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1.
为研究有机酸添加后煤矸石碎屑组成及其速效养分变化,以淮南潘集矿区为研究区域,选取矿区内多处煤矸石山上大块煤矸石人工破碎后作为供试材料,向其中添加10 mmol/L低分子量有机酸和腐殖酸水溶液,恒温培养120 d,在不同培养阶段取出部分样品测定煤矸石碎屑颗粒组成、EC、pH和速效养分等指标。结果表明,有机酸的添加总体上促进了煤矸石碎屑颗粒的细化。其中,黏粒平均增幅达81.90%,极细砂增幅在42%以上,粉粒和极粗砂粒含量平均下降幅度分别为21.05%、62.34%。有机酸添加有助于煤矸石碎屑颗粒基质结构向好的方向发展,并且以柠檬酸和腐殖酸效果最好。培养后的各处理pH值、电导率、速效养分对有机酸种类和培养时间的响应存在显著差异。有机酸添加后,酒石酸、草酸和腐殖酸处理pH均上升较大,平均pH值分别为7.69、7.75和7.71,显著大于对照处理(P<0.05),达到微碱性水平。除苹果酸处理外,其他处理的pH随培养时间的变化表现“N”型特征。电导率的变化与pH值变化正好相反,以苹果酸处理上升最大,比培养前增幅达146.78%;有机酸添加极大促进了煤矸石碎屑碱解氮(AN)和速效磷(AP)的释放,前者以苹果酸效果较好(释放量最大为CK的1.56倍和培养前的13.03倍),后者以柠檬酸效果较好(释放量最大为培养前的2.56倍和CK的3.39倍)。随着培养时间延长,碱解氮和速效磷释放量均逐渐增加;水分浸润和有机酸溶液添加均在前期表现一定抑制煤矸石碎屑颗粒速效钾(AK)释放的作用,后期逐渐表现一定促进释放的作用,但各有机酸处理之间差异不显著。有机酸对煤矸石山生态修复肯有一定积极作用。 相似文献
2.
湘西植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为了解湘西烟区植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系,于2015年采集烟区1 242个土壤样本,研究了植烟土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的适宜性分布、县域分布以及pH与这些养分指标的量化关系。结果表明:1湘西烟区植烟土壤pH平均值为6.12,有20.77%样品偏酸和18.20%的样品偏碱;有机质和碱解氮含量的平均值分别为28.42 g/kg和145.63 mg/kg,总体上处于适宜水平;有效磷含量的平均值为28.94 mg/kg,有近40%样品偏高;速效钾含量平均值为198.76 mg/kg,有近45%的样品偏低。2主产烟县植烟土壤pH和养分差异极显著。3土壤主要养分含量与pH之间呈现曲线关系;当pH5.5时或pH8.0时,随土壤pH变化,主要养分含量变化较大;当pH在5.5~8.0时,随土壤pH变化,主要养分含量变化平缓。当pH5.5时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量快速下降;当pH在5.5~8.0时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量缓慢升高,碱解氮含量缓慢下降;当pH8.0时,随土壤pH升高,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量快速下降,速效钾含量快速升高。 相似文献
3.
辽南葡萄主产区土壤养分特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了给辽南规模化葡萄园的养分管理和科学施肥提供依据,2016年在辽南葡萄主产区采集91个葡萄园土壤样品,分别测定土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,对该葡萄主产区土壤养分状况进行研究。研究结果表明:辽南葡萄主产区土壤pH平均值为6.2;有机质平均含量为11.0 g kg?1,处于缺乏水平的样点占总样点的97.8%;土壤全氮、碱解氮平均含量分别为0.08 g kg?1和73.3 mg kg?1,处于缺乏水平的土壤样点分别占样本总数的85.8%和74.8%;土壤速效磷平均含量为70.4 mg kg?1,90.1%样点属于丰富水平,但变异系数较大;速效钾平均含量为158.0 mg kg?1,总体含量属于中等以上,处于中等以上和缺乏水平的样点占总样点的比例分别为68.2%和31.8%。不同地区、不同树龄和不同产量水平的葡萄园土壤养分状况存在较大差异;李官镇葡萄园养分状况好于许屯镇;随着种植年限的增加,葡萄园土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均呈现显著升高趋势;不同产量葡萄园有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量变化趋势为高产园 > 中产园 > 低产园。建议根据产量和树龄情况,分区域进行葡萄园养分管理,适当减少磷肥和钾肥、增加有机肥用量,以保证养分的高效利用。 相似文献
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5.
高原耕地土壤养分空间分布与影响因子相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《土壤通报》2014,(5):1113-1118
综合运用GIS地统计分析和空间分析技术,以保山市隆阳区为代表区域研究高原坝区耕地土壤主要养分的空间变异规律,及其与土类、地形因子间的关系。结果表明:研究区内土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾表现出中等程度的空间相关性。有效磷变异系数最大,空间自相关性较强。各指标在不同土类间差异均达极显著水平:潴育型水稻土中pH值、有机质、碱解氮含量较高;黄壤中有效磷含量最低,速效钾最高;红壤中有机质含量最低。土壤养分受地形因子影响明显,pH、有机质、碱解氮和速效钾与海拔均呈显著的正相关;有效磷与海拔呈负相关;坡度与pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷均呈负相关,与速效钾正相关。坡向与各指标相关性均不显著。本研究可为科学耕地施肥,合理土地改良及利用提供依据,对高原稀缺耕地的可持续和高效利用具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
为研究关中平原台塬区土壤养分的空间分布情况,加强精准农业施肥管理,针对陕西省西安市长安区836.69 km2范围内的土壤养分元素进行空间格局研究。通过GPS定位选取研究区内3 231个土壤采样点,测定了土壤样品的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾以及pH值,并利用地统计法对其空间变异结构及格局现状进行研究。结果表明:土壤养分元素的变异系数范围为0.09～0.84,其变异程度依次为有效磷>速效钾>碱解氮>有机质>pH值;土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及pH值的变异函数曲线均符合指数模型;在空间结构上,土壤有效磷和有机质属于弱相关性,速效钾和碱解氮为中等强度相关性,pH值具有强烈的空间相关性;采用Kriging插值方法,可直观得到研究区域的土壤养分空间格局情况。 相似文献
7.
赣南红壤丘陵区137Cs示踪土壤侵蚀对土壤养分元素的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
赣南红壤丘陵区是我国土壤侵蚀与土地退化比较严重的地区,以南丰县为例,应用137 Cs示踪技术探讨不同土地利用方式下土壤侵蚀与养分元素的关系。结果表明:(1)湿地松林、桔园、水田3种土地利用方式作用下土壤中137 Cs与养分元素分布差异显著,在垂直剖面上,湿地松林137 Cs含量呈指数递减分布,水田与桔园137 Cs含量因人为干扰在耕层内均匀分布;有机质与137 Cs有相似的分布特征;全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均呈现一定表聚性。(2)位于坡地的2种土地利用方式中,湿地松林137 Cs、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均表现为下坡>上坡>中坡;桔园137 Cs活度表现为中坡>下坡>上坡,全氮、碱解氮、速效磷表现为下坡>中坡>上坡,而速效钾、有机质最大值均出现在上坡。(3)相关性分析表明,土壤137 Cs与有机质、全氮、碱解氮显著正相关,表明小流域有机质、氮元素可能与137 Cs有相同的物理运移方式,pH与137 Cs显著负相关,速效磷、速效钾则与137 Cs不相关。(4)3种土地利用方式中位于小流域谷地的水田137 Cs、有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量最高,坡地上桔园坡面137 Cs与土壤养分元素含量均高于湿地松林地,表明一定程度的坡改梯桔园种植模式能有效缓解土壤侵蚀与养分流失,改善区域生态环境。 相似文献
8.
博、精河下游河岸带土壤速效养分空间异质性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以新疆博尔塔拉河、精河下游河岸带土壤为研究对象,针对土壤中的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等指标进行定量测定,运用地统计学方法分别对博尔塔拉河、精河流域土壤养分空间分布特征进行了分析.结果表明:博尔塔拉河下游河岸带土壤有机质、碱解氮变异程度大于精河下游河岸带,土壤速效磷、速效钾变异程度相近;两河土壤速效养分垂直分异规律为:土壤有机质、碱解氮含量均随土层深度的增加而递减;水平分异规律为:距离艾比湖入湖口越远,土壤中速效养分平均含量越小.总体而言,博尔塔拉河下游河岸带土壤速效养分高于精河下游河岸带土壤速效养分,精河土壤养分空间异质性较小. 相似文献
9.
依托7年定位试验,研究翻压紫云英对土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性动态的影响。试验设对照(不施化肥、不翻压紫云英)、化肥、紫云英+化肥3个处理。在紫云英翻压后2、4、8、16、32 d及早稻拔节期、孕穗期、收获期取样。结果表明,翻压紫云英对土壤性质和酶活性动态影响显著,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾动态变化与紫云英养分释放规律基本一致,而蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶又与土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷等养分的动态基本一致。与化肥处理相比,紫云英+化肥显著提高了土壤pH值;在基础土壤有机质、碱解氮较高条件下,紫云英+化肥对蔗糖酶、碱解氮、脲酶等影响不显著,但在基础土壤有效磷、速效钾较低条件下,紫云英+化肥显著提升了有效磷、酸性磷酸酶活性及速效钾含量。因此,紫云英培肥土壤明显受土壤基础养分限制。 相似文献
10.
豫中烟区土壤因子分布状况及对烤烟糖碱比的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以豫中烟区407份土壤样品和对应的烤烟样品为材料,分析了豫中烟区几种土壤因子(土壤pH、有机质、速效钾、碱解氮和速效磷)的分布状况及对烤烟糖碱比的影响。结果表明:(1)豫中烟区土壤中性偏碱,有机质、速效钾和碱解氮均在适宜范围内,速效磷较低。不同植烟市相比较,漯河土壤pH最低,土壤速效磷和碱解氮含量均最高;许昌土壤pH最高;平顶山土壤速效钾最高。(2)豫中烟区烤烟糖碱比平均为12.11,不同植烟市变化规律为许昌>漯河>平顶山。(3)豫中烟区烤烟糖碱比与土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾和速效磷之间均呈显著二次曲线关系,不同植烟市间土壤因子与烤烟糖碱比的回归关系有较大差异。 相似文献
11.
Endogenous organic acid variations in different chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. Toker M. Karhan S. Ulger 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(1):42-44
Abstract Changes in cropping systems during the past century have led to selective pressure on weed flora. Species and ecotypes with characteristics enabling them to survive in high-input farmland have increased in numbers, at the cost of plants lacking these characters. Since the 1950s, the perennial weed species Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Sonchus arvensis L. have mainly been controlled by the herbicide group synthetic auxins like MCPA. During recent decades, C. arvense seems to have become less susceptible to MCPA in both Europe and North America but the reasons are unclear. To study the importance of selective pressure on weed ecotypes, both short- and long-term studies were carried out in Uppsala, Sweden. The first consisted of two growth-characteristic greenhouse experiments. The hypothesis was that ecotypes of C. arvense and S. arvensis from high-input farmland were different and displayed a more competitive growth pattern than did ecotypes from low-input farmland. The second study was a field experiment with four ecotypes of C. arvense from low-input farmland to study if selective pressure was in force, over a period of six years. The four ecotypes had different growth characteristics and herbicide sensitivity and they were exposed to crop competition and MCPA treatments during the experimental period. The hypothesis was that ecotypes with a more competitive growth pattern and MCPA tolerance would survive to a greater extent than would other ecotypes. For C. arvense, the results from the growth-characteristic experiment showed that the growth pattern of ecotypes from high-input farmland differed, showing a more directly elongated growth pattern with fewer spines on the leaves compared with ecotypes from low-input farmland, which usually were of rosette-type. Results from the field experiment with C. arvense showed that after six years MCPA-sensitive and/or rosette-type ecotypes had almost disappeared while ecotypes with a more directly elongated growth pattern and less sensitive to MCPA survived to a much greater extent. The conclusion was therefore that when exposed to selective pressure like crop competition and herbicide treatments, ecotypes of C. arvense with a more directly elongated growth pattern and less sensitive to herbicide treatment survived to a greater extent compared with ecotypes missing these traits. Ecotypes from high-input farmland had generally fewer leaf spines than did ecotypes from low-input farmland. This may suggest a trade-off between spine formation and rapid competitive growth. In the growth-characteristic experiment with S. arvensis, no differences between ecotypes from high- and low-input farmland regarding growth characteristics or leaf spines could be detected. This might partly be due to a lower exposure of S. arvensis to selective pressure compared with C. arvense, since S. arvensis generally is less sensitive to MCPA. 相似文献
12.
有机酸处理条件对玉米秸秆热解特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
酸洗预处理能有效改善K^+对生物质热解的影响,该文利用热重分析仪和裂解-气相色谱质谱联用仪进行了玉米秸秆的热解试验,研究了不同有机酸酸洗浓度(3%、5%和7%)、酸洗温度(25、50和75℃)和酸洗时间(1、2和3 h)对玉米秸秆热解特性的影响。结果表明:酸洗能显著降低玉米秸秆内在K^+的含量;经过不同条件的有机酸洗预处理后,玉米秸秆的TG/DTG(thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry)曲线均向高温段移动,最大热解速率随着酸洗浓度和酸洗温度的增加逐渐增大,随着酸洗时间的增加先增大后降低,在酸洗温度为75℃时,最大热解速率达到最大值15.49%/min;与此同时,玉米秸秆热解主要产物为酚类、酮类和呋喃类化合物,酸洗后,其酚类物质产率明显增加,在酸洗浓度为7%时达到最大值16.75%,而酮类和呋喃类化合物产率减少,分别在酸洗时间为1 h和酸洗浓度为7%时达到最小值0.10%和7.13%。酸洗后,焦炭产率减少,在酸洗浓度为3%时达到最小值18.79%。通过研究不同处理条件下有机酸对玉米秸秆热解特性的影响,为生物质预处理中酸溶液的选择提供了参考。 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):1211-1223
This study evaluated the effects of organic acids on the diffusive flux of phosphorus (DFP) along time. Treatments were a factorial 2?×?2?×?2?×?2?×?5 design: two soils (clayey Red Latosol and a sandy-loam Red-Yellow Latosol), two organic acids (citric acid, CA, and humic acid, HA), and two phosphorus (P) sources [monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP)] either with or without heating (100 °C) of the soil. The soil plus treatments, in all combinations, were placed in contact with an anion exchange resin and the P in the resin was measured after 2, 4, 6, 10, and 15 days. The DFP was greater when the soils were treated with CA than when treated with HA. Citric acid was more effective in increasing the DFP from KH2PO4, whereas HA was the organic ligand that promoted a larger DFP when the source was IHP. 相似文献
14.
Organic acids released into the rhizosphere may perform many beneficial functions to the plant including metal detoxification and enhancement of nutrient acquisition. Typically, these organic acids are studied in isolation; however, roots simultaneously exude a cocktail of organic acids and other substances, and their combined impact on rhizosphere processes may be quite different. It has been hypothesized that some exudates may play secondary roles (e.g. inhibitors of microbial activity, blockage of sorption sites), which might enhance the longevity and nutrient-mobilization capacity of others. Here we investigated how the decomposition, sorption and P-solubilizing effects of citrate, malate and oxalate are affected by the presence of malonate and shikimate. We found that in a range of agricultural soils the decomposition of citrate, malate and oxalate was rapid, but not influenced by the presence of large quantities of shikimate or malonate. This suggests that the individual organic acids are taken up by different transport mechanisms or components of the microbial community. At large concentrations, malonate decreased sorption of citrate, malate and oxalate on the soil, whilst shikimate had little effect. The capacity of citrate, malate and oxalate to desorb P was significantly greater in cocktails containing malonate compared with the single organic acid; no effect was seen with shikimate. We conclude that neither malonate nor shikimate at realistic concentrations will significantly affect the biodegradation of citrate, malate or oxalate in the rhizosphere, and while malonate did enhance P desorption, this effect is additive rather than synergistic. Overall, we found little evidence that malonate and shikimate act as secondary regulators of citrate, malate and oxalate behavior in soil. 相似文献
15.
Takashi Ozawa Yuichi Imai Harmastini I. Sukiman Herry Karsono Dini Ariani Susono Saono 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):987-992
Sixty-seven strains of Bradyrhizobium isolated from soybean plants growing on acid soils in West Java and Sumatra, Indonesia, were examined for the effect of the pH and aluminum concentration on their growth in nutrient media, compared with 61 strains of Bradyrhizobium from soils in Japan. The results in this study indicated that the indigenous population of Bradyrhizobium in the soils of Indonesia showed a large difference in acid- and Al-tolerance from that of Japan. Eighty-five and 48% of the isolates from Japanese soils and Indonesian soils, respectively, were unable to grow in YEM broth at pH below 4.5. The acid-tolerance was correlated with AI-tolerance of the isolates on YEM agar plates at pH 4.4. Seventy-five percent of the isolates that grew in YEM broth at pH 4.5 were also resistant to 400 µM Al on the YEM plates. Acetylene reduction assay of the root nodules revealed that 3 of the acid- and Al-tolerant isolates from Indonesian soils showed a significantly high nitrogen fixation activity. 相似文献
16.
AbstractAn organic-mineral liquid fertigation fertilizer containing humic acid, nitrogen (N)–phosphorus (P)–potassium (K), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn) and a liquid foliar fertilizer consisting of fulvic acid and gibberellic acids were formulated and applied to wheat. The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient and cost effective liquid and foliar fertilizer and compare their potential with commercially available urea and DAP. The fulvic acid and humic acids were obtained by alkaline extraction of lignite coal. All the treatments were significant over the control. The application of the liquid fertigation fertilizer and liquid foliar fertilizer along with 50?kg of urea per acre showed the best results biological yield (grain plus straw yield). It was found that the highest yield was obtained in T6 treatment and the second best results were obtained with T2 treatment, but has a high cost, while treatment T6 was the most significant economical and yielded a high income when compared to other treatments. 相似文献
17.
Plant hormones and their functional analogues are used in agriculture to combat plant diseases and pests. These chemicals are generally targeted at shoots, but soils inevitably receive a dose during application. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing to determine whether the diversity of bacterial communities in a potting mix (referred here as ‘model soil’) is influenced by exposure to salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA). The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; richness) and Simpson's Diversity Index values (evenness) associated with each sample was not influenced by the hormone treatments, but changes in community composition were observed. Relative to the control, all hormones more than doubled the abundance of a Limnobacter population, ABA led to a four-fold increase in a Cellvibrio population, ET led to a c. 70% decrease in an Algoriphagus population, and MeJA and ABA applications halved the abundance of a Massilia population. These changes may influence plant productivity. 相似文献
18.
19.
Pablo Zalba Nilda M. Amiotti Juan A. Galantini Silvia Pistola 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(13-14):1675-1679
Changes in land-use systems such as the introduction of trees on agricultural land can give rise to changes in the physicochemical properties of the soils, also affecting the quantity and quality of organic matter incorporated into the system. The present study assesses humic substances (HS) in the soil such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) by looking at the relationship between the optic densities determined at 465 and 665 nm (E4/E6 ratio). Topsoil samples (0–20 cm) from pine woodlands 60 years of age were compared with agricultural soils of similar age in the central-south region of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The pH of the topsoil from beneath the pine trees was highly acidic (5.0 vs. 6.2) and a significant increase in the level of organic carbon (OC) was registered. The carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio was also higher (by one order of magnitude) beneath the pine trees, although the humification conditions of the soil organic matter (SOM) were good in the soils of both studied land-use systems. The E4/E6 ratio was higher in the HA and FA 2º (second extraction) beneath the pines, indicating a smaller molecular size of the HS bound to the clay minerals. This fact can be attributed to the higher concentration of hydrogen ions beneath the pines and consequently the loss of polyvalent cations, mainly calcium. The most labile organic molecules (FA 1º – first extraction) were of a larger size in soils beneath the pines, most likely owing to a specific characteristic of the Pinus genus, although the fraction in question constitutes a minority fraction among the HS. Clear differences were established between the E4/E6 ratios in HA and FA, making this a highly useful method for determining molecular changes in HS as a result of changes in land use. 相似文献
20.
Nina Heiberg Finn Måge Karin Haffner 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):251-254
Abstract Ten blackcurrant cultivars were evaluated for some quality components. On average, the sugar content was 9.0%, of which fructose made up 45%, glucose 40% and sucrose 15%. Soluble solids were 15.4% as an average for the ten cultivars in three years. The acid content was 5.1% of fresh weight, 88% was citric acid and 12% malic acid. The ascorbic acid content varied from 67 mg per 100 g fresh fruit in Hedda, to 204 mg per 100 g in Blackdown. Except for Hedda and Øjebyn, which both had low values of ascorbic acid and colour properties, the quality components of the cultivars were found to be within an acceptable range. 相似文献