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1.
章龙珍  朱卫  王妤 《海洋渔业》2014,(2):170-176
以鱼粉作为蛋白源(40%),鱼油和豆油(1∶1)为脂肪源,配制了脂肪水平分别为4.16%(L1)、7.42%(L2)、10.68%(L3)、14.20%(L4)、16.56%(L5)、19.62%(L6)6种等氮饲料,对点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)幼鱼(28.09±0.60)g进行了8周的实验,探讨了饲料脂肪水平对点篮子鱼消化性能和健康状况的影响。实验结果表明,胃蛋白酶活性在饲料脂肪水平为L4时最高,显著高于脂肪水平为L1、L5、L6的酶活性(P0.05),脂肪水平L4与L2、L3之间无显著性差异(P0.05);幽门盲囊中蛋白酶活性在脂肪水平L2和L3时最高;肠道和肝脏蛋白酶活性远低于胃和幽门盲囊,在中肠和肝脏中均以脂肪水平为L4时显示出较高的蛋白酶活性。前肠脂肪酶活性在饲料脂肪水平为L3时最高,且与其它组差异显著(P0.05);后肠中脂肪酶活性在脂肪水平为L4时活性最高,且脂肪水平L4与L2、L3之间无显著性差异(P0.05);胃、幽门盲囊和肝脏脂肪酶活性低于肠道,且不受脂肪水平的影响,在不同脂肪水平间无显著差异(P0.05);幽门盲囊淀粉酶活性在饲料脂肪水平为L3时最高,显著高于脂肪水平L1、L2、L5、L6各组(P0.05),与L4组间则无显著性差异(P0.05)。胃、肠道、肝脏淀粉酶活性较低,随着脂肪水平升高,胃、肠道淀粉酶活性呈下降趋势,肝脏淀粉酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势。血液中胆固醇浓度随着饲料脂肪水平的升高而增高;谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性随着饲料脂肪水平的升高大致呈逐渐显著降低趋势,分别在L3、L4时达到最低,L3、L4、L5组间无显著性差异(P0.05);碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性随脂肪水平的升高呈上升趋势,L2、L3、L4组间无显著性差异,但均显著高于L1,低于L5、L6;尿素(UREA)含量则呈下降的趋势。饲料中脂肪水平为10.68%~14.20%时对消化酶活性有促进作用,有利于点篮子鱼的生长,过高或过低不利于其生长。  相似文献   

2.
本文探讨了饲料牛磺酸水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分及游离氨基酸含量的影响。选用体重为5.89±0.03g的罗非鱼300尾,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20尾。在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%的牛磺酸,配制成5种试验料,分别饲喂不同处理组的罗非鱼,饲养周期为56d。结果表明： 0.8%牛磺酸组罗非鱼增重率最高,且显著高于0%和1.6%组(P<0.05);饲料牛磺酸水平(0.4%-1.2%)显著提高了罗非鱼摄食率、肝脏指数和内脏指数,显著降低了饲料系数(P<0.05)。随着饲料牛磺酸水平的提高,鱼体粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量随之升高,鱼体水分和粗灰分含量随之降低(P<0.05);以增重率为指标,通过二次曲线回归分析得出罗非鱼饲料牛磺酸最适需要量为0.75%。罗非鱼血清、肝脏、肌肉和全鱼中牛磺酸含量与饲料牛磺酸含量存在正相关关系,且牛磺酸添加组血清、肝脏、肌肉和全鱼牛磺酸含量显著高于对照组相(P<0.05)。罗非鱼肝脏和肌肉中游离氨基酸含量随饲料牛磺酸含量的增加均呈逐渐下降的趋势,且牛磺酸添加组肝脏和肌肉中游离氨基酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

3.
为研究饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)的生长性能、肌肉质构指标及肝脏相关基因表达的影响,实验采用双因素3×2因子试验设计,制成蛋白质水平分别为40%、45%和50%,脂肪水平分别为6%和9%的6组试验饲料,饲喂均重为(293.11±7.84)g的中华鳖,8周后测定相关指标。结果显示:饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖存活率无显著影响,但对增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和肝体比均有显著影响。随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高,增重率和特定生长率均显著升高,45%和50%蛋白组增重率和特定生长率显著高于40%组,45%组饲料系数显著低于40%组,50%组的肝体比显著高于40%组。饲料脂肪含量对中华鳖生长性能无显著影响,9%脂肪组的肝体比显著高于6%组。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对肌肉水分和粗灰分含量无显著影响,肌肉蛋白质含量随着饲料蛋白质水平的增加先显著升高,然后在45%时达到稳定水平。肌肉脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平增加显著升高。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖四肢肌肉的回复性、弹性和凝聚性无显著影响,硬度、黏性和咀嚼性随着饲料蛋白质水平升高而显著升高,随着脂肪水平升高而显著下降。肝脏igf-I基因mRNA表达水平随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高而显著升高,9%脂肪组的肝脏igf-I和lpl基因mRNA表达水平显著高于6%组。综合中华鳖生长性能及营养品质的试验结果,温室养殖条件下,中华鳖饲料适宜的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为45%和6%。  相似文献   

4.
吉富罗非鱼对饲料中泛酸的需要量   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
黄凤  蒋明  文华  吴凡  刘伟  田娟  杨长庚 《水产学报》2014,38(9):1530-1537
选用初始体质量为(79.4±1.6)g吉富罗非鱼270尾,随机分成6组(每组3重复,每重复15尾),养殖于500 L养殖桶中,分别饲喂泛酸含量为0.5、4.8、9.5、18.2、36.3和74.4 mg/kg纯化饲料12周,研究确定其对泛酸的需要量。结果表明,随着饲料泛酸含量增加,吉富罗非鱼增重率、肝脏和肌肉泛酸含量均呈先线性增加后稳定的趋势;肥满度和肝体比呈先增加后降低的趋势,均以4.8 mg/kg组最高。全鱼水分含量先降低后增加,全鱼脂肪含量呈现与水分含量相反的趋势。肝总脂含量显著降低,添加组显著低于未添加组(P0.05)。血清高密度脂蛋白含量随着饲料泛酸含量的增加而显著增加(P0.05)。折线回归分析结果表明,吉富罗非鱼(80~350 g)获得最佳生长时对饲料泛酸需要量为10.5 mg/kg,饲料中12.6和13.5mg/kg泛酸可以分别使肝脏和肌肉泛酸累积量达到最大。  相似文献   

5.
以鱼油、豆油、亚麻籽油等比例混合,配成脂肪含量分别为5.45%(L1)、7.00%(L2)、10.44%(L3)、14.37%(L4)、16.34%(L5)、18.91%(L6)及20.15%(L7)的等氮饲料,饲喂俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)幼鱼[(6.20±0.02)g]8周。实验结果表明,L3组的终末体质量、增重率最大,但与L2组间无显著差异(P0.05),L3组的蛋白质效率显著高于其它组(P0.05),且饲料系数最低。L6和L7组终末体质量、增重率和蛋白质效率显著低于L2和L3组(P0.05)。将幼鱼的增重率与饲料脂肪水平进行回归分析,得出俄罗斯鲟幼鱼在饲料脂肪水平为10.69%时生长最佳。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,各组鱼的肝体比和体粗脂肪有上升趋势,其中肝体比在饲料脂肪含量大于14.37%时显著增大(P0.05)。血清中的甘油三酯、胆固醇含量也随脂肪水平升高而显著提高(P0.05),提示脂肪过高会影响俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的生长,降低蛋白质效率,导致脂肪在体内的过量积蓄。L7组鱼血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量最高,而L1组鱼的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量最高。肝脏脂蛋白酯酶活性随饲料脂肪水平的提高而升高,脂肪酸合成酶活性则随脂肪水平升高而降低,提示饲料脂肪水平的提高会促进鱼体脂肪的分解代谢。肝脏丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性均随着饲料脂肪水平的提高显著升高(P0.05),表明脂肪含量过高会导致脂质过氧化,引发机体抗氧化酶活性的升高。综合俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的生长、血液指标及抗氧化性能,建议生产中将幼鱼的饲料脂肪水平控制在7.00%~10.69%。  相似文献   

6.
本实验以我国重要的海水养殖鱼类大黄鱼[初始体质量(13.57±0.33)g]为研究对象,在浮式网箱中进行为期8周的摄食生长实验,探讨饲料脂肪水平和投喂频率对大黄鱼生长、体组成及脂肪沉积的影响。采用3×2双因子实验设计,其中饲料脂肪水平分别为9%、12%和15%,投喂频率分别为2次/天和1次/天。结果表明:投喂频率对大黄鱼特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FER)均有显著影响(P<0.05),而饲料脂肪水平仅对FER有显著影响(P<0.05)。2次/天投喂组的大黄鱼末体质量和SGR均显著高于1次/天投喂组,而饲料效率显著低(P<0.05)。在2次/天投喂时,各个饲料脂肪水平对SGR和FER没有显著影响(P>0.05)。而在1次/天投喂时,随着饲料脂肪水平的提高,SGR和FER均显著提高(P<0.05)。2次/天投喂组的大黄鱼全鱼水分含量显著低于1次/天投喂组,而粗脂肪含量显著高(P<0.05)。大黄鱼全鱼粗脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平的增加而显著升高(P<0.05)。然而在1次/天投喂时,饲料脂肪水平未对全鱼体粗脂肪含量产生显著影响(P>0.05)。大黄鱼的肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量、肝体比(HSI)以及脏体比(VSI)受到了饲料脂肪水平的显著影响(P<0.05)。在2次/天投喂时,肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量、HSI以及VSI随饲料脂肪水平的升高而显著增加(P<0.05);而在1次/天投喂时,各个饲料脂肪组大黄鱼肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量、HSI以及VSI均无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料脂肪水平和投喂频率仅对大黄鱼的生长、饲料效率的影响存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),而对大黄鱼体组成、形态学指标以及肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

7.
饲料糖水平对点篮子鱼生长性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
以鱼粉为蛋白源,糊精为糖源,配制等蛋白质(含量为35%)、等能量糖水平分别为5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,35%(标号分别为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6)的6组配合饲料,对点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)投喂56d,研究了饲料中糖水平变化对体重为34.45±10.61 g点篮子鱼生长、体成分和生物学指标的影响。结果显示,随着饲料糖水平的增加,点篮子鱼的摄食率和生长率呈先增加后降低的趋势,特定生长率(SGR)与饲料糖水平之间适宜的二次方程:y=0.455 1+0.012 5x-0.000 3x2(R2=0.913 7),点篮子鱼饲料中糖的最适添加水平为20.83%;饲料系数(FCR)和肌肉中粗脂肪含量与饲料中糖水平变化成正相关;高糖组(T6)鱼的肝脏中粗脂肪含量显著高于低糖组(P<0.05)。综合实验结果认为:点篮子鱼饲料糖适宜添加量为15%～25%。  相似文献   

8.
豆粕替代鱼粉对点篮子鱼生长性能的影响   总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5  
以豆粕替代鱼粉配置5组等氮(35%)等能(19.00 MJ/kg)饲料,豆粕∶鱼粉替代比分别为0∶1(D1)、1∶2(D2)、1∶1(D3)、2∶1(D4)、1∶0(D5),研究豆粕蛋白对体重(104.64±2.76) g点篮子鱼生长性状、体成分、生物学指标的影响,从而确定点篮子鱼饵料中最佳的动植物蛋白比。试验在室内圆锥形孵化桶中进行,分5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼。49 d养殖试验结果表明,饲料中豆粕含量对点篮子鱼生长有显著影响,特定生长速率(SGR)、增重率(WG)、摄食率(FI)与替代比成负相关,对照组(D1)［11.87(100 g)/d］FI显著高于全豆粕组(D5)［5.81(100 g)/d］。饲料系数(FCR)与替代比成正相关,D5组FCR高达2.97。饲料中豆粕含量水平对肌肉粗蛋白与水分含量无显著影响,对全鱼粗蛋白和脂肪影响显著,粗蛋白在D5组取得最小值19.11%。肝脏蛋白含量随饲料中豆粕含量增加呈先增加后降低趋势,高豆粕含量组肝脏脂肪含量显著低于低豆粕组。蛋白替代对点篮子生物学指标影响较小。综合考虑SGR、FCR、FI等指标,点篮子鱼饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉比不宜大于1∶2。但从肌肉营养品质方面考虑,替代比可以达到2∶1。  相似文献   

9.
为了解大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)幼鱼脂肪的需求量。试验分为5组,分别饲喂脂肪水平为3.92%(L1)、6.25%(L2)、8.36%(L 3)、10.75%(L4)、和12.91%(L5)的等氮等能饲料,养殖56 d后采样。结果显示:当饲料中脂肪水平从3.92%到8.36%逐渐增多时,鱼体增重率(WG)和特定生长(SGR)显著升高,饵料系数(FCR)明显降低;当饲料中脂肪含量继续增加时,鱼体WG和SGR呈下降趋势,FCR数则相反,且当饲料中脂肪水平为12.91%时,鱼体WG和FCR与饲料脂肪水平为8.36%时差异显著。大鳞鲃形体指标受饲料脂肪水平显著影响,其中,脏体比(VSI)随着饲料脂肪含量的升高而上升,而肝体比(HSI)却呈降低趋势,且当饲料中脂肪水平分别为10.75%和12.91%时,大鳞鲃幼鱼HSI显著低于对照组。饲料脂肪水平对全鱼、胴体和内脏的水分、粗蛋白和粗灰分显著影响较小,但仍能看出当饲料脂肪水平为6.25%时,全鱼的粗蛋白显著低于其他四组;全鱼、胴体和内脏的粗脂肪含量随饲料中脂肪水平的增加而上升,而肝脏中粗脂肪含量的变化趋势则相反,呈下降趋势。此外,以饲料中脂肪含量为自变量,分别以WG和FCR为因变量进行二次回归方程分析可得,大鳞鲃幼鱼WG最大时对脂肪的最适需求量为7.99%,而大鳞鲃幼鱼FCR最小时对脂肪的最适需求量为8.76%。综上可知,大鳞鲃幼鱼对饲料中脂肪的适宜需求量为7.99%~8.76%。  相似文献   

10.
在目前的水产配合饲料生产中,油脂一般以液态形式添加到饲料原料中或者在真空环境中喷涂到饲料颗粒上,以脂肪粉进行应用的研究报道很少。本研究以豆油(SO,亚油酸∶亚麻酸=9∶1)和一种由豆油和菜籽油等组成的复合油(BO,亚油酸∶亚麻酸=5∶1)为脂肪源,分别以液态和粉末形式添加到饲料原料中制备4种配合饲料(SOl、BOl、SOp、BOp)。用其在室内水族箱中喂养初始平均体质量为15.38 g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼8周后,各饲料投喂组鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、肝体比、脏体比无显著性差异。与豆油饲料(SOl)投喂组鱼相比,SOp组的肝脏过氧化氢酶及超氧化物岐化酶活性显著升高、肌肉粗灰分含量显著降低,SOp、BOl、BOp组的血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平、全鱼的水分含量都显著降低,肝脏总抗氧化能力、全鱼粗蛋白含量及肌肉剪切力都显著升高。此外,BOp组的血清过氧化氢酶活性及肌肉硬度显著高于SOl、BOl、SOp组。肝脏和肌肉的脂肪酸组成各组间差异不大,均反映饲料的脂肪酸组成。研究表明,与液态油相比,脂肪粉饲料对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的生长无不良影响,且可改善鱼的健康及肌肉品质;复合油的效果优于豆油。结合脂肪粉具有包装、运输、储存、添加方便等优点,值得在水产养殖生产中进行推广应用。  相似文献   

11.
本研究旨在探讨不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)幼鱼生长、体成分以及肌肉氨基酸含量的影响。采用蛋白质水平为40%、45%、50%和55%,脂肪水平为8%和16%,共8组实验饲料。在水温为(16±0.2)℃的循环流水水族箱系统内进行为期10周的养殖试验。采用常规生化分析方法对该鱼肌肉营养学组成及含量进行测定分析。研究结果表明,不同蛋白和脂肪水平对细鳞鲑幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、肥满度和肝体比等均有显著影响(P0.05)。随着蛋白水平增加,增重率、特定生长率、肥满度和肝体比率先升高后降低,其肌肉粗蛋白含量也随之显著升高(P0.05),而对粗脂肪和粗灰分不存在显著影响;随着脂肪水平增加,其肌肉粗脂肪含量也随之显著提高(P0.05),而对水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量不存在显著影响。肌肉中共测定出17种氨基酸(除色氨酸),不同蛋白和脂肪水平对氨基酸总量(WTAA)和必需氨基酸的构成比例(WEAA/WTAA)不存在显著影响。综合生长性能与氨基酸模式的实验结果,本研究认为细鳞鲑幼鱼最适蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为50%和8%,适宜蛋能比为29.36 g/MJ。  相似文献   

12.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary lipid levels on growth performance and body composition of grouper Epinephelus coioides juveniles cultured in floating netcages (1.5 m × 1 m × 1.5 m). Six isonitrogenous diets (53% dietary protein) with increasing dietary lipid concentration (5.16, 7.38, 9.73, 12.36, 14.13, 16.04% of dry material, DM) were fed to satiation to triplicate groups of 20 fish (mean weight: 10.9 ± 0.1 g) for 56 days. Dietary energy levels were 300, 322, 340, 371, 382, 400 kcal/100 g DM, respectively. Fish fed the 9L diet had the highest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), but they were not significantly different from that of fish fed the 7L or 12L diet (p > 0.05). FI varied inversely with dietary lipid levels. The poorest FCR and the lowest PER were observed in fish fed the 5L diet but these parameters showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) for fish fed the dietary lipid level ranging from 9 to 16%. Nitrogen intake decreased with dietary lipid levels. Fish fed the 7L diet showed the highest N gain, which was not markedly different from that of fish fed the 9L and 12L diets (p > 0.05). N retention was significantly lower in fish fed the 5L diet than in the other groups. Lipid intake and lipid gain increased with dietary lipid levels. Lipid retention (%) of the 7L diet was lowest but showed no significant differences among other treatments (p > 0.05). Proximate composition of fish body was significantly affected by dietary lipid level (p < 0.05). Body lipid content increased in direct proportion to dietary lipid levels. In contrast, moisture content of whole-body was correlated negatively to dietary lipid level. Dietary lipid content had no significant effect on protein content in whole-body and white muscle (p > 0.05). Condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) increased with increasing dietary lipid level. Based on second-order polynomial regression analysis of WG against dietary lipid level, a breakpoint of 10.0% was indicated to be the optimal dietary lipid concentration for maximum growth for grouper Epinephelus coioides juveniles cultured in floating netcages.  相似文献   

13.
A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary lipid level on the growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and blood chemistry of juvenile starry flounder. Five isonitrogenous diets with increasing dietary lipid levels (6%, 10%, 14%, 18% and 22% dry material) were each fed to triplicate groups of starry flounder (29.9 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed the 6% lipid diet were significantly lower than the other groups, while there was no significant difference in fish fed the 10%, 14%, 18% and 22% lipid diets. Body lipid content increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. The moisture content of the whole body was negatively correlated to the dietary lipid level. The dietary lipid level also affected the lipid content of the dorsal muscle positively. Liver lipid content increased as the dietary lipid level increased from 6% to 14% and then decreased. With increasing dietary lipid level, the nitrogen retention achieved the highest value when the fish were fed the 14% lipid diet, but there were no significant differences with the 10% and 22% groups. The plasma total protein content first showed an increasing and then a decreasing trend with increasing dietary lipid level, and it was significantly higher in the 14% lipid group than other groups. Based on the WG response using the broken‐line model, the optimum dietary lipid level for juvenile starry flounder was estimated to be 10.62% in the experiment.  相似文献   

14.
Optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile rockfish were determined. Eight hundred and ten juvenile fish averaging 3.22 g were randomly chosen and distributed into 27 flow‐through tanks of 50 L (30 fish per tank). Nine experimental diets were prepared according to a 3 × 3 factorial experimental design: three crude protein levels (45%, 50% and 55%) × three crude lipid levels (11%, 15% and 19%). Crude protein and crude lipid levels increased at the expense of dextrin and cellulose in the experimental diets. Survival of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or lipid level. Weight gain of fish was affected by dietary protein level, but not by dietary lipid level. Weight gain of fish fed the 50P‐15L (50% protein and 15% lipid) diet was higher than that of fish fed the 45% protein diets regardless of lipid level, but not different from that of fish fed the 50P‐11L (50% protein and 11% lipid), 50P‐19L (50% protein and 19% lipid), 55P‐11L (55% protein and 11% lipid), 55P‐15L (55% protein and 15% lipid) and 55P‐19L (55% protein and 19% lipid) diets. Feed consumption of fish was affected by dietary protein level, but not by dietary lipid levels. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) of fish was affected by dietary protein level, but not by dietary lipid level. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish was affected by dietary protein level, but not by dietary lipid level. Nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) of fish fed the 45P‐19L diet was higher than that of fish fed the 45P‐11L, 50P‐11L, 50P‐15L, 50P‐19L, 55P‐11L, 55P‐15L and 55P‐19L diets, but not different from that of fish fed the 45P‐15L diet. Moisture, crude protein and crude lipid contents of fish was affected by dietary protein and/or lipid level. Plasma triglyceride of fish was affected by dietary lipid level, but not by dietary protein level. In conclusion, optimum protein and lipid levels for growth and feed utilization (PER and NRE) for juvenile rockfish were 50% and 15%, and 45% and 19%, respectively, and the optimum dietary protein‐to‐energy ratio of 27.4 and 23.9 mg protein kJ?1.  相似文献   

15.
A 6-week feeding trial with four dietary protein levels (22%, 32%, 42% and 52%) and two dietary lipid levels (10% and 19%) was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary protein and lipid level for the growth of bagrid catfish fingerlings (0.92±0.01 g initial weight). Survival of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or dietary lipid level. Specific growth rate of fish fed the diets containing 10% lipid increased with increasing protein level and that of fish fed the diets containing 19% lipid increased with increasing protein level up to 42%. Feed efficiency of fish fed the 42% protein diet with 19% lipid and 52% protein diet with 10–19% lipid was higher than that of other groups. Daily feed intake of fish decreased with increasing dietary protein level at both lipid levels and showed a tendency toward higher values at 10% lipid diets than at 19% lipid diets. Protein efficiency ratio and protein retention of fish decreased with increasing dietary protein level, and those of fish fed the 19% lipid diet were higher than those of fish fed the 10% diet at 42% protein diet. Moisture content of fish fed 10% lipid diets was higher than that of fish fed 19% lipid diets, at each protein level. Crude lipid content of fish fed 19% lipid diets was higher than that of fish fed 10% lipid diets at each protein level. The results of this study indicate that an increase of dietary lipid level can improve growth and protein utilization, and the diet containing 42% protein with 19% lipid would be suitable for optimum growth and effective protein utilization of bagrid catfish fingerlings.  相似文献   

16.
为探讨饲料中添加不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、饲料利用以及糖代谢关键酶活力的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。设计了3个小麦淀粉水平(5%、10%和30%)和2个脂肪水平(5%和10%)的3×2的两因子实验,配制了6种等氮的饲料,分别喂养平均体质量为(6.75±0.12)g的大黄鱼幼鱼。结果显示,饲料中小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对大黄鱼增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)、成活率(SR)、肝体比(HSI)和肥满度(CF)无显著交互作用,对脏体比(VSI)有显著交互作用。在同一脂肪水平下,淀粉水平为30%组WG和SGR显著高于10%淀粉组。不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对肝糖原含量无显著交互作用,而对肌糖原含量有显著交互作用,在饲料脂肪水平为5%时,30%小麦淀粉水平下的肝糖原含量显著高于10%和20%淀粉水平,10%淀粉水平下的肌糖原含量显著高于20%和30%淀粉水平;在脂肪水平为10%时,10%淀粉水平下的肝糖原含量显著高于20%和30%淀粉水平,而30%小麦淀粉水平下的肌糖原含量显著高于10%和20%淀粉水平。小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量无显著交互作用,对总蛋白(TP)和甘油三酯(TG)交互作用显著。不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对肝脏脂肪酶活性有显著的交互作用,对淀粉酶活性无显著交互作用;同一脂肪水平下,脂肪酶的活性随着淀粉水平的升高而升高,同一饲料淀粉水平下,饲料脂肪水平为10%组的脂肪酶活性显著高于5%组。不同小麦淀粉和脂肪水平对肝脏丙酮酸激酶(PK)的活性有显著的交互作用,而对葡萄糖激酶(GK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、1,6-二磷酸果糖酶(FBPase)和6-磷酸葡萄糖酶(G6Pase)的活性均无显著交互作用。研究表明,当饲料脂肪水平为5%时,大黄鱼能够通过调节糖酵解关键酶活性及肝糖原含量来维持血糖平衡,改善对小麦淀粉的利用能力;而当脂肪水平为10%时,大黄鱼对小麦淀粉的利用能力降低。  相似文献   

17.
A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary threonine requirement of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea). Six diets were formulated containing 45% crude protein with six graded levels of threonine (0.71–2.46% in about 0.35% increment). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 60 juvenile fish (initial body weight 6.00 ± 0.10 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 16:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The result indicated that significant difference was observed in the weight gain among all treatments. Specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and nitrogen retention (NR) increased with increasing levels of threonine up to 1.75% diet (P < 0.05), and thereafter, declined. No significant differences in body dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid or ash content were found among dietary treatments. Theronine contents of fish muscle were significantly affected by dietary threonine levels (P < 0.05). Fish fed the diet with 0.71% threonine showed the lowest threonine content (2.94%) in fish muscle, while fish fed the diet with 1.75% threonine had the highest value (3.16%). Other essential amino acid contents of muscle were not significantly different among the dietary treatments. On the basis of SGR, FE or NR, the optimum dietary threonine requirements of juvenile L. crocea were estimated to be 1.86% of diet (4.13% of dietary protein), 1.90% of diet (4.22% of dietary protein) and 2.06% of diet (4.58% of dietary protein), respectively, using second‐order polynomial regression analysis.  相似文献   

18.
The influence of four formulated practical diets, with different protein and lipid levels, on the growth and body composition of black sea bass ( Centropristis striata L.) pre-adults was evaluated in a pilot-scale marine recirculating system. Four test diets were prepared with a combination of two protein levels (44% and 54%) and two lipid levels (10% and 15%). The diets were as follows: low protein and low lipid (LP:LL; 44:10), low protein and high lipid (LP:HL; 44:15), high protein and low lipid (HP:LL; 54:10) and high protein and high lipid (HP:HL; 54:15). Fish (mean weight=75.5 g) were fed the respective diets for 90 days. For fish fed LP:HL, body weight gain was significantly ( P <0.05) higher than fish fed LP:LL. Increasing the protein level from 44% to 54% did not produce a significant effect on weight gain at high lipid level. A significant ( P <0.01) interactive effect between dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth and feed utilization was observed. Total lipid content in the whole body, muscle and liver was significantly affected by the dietary lipid levels. The results suggested that a combination of 44% dietary protein and 15% lipid was optimal for the growth of black sea bass.  相似文献   

19.
Protein requirement of juvenile Manchurian trout Brachymystax lenok   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
SUMMARY: This study was conducted to determine the dietary protein requirement for the growth of juvenile Manchurian trout Brachymystax lenok . Three replicate groups of fish weighing 3.44 g were fed the five isocaloric diets containing various protein levels from 29% to 57% for 10 weeks. White fish meal was used as the sole protein source. Weight gain and feed efficiency of fish improved with increasing dietary protein level up to 43% and 49%, respectively, and reached a plateau above these levels. Dietary protein requirement using a broken-line model was estimated at 43.6% for weight gain of the fish. The protein efficiency ratio tended to decrease with increasing dietary protein level, but there was no significant difference among the diets containing 29%, 35% and 43% protein levels ( P > 0.05). The protein content of fish fed the 29% protein diet was significantly lower than that of fish fed the 57% protein diet ( P < 0.05). However, moisture, lipid and ash contents of fish were not significantly affected by dietary protein level ( P > 0.05). These findings indicate that 43–44% dietary protein level with 10% lipid and 19.2 MJ gross energy/kg diet could be recommended for the optimum growth and efficient protein utilization of juvenile Manchurian trout.  相似文献   

20.
Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of juvenile turbot was determined at optimum salinity and temperature conditions of 17 g L?1 and 19.2 °C, respectively, by using 3 × 2 (protein levels: 550, 600 and 650 g kg?1; lipid levels: 69 and 168 g kg?1) factorial design with three replications of each. Fish were hand‐fed to satiety twice daily throughout the feeding trial. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increased dietary lipid level, but not by dietary protein level. Daily feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by both dietary protein and lipid levels. Feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary lipid level, but not by dietary protein level. Moisture content of whole body was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary lipid level, but not by dietary protein level. Crude lipid content of whole body was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary lipid level, but not by dietary protein level. Significantly higher 20:5n?3, 22:6n?3 and n?3 highly unsaturated fatty acids were observed in turbot fed the low lipid diet than fish fed the high lipid diet in all protein levels, but significantly lower 18:2n?6 was observed in fish fed the former compared with the latter. In considering results of growth, specific growth rate and efficiency of feed, optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile turbot seemed to be 550 and 168 g kg?1 of the diet, respectively, under optimum salinity and temperature conditions.  相似文献   

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