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微生物降解褐煤产生的黄腐酸对大豆种子萌发及主要抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了微生物降解褐煤产生的黄腐酸(FA)对大豆萌发过程中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响,以期揭示FA促进种子萌发的机理.结果表明:适宜浓度FA可以提高大豆萌发率,显著增加种子POD、CAT及SOD的活性.FA浓度为100 mg·kg-1时,CAT、SOD活性分别提高32.15%、24.5%;FA浓度为200 mg·kg-1时,大豆萌发率比对照提高34.6%,并且POD活性增加19.92%.而高浓度的黄腐酸对大豆萌发及抗氧化酶活性产生抑制作用.FA表现出类似生长调节剂的性质,适宜浓度的黄腐酸能提高大豆种子的萌发率,显著提高其抗氧化酶的活性,对种子萌发起到促进作用. 相似文献
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大蒜鳞茎浸提液对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明大蒜鳞茎浸提液对大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用,通过对大豆种子进行不同质量浓度(0,20,40,80,100 g·L^-1)大蒜鳞茎浸提液的处理,测定不同处理的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、根长、下胚轴长、植株鲜重、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量,并计算化感觉效应指数以及综合化感效应,探明大蒜鳞茎浸提液对大豆的化感效应。结果表明:大蒜鳞茎浸提液对大豆种子萌发及幼苗生长呈现低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的双重化感效应。浸提液质量浓度为20~40 g·L^-1时,对大豆种子萌发及幼苗生长具有一定的促进作用,SOD和CAT活性显著上升,MDA含量变化不大;浸提液质量浓度为80~100 g·L^-1时,对大豆种子和幼苗表现出明显的抑制作用,SOD和POD活性开始下降,MDA含量显著增加。此外,大豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的各项指标对大蒜化感物质的敏感程度不同,以对根长的化感作用较为敏感,可作为衡量大蒜对大豆化感作用的评价指标。 相似文献
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《中国麻业》2020,(1)
为研究S_(3307)适宜的浸种浓度及叶面喷施浓度,研究设置0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mg/L 5个浸种浓度和0、20、40、60、80 mg/L 5个叶面喷施浓度,浸种测定种子萌发数、胚根长和胚轴长;三叶期叶面喷施S_(3307)后测定SPAD值、净光合速率(P_N)、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,0.4 mg/L的S_(3307)浸种显著提高了工业大麻种子的发芽指数和活力指数。叶面喷施40 mg/L的S_(3307)可以显著增加工业大麻叶片的SPAD值和净光合速率(P_N),增加可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,增强SOD和POD活性,降低MDA含量。说明适宜浓度S_(3307)能够促进工业大麻种子萌发和叶片生理代谢。 相似文献
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以杂C-546为试材,采用10、20、40、80、160 mmol/L外源CaCl_2浸种和叶面喷施不同浓度处理种子,比较分析低温胁迫下玉米种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和幼苗叶片相对电导率、可溶性蛋白、Pn、Fv/Fm、POD和SOD活性等生理生化指标的变化。结果表明,在低温抑制玉米幼苗生长条件下,一定浓度CaCl_2(10~80 mmol/L)处理可降低玉米幼苗生长伤害程度。80 mmol/L CaCl_2浸种处理对玉米低温胁迫的缓解效果最佳,与对照比较,发芽率提高8%,发芽势提高24.6%,发芽指数提高33.2,相对电导率降低51.8%,可溶性蛋白含量增加76.3%,SOD活性增加35.7%。适宜浓度的CaCl_2在低温条件下可促进玉米种子的萌发,降低低温对玉米幼苗造成的伤害。 相似文献
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大豆蚜胁迫对不同抗蚜性大豆材料生理指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究不同大豆材料的抗蚜机理,初步研究了蚜虫胁迫后不同抗蚜性大豆材料叶片内MDA含量及各种保护酶活性的变化.结果表明:在接种大豆蚜24 h后,不同抗蚜性大豆材料MDA含量及SOD、POD、PPO和PAL活性均呈现上升的趋势,表现为抗蚜性越强,MDA含量变化越小,SOD、POD、PPO和PAL活性提高越明显.由此可见,在蚜虫危害胁迫下,感抗品种间SOD、POD、PAL和PPO活性的变化程度与大豆的抗蚜性机理密切相关. 相似文献
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解磷菌DQ-N对大豆种子萌发及苗期生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究解磷菌株DQ-N在大豆栽培上的应用潜力,以不同浓度DQ-N菌株发酵液浸种处理后,测定大豆萌发率、胚芽长及胚根长,并在田间小区试验中施用菌液处理,比较DQ-N菌株发酵液处理后大豆苗期根系发育及根部和叶片的抗氧化酶活性的变化.结果 表明:DQ-N菌株发酵液与水体积比为1∶30和1∶40时对大豆种子萌发率及胚根生长无影响,但可促进胚轴的伸长,而发酵液与水体积比较低时对种子萌发不利;田间施用菌液处理的大豆苗期根系的干重、根长、根尖数及根表面积等均显著高于对照组,且对大豆植株根部和叶片的相关抗氧化酶活性影响存在差异,其中菌液处理大豆苗根部的POD活性较培养基与水对照处理分别增加30％和35％,SOD活性则分别增加了25％和26％,但对叶部酶活性变化影响不显著.综上结果表明DQ-N菌株发酵液可以有效促进大豆根的抗逆能力. 相似文献
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《大豆科学》2015,(3)
以石豆1号为材料,通过水培试验,研究了不同浓度(10%、20%、30%和40%)废电池液对大豆种子萌发及贮藏物质变化的影响。结果表明:随着废电池液浓度的上升,大豆种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、下胚轴长、贮藏物质消耗率和运转效率都呈下降趋势,根(下胚轴)长抑制指数逐渐增大,其中当废电池液浓度为10%时,大豆萌发期根长和贮藏物质运转效率明显受到抑制,根长抑制指数显著提高;当废电池液浓度为20%时,大豆萌发期下胚轴长显著减少,下胚轴长抑制指数显著增加;当废电池液浓度为30%,大豆种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及贮藏物质消耗率均显著下降。说明本试验中30%废电池液浓度对大豆种子萌发有显著抑制作用。 相似文献
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大豆种子发芽期耐旱性鉴定的适宜PEG-6000浓度筛选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以抗旱性不同的3个大豆品种(湘豆3号、Lee68和宁镇1号)为试材,研究了不同浓度(5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%)的PEG-6000模拟发芽期干旱胁迫对大豆种子发芽、子叶苗膜脂过氧化以及渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明:10%以下的PEG-6000能起引发作用,促进大豆种子的萌发,显著提高发芽势和发芽率;随着PEG-6000浓度的升高,大豆种子的发芽明显受抑制,当PEG-6000浓度大于25%时抑制更明显,发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和简易活力指数显著下降;随着PEG-6000浓度的升高,大豆子叶苗中的丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶蛋白和可溶性糖含量显著增加,PEG-6000浓度在15%~25%间增加幅度最大,PEG-6000浓度小于15%或大于25%时增加不明显。综合种子发芽、子叶苗的膜脂过氧化程度以及渗透调节物质含量的变化,可初步确定室内采用PEG-6000浸种法模拟干旱胁迫鉴定大豆发芽期耐旱性的适宜浓度为20%~25%。 相似文献
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不同浸种处理对4种杜鹃花杂交种子萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取毛鹃与4个不同的杜鹃花品种杂交获得的种子作为试验材料,通过不同的温度(常温、40℃和60℃)、不同浓度的硼酸(0.2%和0.5%)和赤霉素(200、1 000、1 500 mg/L)浸种处理,统计各参试杂交种子的萌发率、发芽势、平均发芽时间和发芽指数,结果表明:杂交种子于播种后第4天开始发芽,持续10 d,第7~9天为发芽最高峰;不同的杂交后代或浸种方法或两者的交互作用对种子的萌发率和发芽势都有显著影响;40℃浸种和GA_3浸种处理均能显著提高种子的萌发率和发芽势,并且200~1 000 mg/L浓度GA_3处理能提高种子的发芽能力,缩短MGT,而硼酸浸种无明显作用。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献