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1.
Hoque MA Skerratt LF Rahman MA Alim MA Grace D Gummow B Rabiul Alam Beg AB Debnath NC 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):431-440
Duck rearing is an important component of sustainable living in poor rural communities, especially as a source of subsistence.
A study was conducted on 118 households (N = 1,373 Jinding ducks, Anas platyrhynchus) from December 2002 to February 2004 on Hatia Island in Bangladesh with the aim of identifying the factors that limit the
health and production of Jinding ducks. Overall duck mortality was 29.3%, with disease (19.7%) being a more significant factor
than predation (9.6%; p = 0.001). Duck mortality also varied significantly among study zones (p < 0.001). Common diseases were duck plague (21.1%) and duck cholera (32.1%). Helminth infection was prevalent, with endemic
trematode (Prosthogonimus spp., Trichobilharzia spp., Echinostoma spp.) and nematode (Cyathostoma bronchialis, Amidostomum anseris, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp., and Echinuria spp.) infections and epidemic cestode infections due to Hymenolepsis setigera. The median egg production rate per duck per household was 93 for a 6-month laying period. The odds of diminished egg production
(average ≤ 93 eggs per duck per household for a 6-month laying period) was 25.4 times higher in ducks that were kept in traditional
duck houses (p < 0.001) and 14.2 times higher in ducks that experienced delays in the onset of sexual maturity (days 191 and 280; p < 0.001). Ducks that were provided snails for a shorter period of time over the laying period were 18.2 times more likely
to produce fewer eggs than their longer fed peers (p = 0.002). In conclusion, duck mortalities due to diseases and predation and parasitic infections appear to be common constraints
on household duck production on Hatia Island. Additionally, improving duck housing and providing longer nutritional supplementation
with snails increased the production capabilities of household-raised Jinding ducks on Hatia Island. 相似文献
2.
Hoque M. A. Skerratt L. F. Rahman M. A. Rabiul Alam Beg A. B. M. Debnath N. C. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1579-1587
A cross sectional survey of duck production was carried out in 2002 on 771 traditional, semiscavenging household duck farms
on the coastal Island of Hatia. We determined the socioeconomic characteristics of duck farmers and their management systems,
identified the factors associated with egg production, and measured the level of selected duck diseases and current preventive
strategies. Household family size varied from 1 to 14 individuals and women were the main caretakers of ducks. Around 34%
of keepers were illiterate. Most duck products (eggs and meat; 85%) were sold at the local market. Duck houses were poorly
ventilated and a variety of bedding materials were used. Feed was available in nearby scavenging areas; however, additional
feed was frequently supplied by farmers. Almost all farmers (96%) ranked the rainy season as the best time for rearing ducks
due to greater feed availability. The annual egg production was 79 eggs per layer with a weight of 48 g and a hatchability
rate of 87%. Egg production varied by zone (p < 0.05). The odds of suboptimal egg production was 0.5 times lower in educated farmers (p = 0.001). The odds of suboptimal egg production was 2.5 times more likely in ducks that attained sexual maturity at >22 weeks
(p<0.001). Most farmers ranked duck plague as the most important disease, followed by duck cholera, botulism, and duck viral
hepatitis. Preventive vaccination was sporadic and used by few farmers (28%). There are significant opportunities for improved
duck production on the Island of Hatia and in Bangladesh generally. 相似文献
3.
Kaleta EF Kuczka A Kühnhold A Bunzenthal C Bönner BM Hanka K Redmann T Yilmaz A 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,114(1):3-11
The continuing westward spread of avian influenza A virus of the subtype H5N1 in free-living and domestic birds forced the European Union and the German federal government to enhance all biosecurity measures including in-house keeping of all captive birds from October 20 to December 15, 2005. Movement of captive ducks and geese of many different species from a free-range system to tight enclosures and maintenance for prolonged times in such overcrowded sheds resulted in pronounced disturbance of natural behaviour, interruption of mating and breeding activities and possibly additional stress. Under these conditions the birds developed signs of severe disease and enhanced mortality twentyfour days later. A total of 17 out of 124 (14%) adult birds and 149 out of 184 year-old birds (81 %) died during the outbreak. A herpesvirus was isolated from many organs of succumbed ducks and geese that was identified as a duck plague herpesvirus by cross neutralization test using known antisera against duck plague virus. The published host range of duck plague comprises 34 species within the order Anseriformes. We report here on additional 14 species of this order that were found to be susceptible to duck plague virus. The exact source of the herpesvirus could not identified. However, low antibody titres in some ducks at day of vaccination indicate that at least some of the birds were latently infected with a duck plague herpesvirus. The remaining healthy appearing birds were subcutaneously vaccinated with a modified live duck plague vaccine (Intervet, Boxmeer, NL) that stopped losses and resulted in seroconversion in most of the vaccinated birds. 相似文献
4.
An experiment was conducted to assess the immune responses of ducks to duck plague (DP) vaccinations employing one commercial and one laboratory-adapted (LA) DP vaccines. Virus neutralisation and leucocyte migration-inhibition tests were conducted at regular intervals before and after vaccinations. Similarly, ducks in vaccinated and control groups were subjected to challenge infection with virulent DP virus.The commercial vaccine yielded a poor immune response and partial protection on challenge whereas satisfactory responses were obtained in ducks receiving two doses of LA vaccine. The humoral as well as cellular factors were stimulated indicating possible involvement of both the immune responses in the protection from duck plague. 相似文献
5.
Diagnosis of duck plague in waterfowl by polymerase chain reaction 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
A recently developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for diagnosis of duck plague in waterfowl tissues from past and current cases of waterfowl mortality and to identify duck plague virus in combined cloacal/oral-pharyngeal swab samples from healthy mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) after a disease outbreak. The PCR was able to detect viral DNA from all the individual or pooled tissues assayed from 10 waterfowl, including liver and spleen samples from three Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domesticus) that did not yield virus isolates. The strong staining intensity of the PCR products from the waterfowl tissues indicated that large amounts of virus were present, even when virus was not isolated. Duck plague DNA was also detected in a cloacal swab sample from a wood duck (Aix sponsa) carcass submitted for diagnosis. The PCR assay identified duck plague DNA in 13 swab samples that produced virus isolates from carrier mallards sampled in 1981 after a duck plague die-off. The duck plague PCR clearly demonstrated the ability to quickly diagnose duck plague in suspect mortality cases and to detect virus shed by carrier waterfowl. 相似文献
6.
Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos) and white pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were infected with duck plague virus and challenged with LD20's of Pasteurella multocida and P. anatipestifer. There was no difference between mortality rates of duck plague-infected ducks and controls, suggesting that these organisms do not act synergistically under the conditions of our experiments. There was a difference of about 500-fold between the LD20 of P. multocida for mallards and that for white pekin ducks, indicating that mallards are much more susceptible to avian cholera than white pekin ducks. 相似文献
7.
Md. Ahasanul Hoque Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan Enamul Haque Amir Hossan Shaikat Shahneaz Ali Khan Abdul Alim Lee Francis Skerratt Ariful Islam Hein Min Tun Ravi Dissanayake Tapan Kumar Day Nitish Chandra Debnath Mat Yamage 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014
A survey of gastrointestinal parasitic infection as determined by faecal examination was conducted among domestic and wild birds in Bangladesh. Birds were sampled from households, wet markets and wetlands in Chittagong and Greater Sylhet districts during April 2012 to February 2013. Mist nets were used to catch resident wild and migratory birds. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection ranged among locations from 25 to 55% in indigenous domestic ducks (live bird samples = 304), 20% in resident wild birds (environmental faecal samples = 40) and 40% in migratory birds (live bird samples = 35). The prevalence of parasitic infection was significantly higher in indigenous domestic ducks collected during summer (39%) than winter (22%) (p = 0.04). In domestic indigenous ducks and Muscovy ducks, both single and multiple types of parasitic infections were found. However, other domestic birds and wild birds often had a single type of parasitic infection. Ascaridia spp. with an average egg load of 50–900, was commonly detected in faecal samples of domestic and wild birds in this study. Other identified parasites were Capillaria spp. and Heterakis spp. both in domestic and wild birds. Improvement of biosecurity measures for household duck farms through educating and motivating household farmers could help mitigate the effects of parasitic infection on production. 相似文献
8.
The study was carried out to assess the economic burden of trypanosomosis in three villages of the Metekel zone in 2009. The
disease was found to cause substantial economic losses through cattle mortality, drug purchase, and draft power loss of infected
oxen. The farmers in the area were spending a significantly (p < 0.05) higher amount of money for the treatment of trypanosomosis than all other diseases combined. The overall mortality
rate of cattle due to trypanosomosis was 4.4%. The mortality was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in an area where trypanosomosis prevalence was also higher. Many of the farmers prioritized losses of draft power
as the most important impact of the disease. The overall prevalence of the disease was 12.1%. The disease burden was significantly
(p < 0.05) higher in the rainy season than at other times of the year. In general, farmers had good knowledge on the signs and
seasonality of trypanosomosis. Thus, tsetse suppression activities that involve the local community can be an important tool
towards minimizing the economic burden of the disease in the area. 相似文献
9.
10.
鸭疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（暂定名）的分离鉴定 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
自1990年以来，在福建、浙江和广东等省发生一种以双翅羽毛管淤血呈紫黑色、断裂和脱落以及皮下、脏器（肝脏、胰脏）和肠道（十二指肠、直肠和盲肠）出血为主要特征的新的鸭传染病，暂定名为鸭出血症。我们对从自然感染该病典型病死番鸭脏器中获得的1株含2种病毒粒子（直径大小分别为30－40mm和80－120mm)的分离物，以Ⅰ型雏鸭病毒性肝炎标准阳性血清进行连续4代中和后接种番鸭胚，收集死亡番鸭胚胚液进行病毒纯化、负染、电镜观察和SPF鸡胚接种试验证明获得单一病毒分离株（定名为鸭出血症病毒）。该病毒为不耐酸、不耐碱、不耐热、对氯仿处理敏感、核酸类型为双股DNA的有囊膜病毒，直径为80－150nm；对番鸭胚、鹅胚、麻鸭胚、半番鸭胚、北京鸭胚和SPF鸡胚的致 死率分别为100％、100％、78．3％、60％、82．1％和0％；对10－11日龄番鸭胚的ELD50为10^-7.78/0.2ml；无血凝活性，不凝集“O”型人、鸭、鸡、鹅、家兔、小鼠，豚鼠、猪和绵羊红细胞；经血清中和试验证明该病毒与Ⅰ型雏鸭肝炎病毒、雏番鸭细小病毒、雏鹅细小病毒、鸭瘟病毒无血清学相关性。据以上结果可将该病毒确定为疱疹病毒科成员，但鉴于其与鸭瘟病毒（鸭疱疹病毒Ⅰ型）无血清学相关性，则暂定名为鸭疱疹病毒Ⅱ型，此为国内外首次报道。 相似文献
11.
Kuldeep Dhama Naveen Kumar Mani Saminathan Ruchi Tiwari Kumaragurubaran Karthik M. Asok Kumar 《The Veterinary quarterly》2017,37(1):57-80
Duck virus enteritis (DVE), also called duck plague, is one of the major contagious and fatal diseases of ducks, geese and swan. It is caused by duck enteritis virus (DEV)/Anatid herpesvirus-1 of the genus Mardivirus, family Herpesviridae, and subfamily Alpha-herpesvirinae. Of note, DVE has worldwide distribution, wherein migratory waterfowl plays a crucial role in its transmission within and between continents. Furthermore, horizontal and/ or vertical transmission plays a significant role in disease spread through oral-fecal discharges. Either of sexes from varying age groups of ducks is vulnerable to DVE. The disease is characterized by sudden death, vascular damage and subsequent internal hemorrhage, lesions in lymphoid organs, digestive mucosal eruptions, severe diarrhea and degenerative lesions in parenchymatous organs. Huge economic losses are connected with acute nature of the disease, increased morbidity and mortality (5%–100%), condemnations of carcasses, decreased egg production and hatchability. Although clinical manifestations and histopathology can provide preliminary diagnosis, the confirmatory diagnosis involves virus isolation and detection using serological and molecular tests. For prophylaxis, both live-attenuated and killed vaccines are being used in broiler and breeder ducks above 2 weeks of age. Since DEV is capable of becoming latent as well as shed intermittently, recombinant subunit and DNA vaccines either alone or in combination (polyvalent) are being targeted for its benign prevention. This review describes DEV, epidemiology, transmission, the disease (DVE), pathogenesis, and advances in diagnosis, vaccination and antiviral agents/therapies along with appropriate prevention and control strategies. 相似文献
12.
Kumaresan A Pathak KA Bujarbaruah KM Vinod K 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(3):385-391
The present study assessed the benefits of integration of animals with fish production in optimizing the bio mass production
from unit land in subtropical hill agro ecosystem. Hampshire pigs and Khaki Campbell ducks were integrated with composite
fish culture. The pig and duck excreta were directly allowed into the pond and no supplementary feed was given to fish during
the period of study. The average levels of N, P and K in dried pig and duck manure were 0.9, 0.7 and 0.6 per cent and 1.3,
0.6 and 0.5 per cent, respectively. The average body weight of pig and duck at 11 months age was 90 and 1.74 kg with an average
daily weight gain of 333.33 and 6.44 g, respectively. The fish production in pig-fish and duck-fish systems were 2209 and
2964 kg/ha, respectively while the fish productivity in control pond was only 820 kg/ha. The total biomass (animal and fish)
production was higher (p < 0.05) in commercial feeding system compared to the traditional system, however the input/output
ratio was 1:1.2 and 1:1.55 for commercial and traditional systems, respectively. It was inferred that the total biomass production
per unit land was high (p < 0.05) when animal and fish were integrated together. 相似文献
13.
An assessment of chicken husbandry including Newcastle disease control in rural areas of Chibuto,Mozambique 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper describes the management practices of village poultry in Chibuto and the impact of the Newcastle disease vaccination
program conducted between January 2005 and August 2008. A 51-question survey was conducted in 11 villages involved in the
Newcastle disease vaccination program in Chibuto, Mozambique. The mean flock size was significantly higher in households that
provided their chickens with feed (15.0) than chickens that only scavenged (8.7; P = 0.0001). The mean flock size was significantly higher in households with vaccinated chickens (16.9) than those with unvaccinated
chickens (10.0; P = 0.0005). The average number of chicks hatched during the most recent brooding was significantly higher in households that
fed their chickens (9.2) than chickens that only scavenge (6.9; P = 0.0335). The mean hatch rate was significantly higher in households with vaccinated chickens (0.8) than those with unvaccinated
chickens (0.7; P = 0.0324). It was determined that unvaccinated chickens are approximately five times more at risk to die of Newcastle disease
(odds ratio = 4.79). This study supported the efficacy of the I-2 Newcastle disease vaccine as shown by the increased average
flock size and decreased incidence of chicken mortality due to Newcastle disease. The level of farmer involvement and ongoing
commitment by community vaccinators suggest that the Chibuto vaccination program is likely to be sustainable in the medium-
to long-term. 相似文献
14.
Thuranira-McKeever Christine Shaw Alexandra Machila Noreen Eisler Mark Welburn Susan Maudlin Ian 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):705-717
Although seasonality is recognised as an important part of agricultural-based livelihoods, limited literature is available
on the subject area, and it is often only alluded to in discussion of other aspects of rural livelihoods. A 2-year longitudinal
study to examine the influences of seasonal changes on livestock keeping in a smallholder crop–livestock production system
was carried out in Busia District, western Kenya. The study aimed to obtain a picture of yearly variations in household activities
and resources, as a means of understanding decisions made by households regarding animal health management, and household
times of vulnerability in terms of losing animals. Data collection coincided with the three main seasons in the study area.
Information on (inter alia) seasonal livelihood activities, animal health care expenses, numbers of disease episodes and livestock
movements into and out of households was collected using questionnaires and participatory rural appraisal methodologies. Farmers
suggested clear and consistent seasonal changes and events, but data analyses did not show the patterns expected in relation
to livestock keeping. Important observations were made in relation to livestock disease episodes and the use of veterinary
services; livestock disease episodes were higher during the long rains than in the dry season, but more money was spent during
the dry season when numbers of disease episodes were low, and more households also used professional veterinary services during
this season (χ
2 = 81.47, P < 0.001). In both study years, a higher proportion of households treated animals themselves during the rainy seasons (z = −2.4, P = 0.02; z = −5.03, P < 0.001). 相似文献
15.
从四川德阳某鸭场病死鸭肝脏中分离的DY9株细菌,经理化特性、16SrRNA核苷酸序列与cam基因检测,证明为鸭疫里默氏杆菌,并对其毒力与毒力稳定性等进行了测定。DY9株细菌对14日龄非免疫健康鸭的LD50大于2.3×1010CFU/0.5mL,但死亡鸭不具有纤维素性炎症病变,并未能回收到细菌;经敏感鸭体内连续传10代和经巧克力营养琼脂平板传30代后毒力未见显著改变;培养滤液不影响鸭胚成纤维细胞的形态;油佐剂灭活菌苗与活菌苗免疫鸭后14d攻毒分别获得100%和79.52%的相对保护率,21d时均为100%。以上结果表明,DY9株细菌为毒力稳定的鸭疫里默氏杆菌自然弱毒株。 相似文献
16.
17.
鸭“白点病”（暂定名）病原学研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
对3个“白点病”（暂定名）发病严重的鸭场的病死鸭进行细菌学检查均为阴性，但均分离到病毒。对其中1株病毒进行了鉴定。负染及超薄切征电镜观察，可见呈球形或卵圆形、直径80-230nm、有囊膜的病毒。经理化特性、生物学特性及核酸类型测定，确定该病毒为疱疹病毒科成员。血清中和试验表明，该病毒与鸭瘟病毒、鸭疱疹病毒Ⅱ型无血清学相关性，故暂定名为鸭疱疹病毒Ⅲ型。人工感染试验复制出与自然感染病死鸭相同的病变，初步证明该病毒为鸭“白点病”病原。 相似文献
18.
Francisca Rumosa Gwaze Michael Chimonyo Kennedy Dzama 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1235-1242
It is often inappropriately assumed that the contributions of goats to household economies are similar across flock sizes.
A monthly questionnaire was administered to 19, 21, and 13 farmers in Matatiele and Qawukeni and Mankone. Entries and exits
to and from each flock were assessed. Most (P < 0.05) kids were born in August (4.92 ± 0.362 and 2.03 ± 0.329 for large and small flocks, respectively). Total entries
were higher (P < 0.05) in August, September, and October than in the other months. Kid mortality peaked in May and September at 21%. Most
(P < 0.05) goats were sold in December (1.06 ± 0.127 for large flocks and 0.23 ± 0.135 for small flocks). Goat production efficiency
(GPE) was affected (P < 0.05) by month and flock size. The GPE was higher (P < 0.05) in small than in large flocks. The low GPE values obtained in this study indicates the need to devise other indices
that factor in the neglected functions of goats when measuring goat production efficiency in communities where the main function
of goats is not for sale or consumption. 相似文献
19.
Vaccination of ducks with an apathogenic strain of duck enteritis virus resulted in protection against challenge with the virulent Lake Andes strain of duck enteritis virus by intramuscular inoculation or contact exposure. Antisera produced in the vaccinated ducks were able to transfer resistance against the challenge strain to recipient ducks. Antisera against duck enteritis virus were cytotoxic for duck enteritis virus-infected duck embryo fibroblasts in the presence of guinea pig complement. These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that the humoral immune mechanism plays a role in protecting ducks from duck enteritis virus infection. 相似文献
20.
鸭瘟抗体检测方法研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
将鸭瘟组提病毒经Sephadex G200柱层析纯化后作为包被抗原，以健康鸭IgG提纯后免疫羊，制备羊抗鸭IgG，并用过碘酸钠法进行辣极过氧化物酶标记，建立了检测鸭瘟病毒抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）。经对不同血清样品的检测，表明此方法特异性高，重复性好，操作简便，适于大批鸭群抗体水平监测和流行病学调查，为合理免疫和科学预防提供了技术手段。 相似文献