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我国魔芋5种新病害的识别与防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
魔芋是我国长江中上游地区的主要经济作物之一 ,大力发展魔芋生产已成为不少地区出口创汇的支柱产业之一 ,成为贫困山区农民脱贫致富奔小康的又一有效途径。随着魔芋规模化种植面积增加 ,魔芋软腐病等持续发生流行 ,且有不断发展蔓延的趋势 ,发病后产量损失一般为３０%～５０% ,甚至可造成大面积绝收。魔芋病害的严重发生已成为制约魔芋生产及相关产业发展的关键因子。为此 ,近几年来 ,对我国魔芋病害进行了初步研究 ,经查新检索 ,发现了５种新病害 ,并对其防治技术进行了初步研究 ,现简要介绍如下 :１病害的识别１．１魔芋白纹羽病（Ｒｏｓ… 相似文献
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随着魔芋作为“保健食品”和“工业味精”的巨大工业价值潜力的不断挖掘和发现,魔芋产业迅猛发展起来,成为21世纪我国的一个朝阳产业,正日益成为山区农业增效、农民增收、企业增利、财政增税的支柱产业和出口创汇产业。山区农民种植魔芋的积极性高涨,魔芋种植面积逐年增加。随着魔芋种植面积的不断扩大和种植规模化,魔芋病害的发生也日益严重,正逐步成为制约魔芋产业向纵深发展的瓶颈因素。农民为了追求种植魔芋的高效益,同一田块连作种植魔芋的现象很普遍,由于生产配套技术的相对落后、病害防治技术的严重缺乏等因素的影响,魔芋连作田的病害发生率比非连作田平均高出35%～50%,造成减产达50%～80%,有的甚至绝收,严重挫伤了农民种植魔芋的积极性。要突破魔芋连作障碍,还是必须转到依靠科技种植和预防魔芋病害的轨道上来。 相似文献
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魔芋是高经济价值作物,种植魔芋是我国秦巴、云贵区域的特色,是山区农民增收、脱贫致富的有效途径。由于良种缺乏、种植水平不高,魔芋病害重、产量低等这些问题,导致魔芋效益并不理想。本文首先分析魔芋生长环境的需求特性、生长面临的重大病害以及适宜的种植方式;进而总结魔芋生产各环节相关种植技术要点,形成一套魔芋绿色防病高效栽培技术体系;最后从品种、防病和栽培三个角度对魔芋研究与产业发展趋势进行展望。 相似文献
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岚皋县林下魔芋种植模式的实践与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
正林下魔芋种植模式是在魔芋基地建设上实施"林下种植,健康栽培,循环发展";其核心就是"从林中来,到林中去",在林田间循环,规避魔芋的白绢病、软腐病两种病害;是节本增效的新途径。主要发展方式是"主攻林下魔芋,突破四边堆载,提升大田规范化"。正是这一模式为魔芋生长提供了适宜的环境,有效的恢复了种性,抑制了魔芋病害的发生,解决了魔芋种芋繁育和露地越冬等技术问题,为魔芋大面积栽培、增产增收找到了新途径,对魔芋产区积极开展成 相似文献
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魔芋是一种产量高、经济效益好、销路畅的经济作物。近年来 ,我县部分乡镇把大力发展魔芋生产作为农民脱贫致富奔小康的有效途径。然而 ,随着魔芋规模化种植面积的增加 ,魔芋软腐病、根腐病、白绢病等病害持续发生流行 ,且有不断发展蔓延的趋势。其发病后产量损失一般在 30 %～ 5 0 % ,甚至可造成大面积绝收 ,严重制约了魔芋生产的发展 ,严重挫伤了农民种魔芋的积极性。魔芋病害是细菌侵染诱发的 ,防治比较困难 ,要达到理想的防治 ,必须采取综合防治措施。1 地块选择要选择土壤疏松肥沃 ,有机质含量高、排水良好的土块 ,调整土壤的 p H值 … 相似文献
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魔芋人工栽培,产量高、效益好,是广大农民致富的一条途径。近年来我县每年种植面积在3000亩以上。但是在魔芋种植过程中,病害倒苗十分严重,已构成魔芋高产的主要障碍。特别是低海拔地区病害尤为严重。为此我们进行了发生调查和防治措施的探讨。1 魔芋病害的发生种类与症状在本地区主要种类有软腐病和白绢病。1.1 软腐病是一种细菌性病害(Erwiniacarotovrus),一般6—7月始发生,8月份发病最盛。病菌随病残体在土壤中或球茎中越 相似文献
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魔芋 (Amorphophallus spp.) 是我国西南地区广泛种植的一种重要经济作物。2016~2018年在云南省发现一种由细菌侵染引起的珠芽魔芋新病害,症状表现为茎秆或叶片出现水渍状病斑,茎秆软化下垂,根部及球茎腐烂变褐,甚至整株倒伏。根据病害发病症状,并通过菌落形状、致病性测定、Biolog和16S rDNA测序分析,结果显示该病原菌在LB培养基上菌落呈近圆形,中央隆起,淡奶油色,质地均匀,表面光滑发亮;扫描和透射电子显微镜下观察显示,菌体形态呈短杆状,周生鞭毛,两端稍钝圆;基于16S rDNA扩增序列系统进化分析与已报道的Pectobacterium aroidearum strain CL1904-3 (MK875007) 相似性达99%以上,构建的系统进化树表明与P. aroidearum菌株亲缘关系最近,Biolog测定和16S rDNA序列分析均将该病原菌鉴定为软腐果胶杆菌 (P. aroidearum)。这是我国首次报道由P. aroidearum引起的珠芽魔芋软腐病害。研究结果进一步加深了人们对该病害的认识,为其防治提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Trabelsi Darine M.B. Allagui M. Rouaissi A. Boudabbous 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,70(4-6):142-148
Nine isolates of Phtophthora nicotianae were isolated from infected pepper plants. Their pathogenicity was studied in Capsicum annuum in comparison with P. nicotianae isolates from tomato and tobacco. The pathogenicity test showed that pepper isolates of P. nicotianae are adapted to their host. Banding patterns obtained by RAPD analysis with six oligonucleotide primers revealed polymorphism that grouped the isolates independently of the plant host. The polygenic dendrogram showed that pepper isolates were more similar to tomato isolates than to tobacco isolates. The RAPD bands of 1300 and 1500 bp, detected with primers OPD-01 and OPD-10, respectively, appeared specific to the most pathogenic pepper isolates. The OPK-08-1950 seems specific to the isolates of P. nicotianae from tomato. These results suggest that host specified might occur in P. nicotianae and that may be due to interspecific hybridization events resulting in novel pathogenic behavior. 相似文献
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Mohamed Béchir Allagui Philippe Lepoivre 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(9):887-894
Isolates of Phytophthora from pepper, produced in Tunisia, were characterised according to molecular and pathogenicity criteria. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the ITS1 region in the ribosomal DNA resulted in different sized fragments. The pepper isolates and P. nicotianae yielded a fragment of 310bp that distinguished it from P. capsici with a fragment of 270bp. The ribosomal RNA gene amplicons of both internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8 S of the pepper Phytophthora and P. nicotianae were digested with 8 endonucleases. The patterns generated, with the 2 enzymes that cut, were identical for both taxa. This molecular analysis corroborated the morphological and biological characteristics and suggests strongly that the isolates of Phytophthora from pepper belong to the species P. nicotianae. Inoculation of pepper, tomato, eggplant and tobacco plants with the isolates of P. nicotianae from pepper showed they were highly pathogenic on pepper but not on tobacco, while their pathogenicity was weak on tomato and eggplant and was associated with atypical symptoms not observed in the field. These pathogenicity tests suggest that pepper isolates of P. nicotianae are particularly adapted to their host and may thus constitute a forma specialis of P. nicotianae. 相似文献
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Hideki Watanabe Yoshihiro Taguchi Mitsuro Hyakumachi Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(2):81-88
Pythium and Phytophthora species were isolated from kalanchoe plants with root and stem rots. Phytophthora isolates were identified as Phytophthora nicotianae on the basis of morphological characteristics and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the rDNA-internal
transcribed spacer regions. Similarly, the Pythium isolates were identified as Pythium myriotylum and Pythium helicoides. In pathogenicity tests, isolates of the three species caused root and stem rots. Disease severity caused by the Pythium spp. and Ph. nicotianae was the greatest at 35°–40°C and 30°–40°C, respectively. Ph. nicotianae induced stem rot at two different relative humidities (60% and >95%) at 30°C. P. myriotylum and P. helicoides caused root and stem rots at high humidity (>95%), but only root rot at low humidity (60%). 相似文献
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大豆枯萎病菌尖孢镰孢遗传多样性及大豆品种抗性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
了解大豆枯萎病菌的群体遗传特征及明确大豆种质对大豆枯萎病的抗性,对抗病育种、抗性品种的合理布局以及制定更有效的病害防治策略具有重要的参考价值。本研究利用随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD),对采自我国不同地区的大豆枯萎病菌—尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)进行遗传多样性分析,筛选到10个多态性随机引物,共扩增出75条RAPD条带,其中55条为多态性条带,占73.3%。利用UPGMA法对DNA扩增图谱进行聚类分析,以相似系数0.68为阈值,55个分离物可分为9个遗传聚类组,表明我国大豆枯萎病菌具有丰富的种内遗传多样性,所划分的群体与分离物来源地不相关。同时,对上述分离物进行致病性分析,发现我国的大豆枯萎病菌具有明显的致病力分化现象。进一步利用3个代表性分离物对来自我国不同大豆产区的180个大豆品种(资源)进行抗大豆枯萎病鉴定,发现皖豆28、中黄13、中黄51、中作X08076和5D034等5个品种对大豆枯萎病具有良好抗性,占供试材料的2.8%,表明不同大豆品种对枯萎病的抗性存在一定的差异。 相似文献
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Toyozo Sato Tadaoki Inaba Mitsutaka Mori Ken Watanabe Keisuke Tomioka Etsuji Hamaya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(2):127-132
Based on inoculation experiments and morphological studies on the pathogenic isolates of Plectosporium spp., Microdochium blight (Hakuhan-byo in Japanese) of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) occurring in Japan was reconfirmed to be caused by Plectosporium tabacinum, and seedling blight (Kabugare-byo in Japanese) of ranunculus (Ranunculus asiaticus L.) was demonstrated to be caused by P. tabacinum. Both diseases are renamed Plectosporium blight in this article. Some isolates of the fungus appeared to have host specificity, whereas the others had either weak or no pathogenicity to pumpkin and ranunculus. 相似文献
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In four neighbouring regions of southern Italy, Basilicata, Campania, Apulia and Calabria, pepper and zucchini plants showing
Phytophthora blight symptoms, tomato plants with either late blight or buckeye rot symptoms, plants of strawberry showing
crown rot symptoms and declining clementine trees with root and fruit rot were examined for Phytophthora infections by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, using primers directed to nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat
sequences. All diseased plants and trees examined tested positive. The detected fungal-like organisms were differentiated
and characterized on the basis of primer specificity as well as through extensive restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP) and sequence analysis of PCR-amplified rDNA. Phytophthora capsici was identified in diseased pepper and zucchini plants, P. infestans was identified in tomato with late blight symptoms whereas buckeye rot-affected tomatoes and diseased strawberry plants proved
to be infected by P. nicotianae and P. cactorum, respectively. Declining clementine trees were infected with P. citrophthora and P. nicotianae in about the same proportion. Also, thirty-one pure culture-maintained isolates of Phytophthora which had previously been identified in southern Italy by traditional methods but were never examined molecularly, were examined
by RFLP and sequence analysis of PCR-amplified nuclear rDNA. Among these, an isolate from gerbera which had previously been
identified by traditional methods only at genus level, was assigned to P. tentaculata. For the remaining pure culture-maintained isolates examined, the molecular identification data obtained corresponded with
those delineated by traditional methods. Most of the diseases examined were already known to occur in southern Italy but the
pathogens were molecularly detected and fully characterized at nuclear rDNA repeat level only from other geographic areas,
very often outside Italy. A new disease to southern Italy was the Phytophthora blight of zucchini. This is also the first
report on the presence and molecular identification of P. tentaculata from Italy. 相似文献
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Pineapple heart rot isolates from Ecuador reveal a new genotype of Phytophthora nicotianae 
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下载免费PDF全文 Pineapple heart rot disease, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae (syn. P. parasitica), is responsible for significant annual reductions in crop yield due to plant mortality. In Ecuador, new infections arise during the rainy season and increase production costs due to the need for biocontrol and fungicide applications. Studies of P. nicotianae population structure suggest that certain genetic groups are associated with host genera; however, it is not clear how many host‐specific lineages of the pathogen exist or how they are related. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of genetic variation in the P. nicotianae population causing heart rot disease of pineapple in Ecuador and compare the genotypes found on pineapple to those previously reported from citrus, tobacco and ornamentals. Thirty P. nicotianae isolates collected from infected pineapple leaves from four farms were genotyped using nine simple sequence repeat loci. In addition, the DNA sequences of mitochondrial loci cox2 + spacer and trnG‐rns were analysed. Together, these loci supported a single clonal lineage with two multilocus genotypes differing in a single allele and low mitochondrial diversity. This lineage was distinct but closely related to isolates collected from vegetables and ornamentals in Italy. The results support the hypothesis of host specialization of P. nicotianae in intensive cropping systems and contribute to the understanding of population structure of this important pathogen. 相似文献
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Mehmet E. Göre Nedim Altın Kevin Myers David E. L. Cooke William E. Fry Göksel Özer 《Plant pathology》2021,70(4):898-911
Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is considered the most important and destructive disease of potato in Turkey. In this study, characterization of 367 isolates of P. infestans obtained from the potato-growing areas of the country was carried out to evaluate the pathogen population structure over the 2017–2019 production seasons. The isolates were characterized by numerous features including mating type, in vitro mefenoxam sensitivity, simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and virulence against a set of potato differential lines. Most isolates were A2 mating type (353 isolates). Also, 68% of isolates were resistant to mefenoxam; the remainder were intermediate in their sensitivity and there were no sensitive isolates. SSR-based genotypic analysis of P. infestans populations showed a low genetic diversity. The 13_A2 clonal lineage predominated with a frequency of 92.1%, followed by 34_A1 (3.3%) and 37_A2 (2.7%). Genotypes 34_A1 and 37_A2 were detected only in 2019. This is the first report of 34_A1 and 37_A2 clonal lineages causing late blight disease of potato in Turkey. The most abundant virulence type was one overcoming resistance genes R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R10, and R11. These results emphasized that the migration of individuals and the asexual generation of subclonal differences were the main factors driving the population structure of P. infestans in Turkey. 相似文献
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Antonio Ippolito Leonardo Schena Franco Nigro Vincenza Soleti ligorio Thaer Yaseen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(8):833-843
Two primers, specific for Phytophthora nicotianae (Pn6) and P. citrophthora (Pc2B), were modified to obtain Scorpion primers for real-time identification and detection of both pathogens in citrus nursery soils and roots. Multiplex PCR with dual-labelled fluorogenic probes allowed concurrent identification of both species ofPhytophthora among 150 fungal isolates, including 14 species of Phytophthora. Using P. nicotianaespecific primers a delayed and lower fluorescence increase was also obtained from P. cactorumDNA. However, in separate real-time amplifications, the aspecific increase of fluorescence from P. cactorum was avoided by increasing the annealing temperature. In multiplex PCR, with a series of 10-fold DNA dilutions, the detection limit was 10 pg l-1 for P. nicotianaeand 100 pg l–1 for P. citrophthora, whereas in separate reaction DNA up to 1 pg l-1 was detected for both pathogens.Simple and rapid procedures for direct DNA extraction from soil and roots were utilised to yield DNA whose purity and quality was suitable for PCR assays. By combining these protocols with a double amplification (nested Scorpion-PCR) using primers Ph2-ITS4 amplifying DNA from the main Phytophthora species (first round) and PnB5-Pn6 Scorpion and Pc2B Scorpion-Pc7 (second round), it was possible to achieve real-time detection of P. nicotianaeand P. citrophthora from roots and soil. The degree of sensitivity was similar to that of traditional detection methods based on the use of selective media. The analyses of artificially and naturally infested soil showed a high and significant correlation between the concentration of pathogen propagules and the real-time PCR cycle threshold. 相似文献