共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
为探究不同复垦模式对排土场土壤团聚体稳定性的影响,以辽宁省阜新市海州露天煤矿排土场复垦区内灌木林地(紫穗槐)、榆树林地、刺槐林地、混交林地(刺槐和榆树混交)和荒草地5种复垦模式为研究对象,经干筛法和湿筛法测得土壤机械团聚体和水稳性团聚体组成,并以土壤大团聚体稳定性为指标(R_(0.25)即0.25 mm团聚体含量)和团聚体破坏率(PAD)、土壤团聚体直径指标(平均质量直径MWD、几何平均直径GMD和土壤分形维数D)作为评价指标,分析不同复垦模式下土壤团聚体稳定性的特征。结果表明:大团聚体稳定性、团聚体破坏率和土壤团聚体直径指标在不同复垦模式表层土壤总体呈现出林地优于荒草地的趋势,其中灌木林地土壤团聚体破坏率最低,刺槐林地和混交林地土壤团聚体直径指标较好,林地表土层土壤稳定性更好。土壤团聚体稳定性的指标MWD与GMD相互之间呈极显著正相关,与分形维数D值呈正相关。土壤团聚体从大团聚(5.00 mm)到转化微团聚体(0.25 mm)的过程中,1.00 mm和2.00 mm土壤团聚体转化过程中较为关键的节点。 相似文献
2.
3.
丹江口库区不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体稳定性及分形特征 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
为分析南水北调(中线)丹江口库区不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体稳定性及其分形特征,揭示人类活动对土壤结构的影响,以库区内不同土地利用方式(水田、旱地、果园、人工林地、自然林地)土壤为研究对象,经干筛和湿筛法测定团聚体组成,以土壤团聚体稳定性指标(大团聚体含量(R0.25)和团聚体破坏率(PAD))、土壤团聚体直径指标(平均质量直径(MWD)和几何均重直径(GMD))以及分形维数(D)作为评价指标,对比分析丹江口库区不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性。结果表明,对土壤团聚体组成的测定,湿筛法相对干筛法重现性更好,能更真实反映土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性。各土地利用方式总体上表现为林地(人工林和自然林)土壤稳定性和抗蚀性更好,其MWD和GMD值相对较高,D值相对较低;相反,旱作农地(果园和旱地)土壤团聚结构及其稳定性较弱,其MWD和GMD值相对较低,D值相对较高。说明各团聚体稳定性指标均能从不同角度反映不同土地利用方式对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响。相关性分析表明,土壤团聚体MWD、GMD值和D值与各粒径团聚体含量呈明显线性关系,在土壤团聚化过程中,土壤团聚体从微团聚体(0.25 mm)—中等团聚体(0.25~5 mm)—大团聚体(5 mm)的转化中,0.25,1,5mm粒级是较为关键的临界点。 相似文献
4.
2种保护性耕作措施对农田土壤团聚体稳定性的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在2种保护性耕作措施(秸秆还田和免耕)的长期定位试验(湖北省武穴市和荆州市)基础上,通过湿筛法测定不同土层(0—20cm和20—40cm)的不同粒径(5mm,2~5mm,1~2mm,0.5~1mm,0.25~0.5mm和0.25 mm)水稳性团聚体的含量,并对土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、平均几何直径(GMD)和分形维数(PSD)等进行分析,研究2种保护性耕作措施对农田土壤团聚体稳定性的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田和免耕处理均会影响土壤各级团聚体的分布状况,同时其也会增加农田表层(0—20cm)土壤粒径0.25mm团聚体的百分含量、MWD和GMD值,但是会降低PSD值。其中PSD与粒径0.25mm团聚体的含量呈极显著负相关性(武穴处理相关系数为-0.997,荆州处理相关系数为-0.993),但是MWD和GMD与粒径0.25mm团聚体的含量有显著正相关性。表明秸秆还田和免耕均会增强土壤团聚体的稳定性,有利于改善土壤结构。但秸秆还田处理的土壤粒径0.25mm团聚体百分含量、MWD和GMD值均高于免耕处理,说明秸秆还田改善土壤结构的效果要优于免耕的。秸秆还田和免耕措施相结合,土壤结构改良效果最佳。武穴和荆州两地的保护性耕作措施对于粒径0.25 mm团聚体百分含量、MWD、GMD和PSD的影响基本一致。 相似文献
5.
为了探究施用香蕉茎秆(蕉秆)及其制备的生物炭对珠江三角洲农田土壤肥力的影响,本文通过土壤培养和盆栽试验,研究了施用0.5%、1.0%和2.0%蕉秆和水稻秸秆(稻秆)及其生物炭后,土壤中不同粒级水稳性团聚体的组成,并采用团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、分形维数(D)和平均重量比表面积(MWSSA)等评价团聚体的稳定性。结果表明:1)珠江三角洲农田土壤水稳定性团聚体以0.25 mm微团聚体为主,占团聚体比例29.80%～52.52%;1～0.5mm团聚体次之,占18.19%～20.08%。2)施用1.0%、2.0%蕉秆和2.0%稻秆显著增加0.25 mm土壤团聚体总量,并显著提高土壤团聚体水稳定性;与不施用有机物料对照相比,团聚体MWD分别增加45.60%、62.37%和65.50%,GMD分别增加43.45%、55.34%和60.66%,D分别降低2.23%、2.32%和2.78%, MWSSA分别降低18.14%、20.09%和23.01%。3)MWD、GMD与 5mm、5～2 mm和2～1 mm团聚体所占比例呈极显著或显著正相关,与0.25 mm微团聚体所占比例呈极显著负相关; D、MWSSA与0.25 mm微团聚体所占比例呈极显著正相关,与5 mm、5～2 mm和2～1 mm团聚体所占比例呈极显著或显著负相关。4)综合主成分和差异显著性分析结果表明,施用2.0%和1.0%蕉秆提高土壤团聚体稳定性效果佳,均与施用2.0%稻秆没有显著差异,而施用蕉秆生物炭和稻秆生物炭短期内不能提高土壤团聚体稳定性。研究结果可为蕉秆废弃物资源化利用、提高土壤肥力提供参考依据。 相似文献
6.
长期施肥对红壤性水稻土团聚体特征的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
利用干筛法研究了红壤性水稻土连续施肥23年后,各粒径土壤团聚体含量及其特征值变化.结果表明:施用有机肥(NPKM、OM)与CK相比,可提高粒径3～5 mm土壤团聚体含量25.4%～24.6%,并分别降低粒径0.05～0.25 mm、＜0.05mm团聚体含量70.6%～71.1%和113.6%～121.7%,差异达显著水平;单施化肥处理(N、NP、NPK)与CK相比,各粒径土壤团聚体含量无明显差异,表明施肥对红壤性水稻土团聚体的影响主要受有机肥的控制.施用有机肥显著提高红壤性水稻土团聚体的平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD),而降低团聚体的分形维D值:水稻土团聚体的MWD、GMD与＞3 mm团聚体含量和水稻年产量存在显著的正相关,而团聚体分形维D值则与＞3 mm团聚体含量和水稻年产量存在显著的负相关,因而土壤团聚体的MWD、GMD和分形维D值可较客观地反映土壤肥力的状态.不同施肥处理的水稻年产量与粒径3～5 mm团聚体含量呈显著正相关而与0.05～0.25 mm、＜0.05 mm团聚体含量呈显著负相关,表明红壤性水稻土团聚体干筛分析条件下,粒径3～5 mm、0.05～0.25 mm、＜0.05 mm团聚体含量可作为红壤性水稻土土壤肥力表征的物理性指标. 相似文献
7.
《水土保持研究》2020,(1)
土壤呼吸和土壤团聚体对土壤肥力、质量和土壤的可持续利用等具有重要作用。通过湿筛法得到华北地区不同土地利用类型土壤大团聚体(2 mm)、中间团聚体(0.25～2 mm)、微团聚体(53μm～0.25 mm)以及粉+黏团聚体(53μm)的质量分数和土壤呼吸速率。结果表明:不同土地利用类型土壤呼吸随着月份的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,在7月份最大,呈倒V字型变化规律,7月以后,土壤呼吸急剧降低,其中在1月份土壤呼吸速率最小。不同土地利用类型对土壤呼吸具有明显的影响,土壤呼吸速率大小基本表现为次生林人工林灌木农田果园,其中,次生林和人工林显著高于其他土地利用类型(p0.05),灌木和农田差异不显著(p0.05),果园显著低于其他土地利用类型(p0.05)。不同土地利用类型对土壤总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和轻组分有机碳(SLOC)影响较为明显,其大小基本表现为次生林人工林灌木农田果园。次生林和人工林以0.25 mm的大团聚体为主,占粒径总组成的20%以上;灌木以中间团聚体和粉+黏团聚体为主;而农田和果园则以粉+黏团聚体为主,约占粒径总组成的40%。林地的开垦会导致大团聚体的破碎化,灌木及农田0.25 mm的大团聚体含量较林地低,土壤结构趋于恶化;而农田闲置为果园后,则会促使粉+黏团聚体向粒径大的微团聚体及中间团聚体转化,使土壤结构趋于改善。灌木及农田土壤颗粒的MWD(平均质量直径)和GMD(几何平均直径)值均显著低于林地和灌木(p0.05),农田撂荒后,MWD和GMD值均显著升高(p0.05),表明林地开垦后导致土壤团聚体的稳定性降低,而农田弃耕会增强团聚体的稳定性。土壤中0.25 mm团聚体含量、MWD、GMD和土壤呼吸均与土壤TOC,SLOC和POC皆呈现显著正相关性(p0.05),其中0.25 mm团聚体含量、MWD、GMD和土壤呼吸与LFOC和POC之间的相关关系达到极显著水平(p0.01),且相关系数较大,说明与土壤TOC相比,LFOC和POC对土壤水稳性团聚体和稳定性的贡献更大,并且LFOC和POC对土壤呼吸的贡献更大。 相似文献
8.
植茶年限对土壤团聚体氮、磷、钾含量变化的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了植茶年限对土壤团聚体氮、 磷、 钾含量变化的影响。结果表明, 1）土壤团聚体速效钾含量随粒径的减小先升高后降低,在0.5~0.25 mm粒径中较高,为38.52~70.32 mg/kg; 全磷、 全钾和碱解氮含量在各粒径中分布较均匀,其变异系数分别为2.77%~11.58%、 0.82%~3.72%和5.98%~10.62%;而全氮和有效磷含量则集中在 0.25 mm 粒径的团聚体中,分别为0.40~0.98 g/kg和8.53~29.32 mg/kg。2）随着植茶年限的增加,各粒径团聚体全氮、 碱解氮、 全磷和有效磷含量逐渐升高,而速效钾含量则有所降低,全钾含量变化不明显。3）不同粒径土壤团聚体对土壤氮、 磷、 钾含量的贡献率有45%~72% 来自5 mm 的团聚体,随着植茶年限的增加,5 mm 的团聚体对土壤养分的贡献率先升高后降低,在植茶23年和31年时较高,为60%~72%。不同粒径团聚体对土壤氮、 磷、 钾的保持和供应能力存在明显差异,长期植茶有利于土壤团聚体全氮、 碱解氮、 全磷和有效磷的积累,但速效钾含量却逐年降低,故在茶园的生产管理中,需平衡施用氮、 钾肥,植茶23年后应增施有机肥料,以促进土壤大团聚体含量的增加,提高茶园土壤的保肥和供肥能力。 相似文献
9.
本研究以番茄–黄瓜轮作下的设施土壤为研究对象，共设4个处理（1/2化肥氮+1/2生物有机肥氮，COF；全部施用生物有机肥氮，OF；全部施用化肥氮，CF；不施肥处理，CK），探讨生物有机肥配施化肥对设施土壤养分含量及团聚体分布和稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，相较于单施化肥处理，施用生物有机肥均提高了土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾养分含量和土壤pH，分别提高了9.61%~54.28%、7.38%~35.45%、31.86%~98.53%、40.88%~96.40%、3.02%~15.99%、0.96%~18.23%和0.73%~7.03%；单施生物有机肥或与化肥配施均可使土壤大团聚体（>0.25 mm）比例上升，微团聚体（<0.25 mm）比例下降，显著提高了土壤团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和>0.25 mm团聚体含量（R0.25）（P<0.05），且土壤团聚体稳定性随着施入生物有机肥年限的增加而增加；相关分析表明，MWD、GMD和R0.25均与>2 mm和0.25~2 mm团聚体质量分数呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与<0.053 mm团聚体组成呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），与0.053~0.25 mm团聚体组成呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。生物有机肥替代化肥更有利于提高土壤养分含量、大团聚体的数量及团聚体的稳定性。 相似文献
10.
稻田复种轮作休耕对土壤团聚体分布及稳定性的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
稻田土壤团聚体的比例结构及稳定性状况,对水稻健康可持续发展具有重要影响。2 0 1 2—2 0 1 7年进行冬季不同复种轮作休耕长期定位试验,设置冬闲双季稻、冬种紫云英、油菜、大蒜和轮作双季稻5个处理,利用湿筛法对稻田土壤粒径1~2mm、0.5~1mm、0.25~0.5mm和0.25mm土壤团聚体的百分含量、平均质量直径(MWD)、平均几何直径(GMD)和分型维数(D)进行测定计算。结果表明,在0~50cm土层中,早、晚稻收获后土壤以0.5mm粒级的微小团聚体为主,各处理累积含量分别为78.1%~84.8%和85.6%~91.1%,而0.5 mm较大的团聚累积含量分别为13.1%~21.9%和8.9%~14.4%;同时显著增加了早、晚稻土壤性大团聚体(0.25mm)的百分含量,并相应地减少了微团聚体百分含量,早稻较晚稻表现更为突出;早、晚稻田土壤水稳定性团聚体D指标值的影响不显著,而MWD、GMD达到显著性差异(P0.05)。由此可见,稻田复种轮作及秸秆双重还田,有利于早晚稻田减少微小团聚体而形成大团聚体,早稻季相比晚稻更为显著,能显著增加早、晚稻田土壤团聚体的稳定性(P0.05),提高早、晚稻产量,这对南方稻田可持续发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
Protecting soil structure against compaction—proposed solutions to safeguard agricultural soils To safeguard the ecological soil functions and the functions linked to human activities, measures against harmful changes to the soil are required, in line with the precautionary principle. The German Federal Soil Protection Act sets obligations for precaution in agricultural land use and, if harmful changes to the soil are foreseeable, measures for averting a danger. The results of a research project of the Federal Environmental Agency show that it is possible to describe an impairment of the soil structure, using methods of soil analysis. But this as a sole information would not qualify for the identification of harmful changes to the soil in the context of the Soil Protection Act, which requires an assessment of the severity of disruption of soil functions and the respective subject of protection. This would make additional soil investigations on site mandatory. Approaches in agricultural engineering and soil physics have introduced procedures to preserve the soil structure, in accordance with the precautionary principle. But these procedures have different goals and different ranges of application and hence offer partial solutions to safeguard against soil compaction. The assessment model of “trafficability by measuring the rut depth” provides information about the compaction status of the soil under applied conditions for farming gear, without providing detailed information about affected soil layers. The soil‐physical model of classifying soils into “risk classes for harmful soil compaction” focuses on the relationship between topsoil compaction and crop yields. The soil‐physical models “precompression stress” and “loading ratio” provide information for the assessment of subsoil compaction and a prognosis of a possible impairment of the soil structure at the water content of field capacity. It is necessary to validate the individual models with additional regional data about soil structure before a final assessment of the prognoses is made. 相似文献
12.
Soil Erodibility and Physicochemical Properties of Collapsing Gully Alluvial Fans in Southern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In southern China, collapsing gully erosion produces massive deposits of sediment on the plough layer of alluvial fan farmland, leading to reduced nutrients, increased erodibility, and even desertification. The aim of this study was to investigate soil erodibility (the factor K in the universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE) and physicochemical properties of the alluvial fans of the most severe collapsing gully erosion areas (Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces) in southern China. The soils of the collapsing gully alluvial fans had a higher bulk density, but a lower total porosity, saturated water content, and silt and clay fractions than the control (CK) soils from the farmland without desertification. Soil quality gradually decreased from fan edge to fanhead. Significant decreases were found in soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and total potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, resulting in a gradual decrease in soil nutrients from the fanedge to the fanhead. Soil erodibility was greatest in the fanhead, and soil erodibility K values of the alluvial fans were 53.71%, 66.28%, 67.53%, and 71.68 % greater than that in those of the CK soils of Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong, respectively, indicating a significant correlation between the soil erodibility K values and physicochemical properties, particularly sand fraction and organic matter content. The results provide new insights into the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and erodibility of alluvial fans, and suggest that improving soil structure might increase soil fertility in the collapsing gully alluvial fan farmland. 相似文献
13.
The concept of soil health has been extensively reviewed in the scientific literature, but there is only patchy and inconsistent information available to farmers and growers who are concerned about the declining condition of their soils and are looking for appropriate test methods and management interventions to help reverse it. Although there are well‐established laboratory methods for soil chemical analysis, and a range of laboratory and field methods for measuring soil physical properties, only now are methods starting to emerge for soil biological analysis. This study provides an overview of the methods that are currently available commercially (or are close to commercialization) for farmers and growers in the UK. We examine the science underpinning the methods, the value of the information provided and how farmers and advisors can use results from such assessments for informed decision‐making in relation to soil management. 相似文献
14.
15.
土壤孔隙结构与土壤微环境和有机碳周转关系的研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
土壤结构是土壤功能的基础,不仅影响土壤养分的供应、水分的保持及渗透、气体的交换等过程,还为土壤微生物提供了物理生境,并调控土壤有机碳的周转这一关键过程。土壤的孔隙特征能够直接、真实地反映土壤结构的好坏;用土壤的孔隙特征作为试验指标能更好地反映土壤结构对这些过程的调节作用。在此基础上,将高度异质性的土壤孔隙结构同土壤微环境的变化和土壤有机碳的周转过程进行定量分析,对深入了解土壤结构在土壤生态系统中的功能至关重要。因此,着重从土壤孔隙结构对土壤微环境的影响及其与有机碳的关系两方面展开,剖析土壤孔隙结构调控作用下的土壤微环境响应过程,阐述土壤孔隙结构对土壤有机碳周转产生的直接、间接影响,强调土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转进程中的重要作用,并对土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转、植物残体分解及其与微生物协调作用机制等方面研究提出展望。 相似文献
16.
17.
Depth distribution of soil wettability and its correlations with vegetation type, soil texture, and pH were investigated under various land use (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and soil management systems. Wettability was evaluated by contact angle with the Wilhelmy plate method. Water repellency was likely to be present under permanently vegetated land, but less common on tilled agricultural land. It was mostly prevalent in the topsoil, especially in coarse-textured soils, and decreased in the subsoil. However, the depth dependency of wettability could not be derived from the investigated wide range of soils. The correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that the wettability in repellent soils was affected more by soil organic carbon (SOC) than by soil texture and pH, whereas in wettable soils, soil texture and pH were more effective than SOC. Furthermore, the quality of SOC seemed to be more important in determining wettability than its quantity, as proofed by stronger hydrophobicity under coniferous than under deciduous forestland. Soil management had a minor effect on wettability if conventional and conservation tillage or different grazing intensities were considered. 相似文献
18.
设施栽培下原状土与扰动土水分特性的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以四川省双流县设施栽培土壤为研究对象,对其原状土与扰动土的土壤水分特征曲线、水分物理性质和比水容量等项目进行了研究。结果表明,扰动土水分特征曲线总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土含水量高于原状土,在高吸力阶段两者差异较小。扰动土毛管孔隙度、总孔度和凋萎含水量在剖面上的总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。扰动土不同土层田间持水量和有效水含量差异较小,原状土的田间持水量和有效水含量均随土层加深而减少。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土比水容量远高于原状土,但随土壤水吸力增加,扰动土比水容量变化趋势逐渐与原状土一致。 相似文献
19.
植物苗期根系抗侵蚀特性试验研究——以构树和顶坛花椒为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物的固土抗蚀作用大小与其根系密切相关,而根系特征决定了根的固土抗蚀作用的发挥,本文以相同基质下构树和顶坛花椒不同特征的根系为研究对象.通过研究根系特征与土壤抗冲性、抗蚀性、抗拉性、紧实度的关系,结果表明,苗期根系能强化土壤抗冲性,构树苗、顶坛花椒苗根系强化值大小分别为78.01>77.71;根系可提高土壤抗蚀性,其抗蚀性强弱为.构树苗>顶坛花椒苗>对照,构树、顶坛花椒、对照试验的土壤水稳性指数分别为4.36,3.16,1.67;不同树种根系对土壤的固结能力不同,构树苗生长下的土壤抗拉能力为214.92 N,明显大于顶坛花椒苗生长下的土壤154.87 N;土壤紧实度大小为构树苗>顶坛花椒苗.并采用加权综合指数法综合评价了苗期不同特征植物根系的固土能力强弱,得出构树苗综合指数为1.058.而顶坛花椒苗为0.902.即构树苗的固土能力强于顶坛花椒,以期为今后的水土保持工作提供一定的理论依据. 相似文献
20.
金沙江干热峡谷中退化的土壤生态系统生物学特征初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Distribution characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity were studied in the dry red soil and Vertisol ecosystems with different degradation degrees in the Yuanmou dry hot valley of the Jinsha River,China.Results showed that Hymenoptera,Araneae and Collembola were the dominant groups of soil animals in the polts studied.The numbers of groups and individuals and density of soil animals in the dry red soil series were higher than those in the Vertisol series,and the numbers of individuals and density of soil animals decreased with the degree of soil degradation.Bacteria dominated microbiococnosis not only in the dry red soils but also in the Vertisols.Microbial numbers of the dry red soil series were higher than those of Vertisol series,and decreased with the degree of soil degradation.The activities of catalase,invertase,urease and alkaline phosphatase declined with the degradation degree and showed a significant decline with depth in the profiles of both the dry red soils and the Vertisols,but activities of polyphenol oxidase and acid and neutral phosphatase showed the same tendencies only in the Vertisols.It was concluded that the characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity could be used as the bio-indicators to show the degradation degree of the dry red soils and Vertisols.Correlation among these soil bio-indicators was highly significant. 相似文献