共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
以黄土高原典型苹果园地为研究区域,采用野外调查与试验分析相结合的方法,选取6个土壤养分指标:有机质、全氮、速效磷、全磷、速效钾和全钾,应用多元统计分析方法,分析了黄土高原典型苹果园地3个区段(陕西凤翔、陕西长武、陕西延安)0—300cm土壤剖面层土壤养分含量的分布特征及差异性。结果表明:不同苹果产区土壤养分含量差别明显,3个试点各类果园0—300cm土层土壤全氮含量平均值,全磷含量平均值、速效磷含量平均值、全钾含量平均值、速效钾含量平均值由大到小依次为凤翔长武延安;长武凤翔延安;长武凤翔延安;凤翔长武延安;长武凤翔延安。不同苹果产区果园0—300cm土层土壤氮磷钾全量和速效量剖面分布特征类似,除全钾和速效氮外其余养分全量和速效量剖面分布具有明显"表层积聚效应。长武和延安的0—300cm土层土壤有机质含量的剖面分布特征类似,没有明显的垂直分层现象而凤翔0—100cm土层速效钾含量随土层加深而迅速降低,100—200cm土层内有机质含量的剖面含量没有明显的变化。陕西长武地区土壤养分指数为0.24比陕西凤翔地区(0.23)的高;陕西凤翔地区养分指数(0.23)比陕西延安地区的(0.22)高。针对不同区域果园土壤养分含量差异,提出果园施肥建议:凤翔果园应该增施有机肥和氮肥,增施钾肥。长武果园增施有机肥,氮磷钾肥配合施用。延安地区土壤养分状况最差,应加大施肥力度,增施有机肥,氮磷钾肥配合施用,实行平衡施肥。 相似文献
2.
长期不同施肥处理红壤旱地剖面养分分布差异 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
3.
长期施肥对塿土冬小麦产量及土壤养分的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以20年塿土冬小麦-夏休闲轮作体系长期肥料定位试验为平台,探讨长期施肥对小麦产量及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:同时施入氮磷肥处理(NP、NPK、MNPK)小麦产量上升趋势显著,年均增产幅度为219~265 kg hm~(-2),平均产量均为CK的3倍。化肥配施有机肥(MNPK)土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾含量均呈明显上升趋势,年均分别增加0.93g kg~(-1)、0.05 g kg~(-1)、0.07 g kg~(-1)、12.11 mg kg~(-1)、8.8 mg kg~(-1),有机质和全磷的平均含量较CK分别提升59%、73%,速效磷和速效钾平均含量为CK的13.6倍和1倍。氮磷配施(NP、NPK)土壤有机质平均含量较CK增加18%和16%。施氮肥对土壤中全氮含量没有明显影响。施磷肥(NP、PK、NPK)土壤全磷以及速效磷含量逐年显著上升,土壤全磷平均含量较CK提升27%,速效磷含量为CK的4倍。施钾肥(NPK、NK、PK)对土壤全钾含量没有明显影响,但土壤速效钾上升趋势显著,年均增幅为5.6~6.9 mg kg~(-1),平均含量较CK分别增加38.8%、59.3%和48.1%。旱作塿土合理的施肥措施为有机肥配合氮肥。 相似文献
4.
为探讨双季稻田控释尿素施用对养分在土壤剖面的垂直分布与迁移的影响,通过长期田间定位试验,研究比较普通尿素(U)和控释尿素(CRU)减施稻田剖面的养分累积和分布。结果表明:随着土层深度的增加,土壤全氮、NO_3~-—N、有机质、全磷、速效磷和全钾含量呈下降趋势,NH_4~+—N含量先下降后升高,速效钾含量呈上升趋势,土壤pH升高且趋于稳定。施肥会降低0—20cm土层pH和速效钾含量。与U处理相比,0—20cm土层CRU处理全氮含量提高7.72%~19.45%,且随着施N量的增加呈上升趋势;40—60cm土层CRU处理NH_4~+—N含量降低6.99%~19.23%。施用CRU可以有效降低土层NH_4~+—N向下淋溶,提高0—40cm土层全氮和NO_3~-—N含量,避免土壤N素流失。施用CRU对不同深度土层有机质、速效磷、全磷、速效钾、全钾和pH的影响不显著,但减量过大会导致有机质降低。CRU减量10%~20%处理显著提高双季稻成熟期N、P、K的吸收量。相关分析表明,不同用量控释尿素处理早、晚稻成熟期N、P、K吸收量与籽粒产量均呈显著正相关。总之,CRU处理有效地控制N素向下淋溶,减少因N肥施用带来的潜在面源污染,而CRU减施可更好地维持和提高土壤的养分水平和肥力,促进养分累积,实现生态与经济效益的双赢。 相似文献
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秸秆还田对滴灌春小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《土壤通报》2015,(5):1155-1160
为提高秸秆还田的利用效率,采用大田试验研究了秸秆还田及配肥对小麦产量及土壤理化性状的影响,为干旱区土壤培肥提供科学依据。在常规施肥的基础上设置半量秸秆(S1)、全量秸秆(S2)、有机肥(M)、复混肥(CF)、全量秸秆与有机肥(S2+M)、全量秸秆与复混肥(S2+CF)配施6个处理。结果表明,秸秆配施肥(S2+M)、(S2+CF)对提高小麦的株高、单穗重、穗长和单株穗粒数效果优于单施秸秆处理(S1、S2);秸秆配施肥产量显著高于CK。秸秆配施肥显著降低了0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤容重,提高了0~20 cm土层阳离子交换量,而对20~40 cm影响不显著。秸秆配施肥0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于单施秸秆处理,而单施秸秆处理显著高于单施有机肥和复混肥处理。因此,在施氮、磷肥的基础上全量秸秆还田与有机肥或复混肥配合施用,能更有利于滴灌农田土壤肥力的提升。 相似文献
6.
施肥方式对重度侵蚀黑土养分及玉米产量影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对东北地区土壤侵蚀加剧,土壤有机质含量和土壤氮储量偏低,增产潜力下降等问题,采用培肥定位试验研究化肥和有机肥配施对土壤有机质和氮磷钾养分及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,化肥配合适量干牛粪施用对土壤的改良作用,优于化肥配合等养分含量的秸秆粉碎还田。相对不施肥的对照,020 cm土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾都显著增加,差异达到0.05显著水平。有机无机配施对2020 cm土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾都显著增加,差异达到0.05显著水平。有机无机配施对2040 cm深土壤质量改善作用有限。与单施无机肥处理相比,有机无机肥配合施用可增产14.51%40 cm深土壤质量改善作用有限。与单施无机肥处理相比,有机无机肥配合施用可增产14.51%33.03%,差异达到0.05显著水平。施入过多的有机肥料会使短时期内土壤有机质及速效养分增加的比率降低,本研究建议针对重度侵蚀黑土(破皮黄黑土)的改良,干牛粪的施用量应为3.75 t hm-2,玉米秸秆的施入量应为当年生产量的50%左右。 相似文献
7.
为提高重庆长寿柑橘的产量和品质,通过田间小区试验,研究了有机肥不同施用量与施肥深度对柑橘园土壤肥力和柑橘养分、品质及产量的影响。结果表明:与未施有机肥处理相比,施用有机肥可以不同程度增加土壤中碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,处理5碱解氮最高,处理6有效磷、速效钾最高,分别提高98.25%、106.79%和43.33%;并能提高土壤有机质含量,最好的处理3高出对照58.87%;同时可以减小土壤容重,提高土壤p H值及土壤地力;施用有机肥可以提高柑橘叶片中的全磷、全钾、全钙、铜、硼、锌含量,使柑橘叶片中的养分含量更适宜于柑橘生长,进而改善柑橘果实品质,提高柑橘产量,增加经济效益。综合考虑土壤肥力变化,柑橘叶片营养、产量和品质提高,以及经济效益,有机肥施用量20 t/hm2并施入0~40 cm土层效果最好。 相似文献
8.
连年深松和施用有机肥对土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
通过8年的田间定位试验,研究了不同耕作方法及有机肥用量对春玉米产量和土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,连年深松能显著降低10~20 cm和20~30 cm土壤体积质量,施用有机肥30 000 kg/hm~2以上能显著降低10~20 cm土壤体积质量;深松导致耕层土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量呈下降趋势,碱解氮和速效磷略有增加;耕层土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷含量随有机肥用量的增加而显著增加,全磷、全钾和速效钾含量增加幅度与有机肥用量无关;深松和施用有机肥均能显著增加玉米产量,施用有机肥的增产效果好于深松,但其增产速率随有机肥用量增加而降低。连年深松对改善土壤理化性质和提高玉米产量的效果好于隔年深松,且在施用有机肥的条件下效果更好。 相似文献
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研究比较了旱地苹果专用肥与化肥、农家肥对果园土壤理化性质、果实产量及品质的影响,在10年生红富士果园设置不覆膜+化肥(CK)、不覆膜+农家肥(T1)、不覆膜+苹果专用肥(T2)、覆膜+化肥(FCK)、覆膜+农家肥(FT1)、覆膜+苹果专用肥(FT2)6个处理。结果表明:在未覆膜条件下,与CK相比,T1和T2处理均降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤贮水量,但两者间差异不显著;T1和T2处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量,在0~20 cm土层较CK处理分别提高36.77%和33.73%;T2处理提高了土壤中速效养分含量,其0~60 cm土层碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量分别较CK提高7.34%、9.05%、5.90%;各施肥处理苹果年均产量顺序为T2CK≥T1,T2处理的果实硬度(7.19 kg·cm-2)和糖酸比(33.23)均最高。与未覆膜相比,覆膜条件下,各处理(FCK、FT1、FT2)土壤容重均有所降低,土壤贮水量、有机质、速效养分、果实产量和品质均得到提高,以FT2处理整体效果最好。综合分析表明,施用苹果专用肥提高了果实产量和品质,改善了土壤肥力,是果园简便高效的施肥技术。 相似文献
10.
宁夏农田土壤耕层养分含量的时空变化特征 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
根据土壤普查资料和实际采样测定结果,探讨了宁夏山区和灌区农田土壤耕层有机质和氮磷钾养分含量的时空变化特征。结果表明,在1970年、1985年和2000年3个时段内,土壤有机质、有效磷和碱解氮含量呈显著或较显著增长态势,土壤速效钾含量近15年在灌区明显下降,土壤氮磷钾全量养分在30年间没有明显变化。从两个地区比较来看,除土壤全磷量外,土壤有机质和其它养分含量都是灌区显著高于山区,而变异系数除土壤全钾外都是山区显著大于灌区。 相似文献
11.
Suyundukov Ya. T. Suyundukova M. B. Bezuglova O. S. Khabirov I. K. Khasanova R. F. Semenova I. N. Rafikova Yu. S. Ilbulova G. R. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(1):27-35
Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific... 相似文献
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Kholodov V. A. Farkhodov Y. R. Yaroslavtseva N. V. Ziganshina A. R. Maksimovich S. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(7):998-1004
Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,... 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1631-1646
Abstract Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados. 相似文献
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Ye. V. Rogozhina N. V. Kostina L. S. Malyukova 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2011,66(1):32-35
An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and
pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the
course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation
was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the
acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils
of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn
periods. 相似文献
18.
The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements. 相似文献
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物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。 相似文献
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荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。 相似文献