模式C、D下微生物群落结构相似度最高,常规轮作模式A可划分为区别于菜-菌轮作模式B、C、D的单独类群。综上所述,菜-菌轮作可降低真菌群落丰度,改变土壤微生物群落的结构组成,同时提高土壤中有益菌群的丰度,降低有害菌群的丰度。 相似文献
8.
有机种植对温室土壤肥力质量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用中国农业大学曲周实验站温室有机种植长期定位试验,研究了不同种植模式下3种土壤物理指标、9种土壤化学指标和4种土壤生物指标,并运用主成分分析方法,对不同种植模式下土壤肥力质量进行综合评分。结果表明:①相比于无公害和常规种植,有机种植有利于降低温室土壤容重,提高温室土壤含水量,温室土壤水稳性大团聚体高达58.02%,改善了温室土壤物理环境条件;②有机种植提高了温室土壤有机质及氮、磷、钾养分含量,对温室土壤pH和EC值影响不大,但增加了温室土壤阳离子交换量,有利于提高温室土壤的保水保肥能力;③相比于无公害和常规种植,有机种植土壤微生物碳含量分别提高了32.84%、109.30%,同时增强了温室土壤脲酶、磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶活性,有利于温室土壤微生物多样性提高;④通过对16个土壤肥力质量指标进行主成分分析,3个主成分累计贡献率达91.052%,主成分综合评分能更敏感反映土壤质量变化,本试验中有机种植、无公害种植和常规种植的主成分综合评分分别为1.514、0.099和–1.613,表明有机种植显著提高了温室土壤的肥力质量。 相似文献
9.
生物质炭对盆栽黑麦草生长的影响及机理 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过盆栽试验,采用实时定量PCR和微孔板荧光法,分别研究了生物质炭添加对太湖地区农田土壤黑麦草生长、微生物群落丰度和酶活性的影响。结果表明:生物质炭添加量为4%(炭/土质量比)处理显著提高了土壤p H、有机碳、全氮、碳氮比、速效钾含量及黑麦草生物量;提高了土壤细菌、古菌和固氮菌nif H基因拷贝数,而对真菌无影响;提高了β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维二糖水解酶、木糖苷酶、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性。微生物丰度(除真菌外)与多数土壤酶活性(除亮氨酸氨基肽酶)均成显著正相关。因此,生物质炭可增加土壤矿质养分,提高主要微生物类群和功能菌的丰度及土壤碳、氮和磷转化酶活性,这可能是施用生物质炭提升农田土壤养分转化功能和生产力的主要原因。 相似文献
10.
香蕉枯萎病由病原真菌尖孢镰刀菌4号生理小种引起,其根际微生物组是抵御病原菌入侵的关键屏障。根际原生动物群落在根际微生物群落调控以及植物健康方面有不可忽视的作用。利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析连作蕉园中植株发病前后根际土壤原生动物群落特征变化以及其与病原菌的相互关系。结果表明：相较于可培养细菌与真菌,原生动物的数量对病原菌的种群数量变化的影响更大;根际原生动物的群落多样性与丰富度都随植株生长而降低,且在发病植株中更低;抽蕾前后的健康与发病植株中根际原生动物群落结构存在显著差异;总体而言,吞噬型原生动物的相对丰度显著高于其他功能类型的原生动物,且在健康与发病植株中差异显著;吞噬型原生动物中与病原菌具有显著相关性的多为丝足虫门;在抽蕾期的健康植株中,丝足虫门的高丰度属中Group-Te与Cercomonas属与病原菌呈显著负相关;在抽蕾期的患病植株中,相对丰度较高的植物致病型原生动物Pythium属与病原菌呈显著正相关。综上所述,根际土壤中原生动物对病原菌的影响较大,在植株生长过程中,原生动物的群落特征发生改变,且在发病与健康植株中存在差异。与病原菌具有显著负相关的吞噬型原生动物,尤其是丝足虫门的部分高丰度属,可能会在防控香蕉枯萎病上产生一定潜力。 相似文献
11.
土壤氮有效性在细菌路径中的响应? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
V. KRIVTSOV B. S. GRIFFITHS K. LIDDELL A. GARSIDE R. SALMOND T. BEZGINOVA J. THOMPSON 《土壤圈》2011,21(1):26-30
Measurements of concentrations of easily extractable soil nitrogen(N) were carried out on samples collected at the Heron Wood Reserve,Scotland,concurrently with investigations of N associated with total microbial biomass and the abundances of bacteria,fungi,and invertebrates.Soil biota at the studied site appeared to be limited by N.There was a remarkable difference between the ambient(i.e.,easily extractable N) and biomass nitrogen.The abundance data of bacteria,protozoa and nematodes significantly negatively correlated with ambient N but showed positive correlations with the total microbial N content.There were,however,remarkable differences between the correlation patterns exhibited by the fungal and the bacterial pathways,as fungi did not show any correlations with chemical variables.These differences should be taken into account whilst interpreting biological interactions both at this important site and elsewhere. 相似文献
12.
As a key component of desert ecosystems, biological soil crusts (BSCs) play an important role in dune fixation and maintaining soil biota. Soil microbial properties associated with the colonization and development of BSCs may indicate soil quality changes, particularly following dune stabilization. However, very little is known about the influence of BSCs on soil microbes in sand dunes. We examined the influence of BSCs on soil microbial biomass and community composition in revegetated areas of the Tengger Desert. BSCs increased soil microbial biomass (biomass C and N), microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations and the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs. The effects varied with crust type and crust age. Moss crusts had higher microbial biomass and microbial PLFA concentrations than cyanobacteria-lichen crusts. Crust age was positively correlated with microbial biomass C and N, microbial PLFA concentrations, bacterial PLFA concentrations, fungal PLFA concentrations and the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs. BSCs significantly affected microbial biomass C and N in the 0–20 cm soil layers, showing a significant negative correlation with soil depth. The study demonstrated that the colonization and development of BSCs was beneficial for soil microbial properties and soil quality in the revegetated areas. This can be attributed to BSCs increasing topsoil thickness after dunes have been stabilized, creating suitable habitats and providing an essential food source for soil microbes. 相似文献
13.
Evaluation of microbial methods as potential indicators of soil quality in historical agricultural fields 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
D. Jordan R. J. Kremer W. A. Bergfield K. Y. Kim V. N. Cacnio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1995,19(4):297-302
In agricultural ecosystems that have had consistent cropping histories, standard microbial methods may be used to evaluate past and present practices. Our objective was to evaluate several microbial methods that best indicate cropping histories and soil quality on long-term plots. We selected soil microbial carbon (C), phospholipid analyses, direct counts of total fungal and bacterial biomass, and soil enzymes (phosphatases) to measure direct and indirect microbial activity on the Sanborn Field and Tucker Prairie. The Sanborn Field has been under various cropping and management practices since 1888 and the Tucker Prairie is an uncultivated site. Seven different plots were chosen on the Sanborn Field and random samples were taken in the summit area on the Tucker Prairie, which represented a reference site. Soil microbial biomass C, phospholipids, and enzyme activity were reflective of the cropping and management histories observed on the Sanborn Field. Enzymatic activity was highly correlated to soil organic matter. The direct counts of fungal and bacterial biomass showed that fungal populations dominated these soils, which may be attributed to soil pH. Soil microbial biomass C and enzyme assays seemed to be better potential indicators of cropping histories than the other methods tested in the long-term plots.This paper has been assigned by the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station to Journal Series no. 12043 相似文献
14.
Soil samples at 0--10 cm in depth were collected periodically at paired fields in Corvallis, Oregon, USA to compare differences in soil microbial and faunal populations between organic and conventional agroecosystems Results showed that the organic soil ecosystem had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) average number or biomass of soil bacteria; densities of flagellates, amoebae of protozoa; some nematodes, such as microbivorous and predaceous nematodes and plant-parasitic nematodes; as well as Collembola. Greater numbers of Rhabditida (such as Rhabditis spp.), were present in the organic soil ecosystem while Panagrolaimus spp. Were predominant in the conventional soil ecosystem. The omnivores and predators of Acarina in the Mesostigmata (such as Digamasellidae and Laelapid), and Prostigmata (such as Alicorhaiidae and Rhagidiidae), were also more abundant in the organic soil ecosystem. However, fungivorous Prostigmata (such as Terpnacaridae and Nanorchestidae) and Astigmata (such as Acarida) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the conventional soil ecosystem, which supported the finding that total fungal biomass was greater in the conventional soil ecosystem. Seansonal variations of the population depended mostly on soil moisture condition and food web relationship. The population declined from May to October for both agroecosystems. However, higher diversities and densities of soil biota survived occurred in the organic soil ecosystem in the dry season. 相似文献
15.
Valdinar B. Santos Ademir S.F. Araújo Luiz F.C. Leite Luís A.P.L. Nunes Wanderley J. Melo 《Geoderma》2012
The aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil microbial biomass and organic matter fractions during the transition from conventional to organic farming in a tropical soil. Soil samples were collected from three different plots planted with Malpighia glaba: conventional plot with 10 years (CON); transitional plot with 2 years under organic farming system (TRA); organic plot with 5 years under organic farming system (ORG). A plot under native vegetation (NV) was used as a reference. Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN), soil organic matter fractioning and microbial indices were evaluated in soil samples collected at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–40 cm depth. SOC and fulvic acids fraction contents were higher in the ORG system at 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depths. Soil MBC was highest in the ORG, in all depths, than in others plots. Soil MBN was similar between ORG, TRA and NV in the surface layer. The lowest values for soil MBC and MBN were observed in CON plot. Soil microbial biomass increased gradually from conventional to organic farming, leading to consistent and distinct differences from the conventional control by the end of the second year. 相似文献
16.
不同有机物料对微域内土壤原生动物和线虫的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
施用有机物料能够显著影响土壤肥力和生物群落结构,然而有机物料在土壤中分布不均会加剧土壤空间异质性,进而对土壤生物群落的结构和功能产生进一步的影响。选用水稻秸秆和白三叶草两类有机物料,按比例混合后装于网袋,置于预先装好土的培养容器中恒温培养,在培养的第14、35和70天分别对其中的不同微域(0~1 cm和1~5 cm)土样进行采集,分析其中的土壤原生动物和线虫群落结构的变化。结果表明,有机物料种类及培养时间对原生动物和线虫数量的影响更大,采样微域对二者的影响相对较小。水稻秸秆添加下的土壤植食性线虫、食真菌线虫和捕杂食线虫数量显著高于白三叶草添加;而白三叶草添加下的土壤变形虫、鞭毛虫和线虫总数、食细菌线虫数量显著高于水稻秸秆添加。从整个培养周期来看,鞭毛虫数量随培养时间的延长逐渐减少,而变形虫和线虫总数则随培养时间的延长逐渐增多。在同一有机物料下不同微域间土壤原生动物和线虫在培养初期会出现一定的数量差异,但这种差异随培养时间的延长逐渐消失。 相似文献
17.
《European Journal of Soil Biology》2008,44(2):225-230
The aim of this work was to investigate the response of soil microbial biomass and activity to practices in organic and conventional farming systems. The study was carried out at the Irrigation District of Piauí, Brazil. Five different plots planted with “acerola” orchard (Malpighia glaba) and established at the following management were evaluated: (1) under 12 months of soil conventional management (CNV); (2) under six months of soil organic management (ORG6); (3) under 12 months of soil organic management (ORG12); (4) under 18 months of soil organic management (ORG18); and (5) under 24 months of soil organic management (ORG24). Soil microbial biomass C (Cmic), basal respiration, organic carbon (Corg), Cmic-to-Corg ratio and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were evaluated in soil samples collected at 0–10 cm depth. The highest Corg and Cmic levels occurred in organic system plots ORG18 and ORG24 compared to the conventional system. Soil respiration and Cmic-to-Corg ratio were significantly enhanced by the organic system plots. The qCO2 was greater in conventional than in organic system. These results indicate that the organic practices rapidly improved soil microbial characteristics and slowly increase soil organic C. 相似文献
18.
A comparison of soil food webs beneath C<Subscript>3</Subscript>- and C<Subscript>4</Subscript>-dominated grasslands 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mathew Dornbush Cynthia Cambardella Elaine Ingham James Raich 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,45(1):73-81
Soil food webs influence organic matter mineralization and plant nutrient availability, but the potential for plants to capitalize
on these processes by altering soil food webs has received little attention. We compared soil food webs beneath C3- and C4-grass plantings by measuring bacterial and fungal biomass and protozoan and nematode abundance repeatedly over 2 years. We
tested published expectations that C3 detritus and root chemistry (low lignin/N) favor bacterial-based food webs and root-feeding nematodes, whereas C4 detritus (high lignin/N) and greater production favor fungal decomposers and predatory nematodes. We also hypothesized that
seasonal differences in plant growth between the two grassland types would generate season-specific differences in soil food
webs. In contrast to our expectations, bacterial biomass and ciliate abundance were greater beneath C4 grasses, and we found no differences in fungi, amoebae, flagellates, or nematodes. Soil food webs varied significantly among
sample dates, but differences were unrelated to aboveground plant growth. Our findings, in combination with previous work,
suggest that preexisting soil properties moderate the effect of plant inputs on soil food webs. We hypothesize that high levels
of soil organic matter provide a stable environment and energy source for soil organisms and thus buffer soil food webs from
short-term dynamics of plant communities. 相似文献
19.
Wenhao JIN Jiangfei GE Shuai SHAO Liyuan PENG Jiajia XING Chenfei LIANG Junhui CHEN Qiufang XU Hua QIN 《土壤圈》2024,34(2):508-519
Intensive management is known to markedly alter soil carbon (C) storage and turnover in Moso bamboo forests compared with extensive management. However, the effects of intensive management on soil respiration (RS) components remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in different RS components (root, mycorrhizal, and free-living microorganism respiration) in Moso bamboo forests under extensive and intensive management practices. A 1-year in-situ microcosm experiment was conducted to quantify the RS components in Moso bamboo forests under the two management practices using mesh screens of varying sizes. The results showed that the total RS and its components exhibited similar seasonal variability between the two management practices. Compared with extensive management, intensive management significantly increased cumulative respiration from mycorrhizal fungi by 36.73%, while decreased cumulative respiration from free-living soil microorganisms by 8.97%. Moreover, the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increased by 43.38%, but bacterial and fungal abundances decreased by 21.65% and 33.30%, respectively, under intensive management. Both management practices significantly changed the bacterial community composition, which could be mainly explained by soil pH and available potassium. Mycorrhizal fungi and intensive management affected the interrelationships between bacterial members. Structural equation modeling indicated that intensive management changed the cumulative RS by elevating AMF abundance and lowering bacterial abundance. We concluded that intensive management reduced the microbial respiration-derived C loss, but increased mycorrhizal respiration-derived C loss. 相似文献