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1.
《中国糖料》2021,(4)
虾青素(Astaxanthin)是类胡萝卜素的含氧衍生物,具有较强的抗氧化、清除自由基等功能;湖泊红球藻(Haematococcus lacustris)是天然虾青素的最好来源之一。为了明确用甘蔗糖蜜或葡萄糖为培养基碳源对湖泊红球藻生长及其合成虾青素的影响,在BG11培养基中分别添加浓度为0.5、1、1.5 g/L的糖蜜或葡萄糖,在正常光照强度40μmol/(m2·s)添加0.5 g/L糖蜜或葡萄糖的试验组的藻细胞在培养至45 d时,藻细胞生长达到最大,分别是对照组的1.21倍或1.29倍。在高光照150μmol/(m2·s)培养第30d时,总糖0.5 g/L的糖蜜培养基培养下藻细胞的虾青素含量显著高于对照组和相同总糖浓度的葡萄糖组,分别是对照组的1.86倍、葡萄糖组的1.33倍;藻细胞干重也显著高于对照组和相同浓度的葡萄糖组,分别是对照组的1.81倍、葡萄糖组的1.80倍。结果表明,添加低浓度糖蜜或葡萄糖均可以提高湖泊红球藻的生物量及虾青素含量,低浓度葡萄糖有利于保持藻细胞在高光胁迫下的活力,而低浓度糖蜜培养基能显著促进藻细胞虾青素的积累。 相似文献
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通过室内生物测定的方法研究满江红提取物对水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,并就提取物浓度与水稻生长相关指标间的关系进行回归分析。结果表明,与对照相比,250~4 000μg/mL的提取物对水稻种子萌发不产生显著影响;1 000μg/mL的醇提物和水提物分别对水稻幼苗根长和苗高产生显著促进作用,相对应的促进率为27.32%和9.15%;250~4 000μg/mL的醇提物和4 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗苗高,1 000~4 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗根长,2 000~4 000μg/mL的醇提物和4 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗单株鲜重产生显著抑制作用,最大抑制率分别为31.85%、14.28%、23.41%、16.49%和10.94%。拟合满江红醇提物浓度与水稻幼苗根长、苗高和单株鲜重的关系(根长y=-0.215x2+1.541x+5.133,p=0.001;苗高y=-0.035x2-0.062x+5.574,P<0.001;鲜重y=-0.685x2+1.484x+100.0,P<0.005)以及水提物浓度与水稻幼苗根长、苗高和单株鲜重的关系(根长y=-0.005x2-0.276x+7.012,P<0.001;苗高y=-0.123x2+0.760x+4.490,P<0.001;鲜重y=-1.742x2+10.49x+89.27,P<0.005)均以二次曲线函数较佳。 相似文献
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采用实验室测定和温室盆栽方法研究了8种杀菌剂对大豆疫霉菌(Phytophthora sojae)菌丝生长和繁殖的影响及它们对大豆疫霉根腐病的接种防治效果。结果表明,50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂、97%甲霜灵可湿性粉剂和58%甲霜灵锰锌可湿性粉剂对大豆疫霉菌的菌丝生长和繁殖具有很好的抑制作用,该3种药剂能够明显抑制菌丝生长,抑制中浓度(EC50)值依次为0.1208μg/mL、0.1563μg/mL和0.3603μg/mL。浓度为10.0μg/mL时,对孢子囊形成和萌发的抑制率均为100%,对卵孢子形成抑制率分别为64.5%、59.5%和55.0%。接种防治试验结果显示,以上3种药剂喷药后7d防效依次为73.4%、68.8%和60.5%,其余的5种杀菌剂防治效果相对较差。 相似文献
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不同种类真菌多糖对小麦黄矮病的防治效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选小麦黄矮病的真菌多糖防治药剂及其适宜浓度,将云芝、灵芝、虫草等13种真菌多糖稀释成0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0g·L-1溶液,以清水为对照,比较分析了叶面喷施真菌多糖对小麦黄矮病的预防和治疗效果,同时对防效好的1.1%云芝葡聚糖(多糖)与常规植物抗病毒药剂的田间防效进行了比较。结果表明,13种真菌多糖对小麦黄矮病的预防作用都显著高于治疗作用,且真菌多糖间和浓度间差异均显著,其中云芝多糖1.0g·L-1、云芝多糖2.0g·L-1、蜜环菌多糖2.0g·L-1、灰树花多糖2.0g·L-1、猪苓多糖2.0g·L-1的预防效果分别为86.88%、86.58%、86.33%、86.04%和85.97%。1.1%云芝葡聚糖800倍液为适宜喷施浓度,其防效64.27%,保产22.70%,说明云芝多糖是一种有前途的新型小麦黄矮病免疫抑制剂。 相似文献
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采用吖啶橙(AO)与溴化乙啶(EB)荧光双染色以及Hoechst 33258荧光染色法对HMC毒素诱导玉米B37-C、B37-N根冠细胞凋亡率进行检测。结果表明, 采用AO/EB双染色后, 当HMC毒素浓度为50、100、150 μg/mL, 处理7 h时B37-C根冠细胞凋亡率分别为24.8%、58.2%、70.2%, B37-N仅为11.0%、25.7%和36.6%;当浓度为150 μg/mL, 处理时间4 h时B37-C根冠细胞最大凋亡率为62.3%, B37-N为25.8%。经Hoechst 33258染色后, HMC毒素浓度为50、100、150 μg/mL, 处理7 h时B37-C的根冠细胞凋亡率分别为32.5%、58.7%、74.5%, B37-N仅为7.5%、22.3%和30.7%;HMC毒素浓度为150 μg/mL, 处理4 h时B37-C的细胞凋亡率为62.3%, B37-N为19.3%。 相似文献
8.
3种莎草属伴生杂草提取物对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内生物测定的方法就异型莎草、扁穗莎草和褐穗莎草3种莎草属伴生杂草提取物对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响进行研究。结果表明,与对照相比,250~4 000μg/mL的3种伴生杂草提取物对水稻种子萌发率基本不产生显著影响,但2 000~4 000μg/mL的异型莎草提取物对水稻种子发芽势产生显著抑制作用。异型莎草250~4 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗根长,1 000~4 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗苗高和鲜重以及2 000~4 000μg/mL的醇提物对水稻幼苗鲜重均产生显著抑制作用,相对应的最高抑制率分别为78.64%、39.28%、36.65%、22.65%。扁穗莎草250~4 000μg/mL的醇提物和500~4 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗根长,250~2 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗苗高以及1 000~2 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗鲜重均产生显著促进作用,相对应的最大促进率分别为83.76%、76.85%、21.14%、10.57%。褐穗莎草250~4 000μg/mL的醇提物和2 000~4 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗根长,1 000~4 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗苗高以及2 000μg/mL的水提物对水稻幼苗鲜重均产生显著促进作用,相对应的最大促进率分别为85.18%、78.22%、18.53%、14.77%。 相似文献
9.
叶面调控对马铃薯新品种微型薯结薯的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究叶面调控对马铃薯微型薯结薯的影响,以丽薯6号和云薯505为材料,以清水处理为对照,设2种叶面肥和2种植物生长激素处理(叶面肥设2个浓度,植物生长激素设1个浓度)。结果表明:在叶面肥调控中,促进丽薯6号、云薯505微型薯结薯的最佳处理分别是浓度1 g/L的花多多和浓度1 g/L的K_2SO_4,2种叶面肥均能够显著增加2 g以上及2 g以下薯块数量。植物生长激素调控中,浓度5 mg/L的ABA显著提高了丽薯6号、云薯505的2 g以上微型薯结薯数;浓度5 mg/L的6-BA显著增加了2 g以下云薯505的结薯数,而丽薯6号的2 g以下结薯数减少。在微型薯繁育过程中,选择适宜的叶面调控方案能够提高单株结薯数。 相似文献
10.
为筛选防治橡胶树白粉病安全有效的植物源杀菌剂,采用孢子萌发抑制法测定22种植物甲醇提取液对橡胶树白粉病菌孢子的抑菌活性.结果表明,假臭草和九里香提取液浓度在0.1 g/mL时,对橡胶树白粉病菌孢子的萌发抑制率分别为43.98％和47.62％,极显著优于其它植物和对照.进一步测定假臭草和九里香提取液的EC50和EC75值,以及其盆栽试验的防治效果与橡胶树叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性.结果表明,假臭草和九里香对病原菌孢子的EG50值分别为0.26 g/mL和0.20 g/mL,EC75值分别为1.12 g/mL和0.99 g/mL.假臭草和九里香提取液浓度在EC75值时,防病效果分别为20.00％和18.67％,显著高于对照.假臭草和九里香提取液处理后,橡胶树叶片的MDA含量极显著低于对照,CAT、SOD和PAL活性则显著或极显著高于对照.由此可见,假臭草和九里香提取液不仅能抑制病原菌的萌发和生长,而且能提高橡胶树的抗病性. 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献