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1.
3种白腐菌木质素降解酶的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对3种白腐菌——黄孢原毛平革菌、变色栓菌和木质层孔菌在恒温振荡培养条件下产漆酶、锰过氧化物酶的情况进行比较研究,同时还对此3种菌在培养过程中还原糖的变化作了研究.结果表明:3种白腐菌中变色栓菌产漆酶相对最高,其漆酶酶活最高达到136.5 U/L,产酶最高时间为第8天;而木质层孔菌产锰过氧化物酶相对最高,其最高酶活达到880.2 U/L,产酶最高时间为第8天;同时在培养过程中还原糖含量随培养时间的延长而逐渐降低. 相似文献
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【目的】研究松褐天牛幼虫肠道内黏质沙雷氏菌木质素降解功能,为揭示松褐天牛与肠道细菌协作降解木质素的机制提供依据。【方法】以硫酸盐木质素液体培养基培养黏质沙雷氏菌,采用酶标仪微量测定法研究该菌对木质素的降解能力,考察其产木质素降解酶的种类及其变化,以及体外培养条件对该菌产优势降解酶———木质素过氧化物酶活性的影响。【结果】体外培养10天后黏质沙雷氏菌对硫酸盐木质素的累计降解率达94.12%,其中第4天的单日降解率最高,达15.16%。该菌在木质素培养基中可产木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、漆酶3种木质素降解酶,其中木质素过氧化物酶活性最高,然后依次是锰过氧化物酶和漆酶,前2种酶的日变化趋势与培养基中木质素的降解率相近。该菌产木质素过氧化物酶的最适培养基条件:p H5、硫酸木质素质量浓度3 g·L~(-1),有机氮源、酵母膏质量浓度5 g·L~(-1),Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、K~+离子质量浓度分别为0.20、0.40、0.15、0.04和0 g·L~(-1)。【结论】黏质沙雷氏菌具有较强的木质素降解能力,可通过产生木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶实现其对木质素的降解功能;培养基中木质素浓度、p H值、氮源种类及其浓度、金属离子及其浓度等对其产木质素过氧化物酶的活性均有显著影响。 相似文献
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红平菇木质素降解酶系统漆酶、锰过氧化物酶及木质素过氧化物酶的检测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
木材白腐菌在分解木质素的过程中会产生非特异性的分解木质素结构的酶系统,这些酶系统主要包括细胞外过氧化物酶[锰过氧化物酶(manganese peroxidase,MnP)、木质素过氧化物酶(lignin peroxidase,LiP)]和细胞外酚氧化酶[漆酶(laccase)].因此,在生物修复方面,白腐菌能够有效地降解废水和土壤中难被降解的多氯联苯、多环芳烃、DDT、染料、炸药和其他氯化物、叠氮化合物等. 相似文献
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以黄孢原毛平革菌基因组DNA为模板,克隆Lip-2基因片段,结合序列测定和生物信息学方法对扩增序列进行分析,结果证实所获得的序列与GenBank中已经登陆的Lip-H8基因具有高度的同源性,其N-端也具有真核生物分泌型信号肽序列.Lip-2基因序列的获得为下一步将其构建到酵母表达载体中进行蛋白质表达奠定了基础. 相似文献
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[目的]采集凉水国家级自然保护区原始森林土壤样品,分离产漆酶真菌并优化产酶条件,旨在开发产漆酶半知真菌种质资源,提高漆酶产量,为微生物漆酶扩大生产提供菌种资源和条件参数.[方法]以木质素磺酸钠为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基为富集培养基,在愈创木酚-PDA选择性平板上分离产漆酶真菌.利用ABTS[2,2 ′-连氮一双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)]和SGZ [4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基一苯甲醛连氮,即丁香醛联氮]显色反应初筛和摇瓶发酵复筛.确定供试菌株后,利用形态观察结合rDNA-ITS序列分析技术,将菌株鉴定至种.以ABTS法测定供试菌发酵液漆酶活性,以Lowry法测定发酵液总蛋白含量.在考察供试菌株生长、产酶及胞外蛋白总量动态变化基础上,通过单因素试验,研究碳源种类及浓度、氮源种类及浓度、培养基起始pH、装液量、接种量及底物诱导对菌株产漆酶的影响,获得菌株产酶最适培养基组分和培养条件参数.[结果]获得1株发酵周期短、初始酶活高的产酶菌株NF-08.结合形态学特征与rDNA-ITS序列分析结果,鉴定菌株NF-08属于为半知菌亚门疣孢漆斑菌.该菌株在液体发酵培养基中产漆酶活性与菌丝生长和胞外蛋白总量基本同步,发酵第6天达到酶活峰值9.28 U·mL-1.疣孢漆斑菌NF-08产酶最佳碳、氮源分别为4.0％葡萄糖和3.5％蛋白胨,培养基初始pH7.0.最适装液量60 mL·(250 mL)-1,最适接种量4％,最适培养温度和摇床转速分别为30℃和140 r·min-1.没食子酸、阿魏酸和单宁酸显著诱导疣孢漆斑菌NF-08漆酶活性的产生,以没食子酸效果最好.经过培养基组分和培养条件优化以及底物诱导,疣孢漆斑菌NF-08产酶水平达到16.82 U·mL-1,比优化前提高了81.25％.[结论]建立环境样品中产漆酶真菌的分离、纯化及筛选方法,获得了一株发酵周期短、产漆酶活力高的半知真菌疣孢漆斑菌NF-08.该菌株经单因素试验产酶条件优化效果明显,酶活水平提高显著,可为微生物发酵产漆酶提供新的菌株资源,在微生物发酵漆酶工业生产中具有应用潜力.后续对疣孢漆斑菌NF-08漆酶产生、性质及基因表达调控的深入研究,将有助于了解漆酶在半知真菌生活史中的作用及生态学功能,同时拓展半知真菌漆酶的应用领域. 相似文献
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采用LNAS(低氮天冬酰胺-琥珀酸)培养基用4种不同的底物处理方式,对白腐菌偏肿栓菌在28℃下进行静止培养,得到不同时间内的培养液,用紫外可见分光光度计分别检测在470,420,310nm处对于2,6-二甲氧基苯酚(2,6-DMP)、2,2’-连氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)(ABTS)、藜芦醇(VA)的氧化作用后光密度值的变化情况,作为其木质素降解酶系统锰过氧化物酶(MnP)、漆酶和木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)产生的依据。结果表明:偏肿栓菌可产生MnP(必须在Mn2+存在的条件下)和漆酶(不依赖于Mn2+),但不产生LiP;在培养液内添加底物木屑和2,6-DMP后可显著提高2种酶的分泌量。在此基础上,用含Mn2+和青杨木屑的LNAS培养基对偏肿栓菌在30℃下静止培养作为初始培养条件,然后采用2次正交试验和多种单因素试验对偏肿栓菌产MnP的培养基组分和培养条件进行优化。结果表明:在试验设定的因素和水平范围内的最优组合是培养液果糖浓度为5g.L-1、酒石酸铵浓度为15mmol.L-1、锰离子浓度是200μmol.L-1、吐温-80浓度为0.25mL.L-1,MgSO4.7H2O浓度为0.35g.L-1、矿质... 相似文献
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利用低能N+注入,对产木质素过氧化物酶(Mnp)和锰过氧化物酶(Lip)活力均较高的菌株N1023进行诱变,研究了不同能量和不同剂量N+离子诱变后菌株的存活率与突变率、突变菌株的产酶活力及遗传稳定性.结果表明:不同能量和不同N+离子剂量注入对菌株有显著影响,诱变菌株N1023j产Mnp和Lip双酶活力分别提高了27.29%和22.58%,同时诱变菌株N1023j有很好的遗传稳定性. 相似文献
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采用LNAS培养基在4种不同培养液中,对白腐菌杏鲍菇和乳白耙齿菌在28℃下进行静止培养,得到了不同时间内的培养液,用紫外-可见分光光度计检测了在470 nm处对于2,6-DMP的氧化作用后光密度值的变化情况,作为锰过氧化物酶（MnP）产生和活性大小的依据,从而获得了杏鲍菇和乳白耙齿菌锰过氧化物酶与培养基的成分和酶作用底物的关系。结果表明,杏鲍菇和乳白耙齿菌均可产生MnP,对比4种成分不同的培养基酶活力测定结果,在培养液内添加酶的底物木屑和2,6-DMP后可提高MnP的分泌量。以前的研究认为：Mn2＋是MnP产生的必要因子。而本试验研究结果表明,Mn2＋并不是杏鲍菇和乳白耙齿菌产生MnP所必需的。论文为进一步利用这两种真菌产木质素降解酶,以及为进一步深入研究这两种真菌MnP对木质素及其它异生物质降解的作用机理提供基础的酶学研究。 相似文献
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Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings were grown in an ambient or elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) either in small stands in microcosms for three to four seasons or individually in pots fertilized at different nutrient supply rates. Leaves at different stages of development, as well as stems and roots at the end of the growing season, were used for analysis of structural biomass and lignin. In elevated [CO2], lignification of leaves was slightly retarded compared with structural biomass production and showed a strong correlation with the activities of ionically, cell-wall-bound peroxidases but not with total soluble peroxidases or covalently wall-bound peroxidases. The effect of elevated [CO2] on lignin concentration of mature tissues was dependent on nutrient supply rate. In leaves and roots, elevated [CO2] increased the lignin concentration in dry mass in N-limited plants. In seedlings grown with high nutrient supply, the lignin concentration in dry mass was unaffected or diminished by elevated [CO2]. Because elevated [CO2] enhanced seedling growth in the high nutrient supply treatments, the total amount of lignin produced per seedling was higher in these treatments. We predict that long-term sequestration of carbon will increase as long as biomass production is stimulated by elevated [CO2] and that tissue quality will change depending on developmental stage and nutrient availability. 相似文献
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Apoplastic peroxidase activities were investigated in manganese-deficient and manganese-sufficient needles of field-grown Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L.). In Mn-sufficient needles, two sets of peroxidases, one with an alkaline pI >/= 9 and another with an acidic pI 相似文献
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木质素生物降解的化学反应机制 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
从化学反应的角度探讨了木质素过氧化物酶催化木质素生物降解的反应机制，通过对木质素结构和其化学反应性的分析，并结合白腐菌（Ｐｈａｎｅｒｏｃｈａｅｔｅｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）的木质素降解酶类对木质素模型化合物的降解研究，总结出木质素多聚物生物降解的整个过程． 相似文献
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不同碳源对颗粒污泥反硝化过程中N2O产生量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在好氧颗粒污泥系统稳定运行的基础上,考察不同碳源变化对好氧颗粒污泥脱氮过程的N2O的释放量和脱氮效果的影响。当以甲醇作为碳源,在整个缺氧过程中随着氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐浓度的降低,系统中的N2O浓度也随之下降,反硝化过程中N2O浓度最高值为0.42mg/L,在缺氧条件下甲醇作为外部碳源所产生溶解态的N2O浓度最高为0.082mg/L。以乙醇作为投加碳源,当好氧结束时,释放气体中N2O浓度为1.21mg/L,在整个缺氧过程中N2O浓度逐渐下降,产生的N2O浓度最高值为0.87 mg/L,同时所产生溶解态的N2O浓度最高仅为0.077 mg/L。结果表明,在反硝化过程中向系统投加的作为外部碳源的甲醇与乙醇在充足的情况下,均能在好氧颗粒污泥反硝化过程中检测到有N2O生成,但是N2O生成量很小,可以忽略不计。因此,投加不同的碳源对好氧颗粒污泥反硝化过程中N2O生成影响不大。 相似文献
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Peroxidase activity staining localized at hyphal tips of white-rot fungus Phanerochaete crassa WD1694 that was cultivated in a shaken liquid culture containing unbleached kraft pulp was investigated. Manganese peroxidase was detected in culture solution, washing solution of mycelium, and mycelial extract. Glyoxal oxidase was detected only in mycelial extract and was not detected in culture solution. Addition of hydrogen peroxide generated peroxidase activity staining in the culture solution. Addition of catalase resulted in no staining in the culture of P. crassa WD1694, and the addition of methylglyoxal resulted in marked peroxidase activity staining at hyphal tips and on hyphal wall. In an optimized culture, glyoxal oxidase was produced in culture solution. Although the production of glyoxal oxidase and manganese peroxidase had a positive correlation, the secretion and the peak of glyoxal oxidase was observed 3 and 2 days later than those of manganese peroxidase. The N-terminal sequence of purified glyoxal oxidase had very high homology with that of P. chrysosporium. These results elucidated the hydrogen peroxide supply system in lignin biodegradation by white-rot fungi, i.e., while remaining on the hyphal cell wall, glyoxal oxidase provides hydrogen peroxide to manganese peroxidase that had diffused into the culture solution beforehand. 相似文献
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以一株从腐朽竹子上分离得到的侧耳菌（Pleurotus sp．）GH196为产酶菌，研究了其在静置和振荡两种液体培养方式下的木质纤维素降解酶系的产生。结果表明：在含有稻草和麦麸的液体培养基中生长，可以产生木聚糖酶、纤维素酶和依赖锰过氧化物酶-漆酶型（MnPLaccas型）木质素降解酶。振荡条件可以促进菌丝生长，有利于多糖水解酶的产生，其中以木聚糖酶的合成为主；150r／min振荡培养5d，木聚糖酶酶活达到44．7U／mL。 相似文献
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微波等离子体处理木材表面光电子能谱分析 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
XPS是固体木材表面组成分析最有效和最灵敏的工具之一。本研究使用XPS研究木材微波等离子体处理前后表面化学组成的变化。经微波等离子体处理后 ,C1的含量降低而C2 、C3含量增加 ,并伴随C4生成 ,表明纤维素和 /或木素上羟基含量的增加。微波等离子体处理还在木材表面引入了N元素 ,推测有亲水的 -NH2 生成。比较了相同工作条件下 ,N2 、O2 及空气等离子体对木材表面化学组成影响 ,结果表明 :O2的影响最显著而N2 最弱 ,氧的影响还存在其特殊性。 相似文献
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Katsunobu Ehara Yuka Iiyoshi Yuji Tsutsumi Tomoaki Nishida 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(2):180-183
A possible role of Tween 80 in the polyethylene degradation by manganese peroxidase (MnP) and the basis of the MnP action in the absence of hydrogen peroxide were investigated. The MnP activity in the system was retained its maximum level for 6 days in the presence of Tween 80. Tween 20 and CHAPSO stabilized MnP in the system similarly to Tween 80, and these surfactants also promote the polyethylene degradation. The system containing malonate buffer, Mn(II), and MnP produced Mn(III) in the absence of hydrogen peroxide, but the effect of Tween 80 addition on Mn(III) production in the absence of hydrogen peroxide was small. The results show that Mn(III) is generated by the MnP action initiated and amplified by the decomposition of malonate by Mn(III) and that a surfactant such as Tween 80 is required to stabilize MnP in the system.This study was presented in part at the 42nd lignin symposium, Sapporo, October 1997 and the 43rd lignin symposium, Fuchu, Tokyo, October 1998 相似文献
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The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete crassa WD1694 was cultivated and peroxidase activity staining was performed to determine the sites at which the extracellular peroxidase
reaction actually occurs in vivo. Although the ligninolytic peroxidases were found in the culture filtrates, the culture medium
did not show a color reaction. However, a particularly strong color reaction was observed on the hyphal tips. Visible spectra
and absorbance of the staining were analyzed by microspectrophotometry, and the catalytic rates of the peroxidase reaction
at the hyphal tips were calculated. The estimated catalytic rate of the peroxidase reaction at the hyphal tips peaked at 794
μM/min, expressed as the consumption rate of H2O2, on day 3 of the cultivation. Analysis of the extracellular enzyme eluted with 0.1% Tween 80 from the mycelium revealed that
manganese peroxidase accounted for 89% of all the peroxidase activity measured. The results clearly showed the existence of
the concentrated manganese peroxidase reaction around the hyphal tips of the organism. 相似文献