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工艺参数对刨切薄竹染色上染率影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
染色是提高竹材装饰性能的重要手段,对提高刨切薄竹的附加值,拓展刨切薄竹的应用范围具有重要的意义。染色工艺是薄竹染色的重要手段,上染率是判断刨切薄竹染色效果的主要指标。本文对染色上染率的工艺参数如染色温度、染色时间、pH值以及染液材积比等进行研究。结果表明,染色温度对刨切薄竹单板上染率的影响极显著,随着温度的升高,上染率增加,90℃时,上染率达到最大值;随着染色时间的延长,刨切薄竹单板上染率逐步增加。0.4 mm厚的刨切薄竹单板在90℃染色30 m in,能达到要求的染色效果;随着材积比的增加,染料吸附量也增加。 相似文献
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《林业实用技术》2016,(1)
采用酸性大红GR染料和BL-阻燃剂同步处理杨木单板,通过改变浸渍温度、BL-阻燃剂浓度、酸性大红GR染液浓度等工艺参数,分析酸性染料和阻燃剂同步处理对杨木单板性能的影响。结果表明:BL-阻燃剂的添加明显提高了单板的上染率,且BL-阻燃剂浓度为10%时上染率最大为23.97%,氧指数和色差随BL-阻燃剂浓度的增加而增大,最大值分别达到46.3%和72.346;随着酸性大红GR染液浓度的增加,单板上染率在浓度为0.1%时达到峰值,而氧指数呈减小趋势,色差逐渐增大再减小;浸渍温度对单板性能影响显著,单板上染率、氧指数和色差随温度升高均增大,80℃最大值分别是34.18%、42.7%和73.257。 相似文献
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泡桐单板染色因素对色差的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文采用酸性大红染料对木材进行染色试验,以染液组成的染色工艺为试验因素,用正交方法对木材色差和上染率进行观测和分析。试验结果表明,Ｎａｌ是使泡桐单板染色差增加的第一作用因素,最佳浓度是１．５％。处理温度是第二作用因素。５０℃的温度对色差和上染率都是有利的。表面活性剂是第三作用因素,最佳浓度是０．１％。最佳染色时间４ｈ,作用因素居第四位。乙酸最佳作用浓度２％,是第五作用因素。染料浓度变化对色差没有造 相似文献
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《林业工程学报》2019,(6)
为实现天然色素在木制品染色上的综合利用,以NaOH预处理后的山核桃、白橡单板为研究对象,采用香樟果色素为染色剂,通过改变超声波功率、超声波时间、超声波温度及染液浓度,以上染率和色差为评价指标,研究处理条件与木材染色性能的关系。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析染料与木材化学结合方式,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察染料在木材内的分布特征。结果表明:白橡和山核桃单板随着超声波功率增大、染色温度升高以及染料浓度增加,上染率和色差均呈增大的变化趋势,而白橡单板上染率和色差随染色时间增长呈减小的趋势,山核桃单板色差随时间增长呈先增大后减小的趋势。FT-IR与SEM观察对比发现,染料与木材间通过物理吸附结合并以柱状体附着在木材管胞口、纹孔等微观结构内。 相似文献
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《林业工程学报》2016,(2)
研究了活性艳蓝X-BR上染白枫单板的影响因素和最佳染色工艺,采用7因素4水平正交染色试验,考察了染色温度、染液质量分数、促染剂用量、染色时间、固色剂用量、固色时间、体积比7个因素对上染率和表面色差的影响。采用直观分析和方差分析得出了影响上染率和表面色差的主要因素,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察染料分子在木材内的分布情况,以及X射线能谱分析(EDXA)染料分子的特征元素在木材中的含量。研究结果表明:染料质量分数和染色温度对上染率和表面色差影响较大。上染率最佳工艺方案为:温度60~65℃,质量分数0.5%,促染剂用量50 g/L,染色时间3.0 h,固色剂用量15 g/L,固色时间75 min,体积比1∶15。表面色差最佳工艺方案为:温度50~55℃,质量分数3%,促染剂用量40 g/L,染色时间3.0 h,固色剂用量15 g/L,固色时间75 min,体积比1∶40。SEM和EDXA结果表明染料分子团聚在木射线周围和分散在导管内,且染料分子的特征元素含量增加。 相似文献
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通过分析染色单板在65℃水煮1h后明度差与色差的变化,研究染色工艺对染色单板耐水牢度的影响。结果显示,提高染料浓度、延长染色时间,适宜的NaCl用量、pH值和温度都能提高染色单板的耐水颜色牢度;增加平平加O用量却使染色单板颜色耐水牢度下降。各个因子对明度差的影响同样重要,在α=90%水平下未达到显著差异;然而各因子对于色差的影响在α=90%水平下有显著差异。染料和NaCl浓度的影响最重要。随后是pH值,第3位是平平加O用量,温度和时间对颜色稳定性影响最小。单靠改变染色工艺,对染色单板的耐水牢度提高有限,染色后的单板还要靠后续的固色处理来提高其耐水性能。 相似文献
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采用活性染料对预处理后的泡桐单板进行了仿红木染色研究.结果表明:活性染料对泡桐有较好的易染性,泡桐单板经染色后能达到红木商业用材的自然效果;活性染料染色时,由于上染和固色是分开进行的,固色前染料可以充分进行扩散移染,从而有效避免泡桐单板表芯色差现象;通过控制染色温度、时间以及促染剂和固色剂用量,可得到满意的染色效果.试验得出的染色工艺条件为:温度70~80℃,时间3 h,促染剂元明粉40 g/L,固色剂纯碱20 g/L. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献