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1.
该项试验共分2个部分.(1)造林密度试验,小区面积为600
m2,5个处理,即1 667株.hm-2(A)、3 333株.hm-2(B)、4～983株.hm-2(C)、6 633株.hm-2(D)、9967株.hm-2(E);(2)造林密度调控试验,造林设计方法与造林密度试验相同,但在林分生长过程中,按密度管理图的密管线0.5为标准进行间伐,间伐后保留密度要与临近的下一个初植密度较稀植的林分密度基本相同,两者进行比较.试验结果(1)造林密度试验,优势高、平均高、平均胸径均随年龄的增加而递增,随密度的增加而递减,优势高9a、平均高6
a、平均胸径5 a,密度间差异已达显著性水平;林分蓄积量则随年龄增加而递增,5～7
a,密度间差异显著,8～18a,只有A密度与E、D密度差异显著;枝下高随密度、年龄的增加而递增,12～a后,C、D、E密度间的差异很小;冠幅随密度的增加而递减,随年龄的增加而递增,9～10a后,各密度则随年龄增加而缓慢递减.(2)造林密度调控试验,同一指数级,间伐后的林分与其密度基本相同未间伐的林分比较,其优势高、平均高差异不明显;立木蓄积前者小于后者;总蓄积(立木蓄积+间伐蓄积)前者大于后者;同一指数级,初植密度不同的林分,间伐后与密度基本相同未间伐林分的蓄积百分比,初植密度大的大于初植密度小的;指数级不同,而初植密度相同的林分,间伐后与密度基本相同未间伐的林分总蓄积百分比,高指数级的比值大于低指数级的比值. 相似文献
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为探索湿地松优质高产纸浆原料林密度控制与管理技术,进行了不同初植密度造林与间伐试验.试验结果表明:8a生、12a生密度试验林不同密度林分胸径、树高、蓄积量和总产量有极显著差异,8a生密度试验林不同密度林分木材性有极显著差异.林分在8a生时,平均树高生长效应是林分越密树高越高,林分平均胸径生长效应是林分密度越小胸径越大,蓄积量的生长效应是林分越密蓄积越大,木材材性是以中等林分密度质量最好.营造湿地松高产优质纸浆原料林适宜初植模式为2 m×2 m、2 m×2.5 m,即初植密度分别为2 505株/hm2和1 995株/hm2,此时2 505株/hm2林分按下层间伐方式间伐25%、1 995株/hm2林分按下层间伐方式间伐20%后4 a(林分年龄为12 a),这二种密度林分蓄积分别为224.08 m3·hm-2和206.64 m3·hm-2,蓄积加间伐材材积的总产量分别为244.56 m3·hm-2和218.72 m3·hm-2.为培育出质量和产量兼优的湿地松纸浆原料林,当林分生长到8 a生时,应及时地进行一次抚育间伐,间伐强度为20%～25%. 相似文献
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通过对柳杉林进行不同强度的抚育间伐试验,考察其对林分生长的影响。试验结果表明:不同间伐强度对树高的生长无显著性影响,而对胸径生长、单株材积和单位面积蓄积生长的影响则有显著性差异,对于初植密度(株行距1.5×1.5m)每0.1公顷445株的柳杉林,间伐强度以30%为佳,即间伐30%株数时,有利于林分蓄积量的增加。 相似文献
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[目的]揭示南亚热带不同密度和立地条件下杉木人工林蓄积量发育规律。[方法]以广西大青山36 a生杉木密度试验林为研究对象,分析A(1 667株·hm~(-2))、B(3 333株·hm~(-2))、C(5 000株·hm~(-2))、D(6 667株·hm~(-2))、E(10 000株·hm~(-2))5种初植密度杉木人工林总蓄积、活立木蓄积动态变化。[结果]初植密度与立地对林分活立木蓄积生长的影响与总蓄积一致。中幼龄阶段林分总蓄积与初植密度和立地正相关,初植密度愈高,立地指数愈大,林分蓄积生长量愈大;但15 a后中等密度林分总蓄积最大。林分蓄积连年生长高峰随密度增大而愈早;平均生长达高峰后下降,密度越大下降越早、下降趋势越明显;林分蓄积连年生长量、平均生长量大多分别在10、14 a达到高峰,林分蓄积生长率降到3%时林龄为19～25 a。[结论]随初植密度增大,立地指数对林分总蓄积的影响程度减弱。若以蓄积生长量最大为培育目标,16指数级以C密度为最适宜造林密度。南亚热带杉木林首次间伐、最后间伐、主伐时间分别为10、14、25 a;主伐林龄不宜早于19 a,且初植密度愈低主伐林龄更晚,A、B密度林分的主伐林龄可推迟到25 a。 相似文献
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桉树大径材培育是实现当前桉树产业可持续发展的有效途径。林分密度直接影响林木胸径生长,间伐是调整林分密度最为常用的手段。本试验以6 a生不同种植密度桉树优良无性系试验林为研究对象,探讨了进行不同强度的一次性间伐后,12 a生林分生长、径级分布、大径材生长及木材收益的变化。研究结果表明：不同种植密度与间伐强度试验林,林分胸径、树高、枝下高、冠幅、单株材积及林分蓄积量差异显著。其中,以1 100株·hm-2种植密度+30%～50%间伐强度处理,林分胸径、树高、枝下高、冠幅、单株材积生长量最大,以1 100～1 650株·hm-2种植密度未间伐时林分蓄积量最大;径级分布受种植密度与间伐强度影响显著,大径级(≥28 cm)林木数量占比以低种植密度(1 100株·hm-2)+30%～50%强度间伐时较大,为82%～92%;间伐后林分保留株数与大径材蓄积量无关(R2=0.31),与林分中大径材蓄积量占比、大径材单株出材量、大径材出材率呈明显的负相关线性关系(R2=0.77～0.85);不同种... 相似文献
7.
马尾松天然次生林间伐效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于平均年龄为23年生、地位指数为14和12的2种立地的马尾松天然次生林中,分别设置固定标准样地,并分别设计5个和6个密度水平,对其抚育间伐4年后的间伐效应进行研究。结果表明:不同地位指数的林分,其间伐前或间伐后立木径级分布均呈现正态分布的规律;间伐前林分分化强烈,立木径级大小悬殊;间伐后林分最小株距和平均株距较接近,大径级林木比例提高;间伐4年后平均径级左右的立木比例明显增加。间伐4年后,当14地位指数林分的密度大于1 500株/hm2,12地位指数林分的密度大于1 950株/hm2时,其胸径离散度较间伐当年间伐后的反而明显增大;平均胸径和单株材积的增长均随保留密度的加大而减小,但单位面积蓄积量增长则在其适宜密度时最大;不同保留密度各处理间平均胸径、单株材积以及单位面积材积增长的差异均达极显著,但树高和比重增长的差异均不显著;间伐各处理的平均胸径、单株材积以及单位面积材积增长均大于对照;14地位指数马尾松林以保留密度为1 500/hm2处理的单位面积材积增长最大,增长30.29%;12地位指数马尾松林以保留密度为1 950/hm2处理的单位面积材积增长最大,增长24.38%。 相似文献
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利用16-21年生马尾松近熟林间伐密度试验林的观测资料,探讨了不同间伐强度对林分生长与效益的影响。结果表明,不同间伐保存密度(450、600、750、900、1 036株/hm2)对林分生长、林分结构及材种规格均有显著影响。其中林分胸径、单株材积、冠幅随密度增大而减小,密度对树高生长无显著影响;不同间伐密度的林分蓄积量与出材量随着时间推移差异变小;间伐有利于提高大径级林木株数比率从而提高材种规格与效益。根据21年生马尾松人工林生长规律与效益评价,16-21年生近熟林间伐密度保存在600-900株/hm2效益较好。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献