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干旱胁迫下PEPC过表达增强水稻的耐强光能力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以过表达磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)的水稻为材料,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫下开花期剑叶光合作用的光响应过程、叶绿素荧光参数、色素含量和活性氧代谢。结果表明,在干旱特别是重度干旱胁迫下,野生型水稻在强光下净光合速率迅速下降,而转Zmppc基因水稻没有明显的下降现象; 而且表示光化学活性的叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP下降程度低,说明PEPC增强了干旱胁迫下水稻抵御强光胁迫的能力。这可能是因为干旱胁迫下转Zmppc基因水稻玉米黄质含量高,光系统对过剩光能的耗散能力强,能够保护光系统免受过剩光能的伤害,从而减小O2?产生速率; 同时干旱胁迫下转PEPC基因水稻抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT活性高,能有效清除活性氧,减轻膜质过氧化。 相似文献
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Homozygous transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants that accumulated glycinebetaine (GB) in larger quantities were more tolerant to salt than wild-type (WT) plants.
Four transgenic lines, namely 1, 3, 4, and 5, accumulated significantly higher levels of GB than WT plants did both before
and after salt stress. At 175 and 275 mM NaCl, seeds of all the transgenic lines germinated earlier and recorded a higher
final germination percentage, and the seedlings grew better, than those of the WT. Under salt stress, all the lines showed
some characteristic features of salt tolerance, such as higher leaf relative water content (RWC), higher photosynthesis, better
osmotic adjustment (OA), lower percentage of ion leakage, and lower peroxidation of the lipid membrane. Levels of endogenous
GB in the transgenic plants were positively correlated with RWC and OA. The results indicate that GB in transgenic cotton
plants not only maintains the integrity of cell membranes but also alleviates osmotic stress caused by high salinity. Lastly,
the seed cotton yield of transgenic lines 4 and 5 was significantly higher than that of WT plants in saline soil. This research
indicates that betA gene has the potential to improve crop’s salt tolerance in areas where salinity is limiting factors for agricultural productivity. 相似文献
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玉米ppc基因过表达对转基因水稻光合速率的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
通过转基因技术将外源ppc基因导入水稻以期增加产量是国内外的重要研究领域。然而,关于ppc基因过表达能否提高转基因水稻的光合速率至今尚无定论。本研究将玉米ppc基因导入水稻中花8号,获得大量转基因水稻植株。经PCR筛选、PEPC活性测定、Southern和Western杂交分析,表明玉米ppc基因已经整合到受体水稻基因组中,并得到了正确和高效的表达。测定了温室内种植的T1代6个PEPC活性不同的转基因水稻植株的光合速率,只有活性最高的株系的光合速率显著增加,增加的幅度为27.3%。在旱作栽培条件下测定了T3代33个转基因株系的光合速率,结果表明在高温、高光强下,绝大多数转基因水稻的光合速率增加,最大提高了68.8%。比较6个转基因株系的T1和T3代看到,逆境胁迫条件下转基因水稻光合速率明显提高。以上结果表明水稻中导入ppc基因可以提高其光合速率,特别是逆境条件下的光合速率。 相似文献
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稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)根型ppc基因对水稻的遗传转化及其对光合速率的调节效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)是稻田中的C4光合型杂草,为了探索稗草ppc基因(Eppc)对水稻遗传转化的可行性及其对光合速率的调节效应,首次将含有稗草根型磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC)基因ppc c DNA的2个植物表达载体p Ubi-Eppc、p Rbc S-Eppc通过农杆菌介导法对水稻进行了遗传转化。对分化植株进行的PCR、RT-PCR、克隆测序和Western杂交等结果均表明稗草ppc基因已经整合到了水稻基因组中,并且在转录和翻译水平都得到了表达。转基因水稻PEPC活性和气体交换参数测定结果表明T0代多数植株的PEPC活性高于对照,最高达到了对照的5.85倍;T0代大多数转基因植株叶片的净光合速率(Pn)比对照提高了20.00%,最大地提高了47.16%,同时叶片水分利用效率(WUE)也得到增强;T6代大部分转化植株的PEPC活性及Pn仍保持高于对照,本研究表明C3根型ppc基因过量表达也可以提高水稻的Pn,且证明稗草PEPC对光合作用具有较强的调节作用。 相似文献
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Jasmonic Acid Differentially Affects Growth, Ion Uptake and Abscisic Acid Concentration in Salt-tolerant and Salt-sensitive Rice Cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
D.-J. Kang Y.-J. Seo J.-D. Lee R. Ishii K. U. Kim D. H. Shin S. K. Park S. W. Jang I.-J. Lee 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2005,191(4):273-282
Phytohormones play critical roles in regulating plant responses to stress. Here, we investigated the effects of salt stress and stress recovery by applying jasmonate to the two different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Dongjinchalbyeo (DJC, salt-tolerant) and Dongjinbyeo (DJ, salt-sensitive). Salt stress remarkably decreased the root length of plants even at low NaCl concentration (20 mm ). Salt stress led to a sharp increase in the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in 20 and 40 mm NaCl, when compared with the control values. The concentrations of ABA in the salt-tolerant cultivar DJC plants progressively increased with increasing NaCl levels, whereas in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ, they sharply decreased in all three parts of rice plants at 80 mm NaCl treatment. The decrease of jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations in salt-tolerant cultivar DJC was lesser than in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants in the shoot. Post-application in the stressed plants with 30 μm JA at 24 and 48 h after NaCl treatment, recovered salt inhibition on dry mass production more effectively than application of JA at 48 and 24 h before salt stress, and during salt stress simultaneously. The uptake of Na decreased especially in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants, whereas there was an increase in Ca and Mg levels and slight increase of K by JA application. Leaf water potential, leaf photosynthetic rate, and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) also remarkably recovered when 30 μm JA was applied 24 h after the salt stress compared with the 40 mm NaCl-treated plants. These results clearly indicate that post-application with exogenous JA can ameliorate salt-stressed rice seedlings, especially the salt-sensitive cultivar rather than the salt-tolerant cultivar. This may change the balance of other endogenous plant hormones. 相似文献
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导入外源玉米C_4型NADP-ME基因对小麦光合效能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究玉米C_4型NADP-ME基因对小麦光合特性的影响,以T_3代转NADP-ME基因小麦株系10T(9)-1-1和10T(9)-225-4及其对照周麦23为试材,进行了分子特征鉴定、光合生理特性分析和单株产量性状调查,并对其作用机制进行了初步解析。结果表明,外源基因已整合到转基因小麦的基因组中,并能正确转录和翻译;与对照周麦23相比,两个转基因株系在4个测定时期旗叶NADP-ME酶活性均明显提高,而旗叶净光合速率(P_n)则明显下降;尤其在花后第7天,两个转基因株系的酶活性较对照分别提高1.33倍和1.13倍,P_n分别较对照下降17.26%和10.35%;千粒重和籽粒产量较对照均显著下降。与对照周麦23相比,转基因株系10T(9)-225-4利用强光和同化CO_2能力下降,光合效率下降;旗叶气孔张开率和气孔导度均显著下降;苹果酸含量降低了5.6%,丙酮酸含量则提高了17.1%;外施苹果酸可恢复其光合速率。以上研究结果表明,玉米C_4型NADP-ME基因的导入降低了小麦的光合特性,苹果酸含量降低引起的气孔导度下降可能是导致转基因小麦光合效能降低的原因。 相似文献
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水稻质膜H+-ATPase基因对拟南芥遗传转化及其抗盐性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RT-PCR扩增得水稻质膜H -ATPase全长cDNA(PM-H -ATPase),构建了植物表达载体获得质粒pBI121-PM-H -ATPase,农杆菌介导、真空渗入法转化PM-H -ATPase基因入拟南芥,得35株T1代卡那抗性植株.抗性植株PCR分析表明,抗性植株整合了目的基因.Northern杂交分析进一步表明T3代转基因拟南芥表达了目的基因.抗盐(NaHCO3和NaC1)性分析表明:转基因植株的耐盐能力明显高于野生型;盐碱胁迫下转基因植株开花优先于野生型植株. 相似文献
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采用RT-PCR法亚克隆了PDI基因保守区内450 bp的靶标序列作为干扰区段, 构建了含有内含子hpRNA (ihpRNA)的双元表达载体pTCK303-RiOsPDI, 经农杆菌介导转化日本晴, 获得转基因植株; 通过在T0代对其潮霉素(Hyg)抗性基因的PCR鉴定, 确定携带有干扰片段的T-DNA区已整合到水稻基因组中, 且在转基因T1代符合3∶1的分离模式。半定量PCR和荧光定量PCR的检测结果表明, PDI基因沉默转基因阳性植株不同器官中的PDI表达量均显著降低, 尤其是其籽粒中表达量较微, 几乎能引起靶基因80%左右沉默。对转基因T2代植株的高温结实特性和籽粒理化品质的检测结果, PDI基因沉默会引起高温胁迫处理下结实率的大幅度降低, 耐热性显著下降, 但其在常温处理下的结实率与对照之间无显著差异。此外, PDI基因沉默后, 稻米的透明度下降、垩白度增加, 但对籽粒粗蛋白总量和直链淀粉含量的影响不甚明显。 相似文献
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转PvP5CS1基因拟南芥植株对干旱和盐胁迫的反应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索普通菜豆脯氨酸合成酶基因P5CS1在植物渗透胁迫中的作用,本研究应用农杆菌介导法,将PvP5CS1基因转入拟南芥,获得6株阳性转基因株系;通过检测转基因植株与野生型植株在干旱和盐胁迫下种子发芽率,幼苗脯氨酸含量、株系电导率、相对根长和成株死亡率,分析了PvP5CS1基因的表达对改善拟南芥抗渗透胁迫的效应。结果表明,在150 mmol L-1 NaCl和150 mmol L-1甘露醇渗透胁迫下,转基因植株平均相对发芽率分别是野生型的1.6倍和1.62倍;150、250 mmol L-1甘露醇和150 mmol L-1 NaCl处理下,转基因拟南芥植株平均脯氨酸含量分别是野生型的2.68、1.30和1.30倍;平均相对电导率分别是野生型植株的85%、77%和85%;平均相对根长分别是野生型植株的1.2、1.3和1.2倍;300 mmol L-1 NaCl处理下,转基因植株的平均死亡率为42%,显著低于野生型(90%)(P<0.05);干旱胁迫下,转基因植株的平均死亡率为56%,显著低于野生型(70%)(P<0.05),说明PvP5CS1基因在拟南芥中的表达明显改善了转基因植株的抗旱性和耐盐性。 相似文献
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In order to estimate the potential of transgenic rice, characteristics related to grain quality and starch viscosity were investigated in six japonica lines based on three primary transgenic lines containing a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. No significant differences were found between the transgenic lines and the wild type, including negative lines and an untransformed line. All six transgenic lines were comparable in size, milling quality, appearance quality and physicochemical properties to the wild type that were derived from. One exception was that the lines derived from the primary transgenic line TR0‐101 had smaller grains. Crude protein contents were equivalent in all the material tested, but Cry1Ab protein was only detected in grains of transgenic rice and was undetectable in the cooked rice. The viscosity of the starch differed between the transgenic lines, the wild type and other controls, and two transgenic lines had breakdown values (BDV) and setback values (SBV) similar to the wild type. A positional effect of T‐DNA insertion on starch viscosity was found in three primary transgenic lines. 相似文献
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Hrip1是从极细链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima)代谢物中分离的一种蛋白激发子。将蛋白激发子基因Hrip1转化到拟南芥,对5个T1代转基因拟南芥株系进行分子检测, 证明Hrip1基因能够在拟南芥中转录和表达。转基因植株对盐和干旱胁迫的抗性显著增强, 75 mmol L−1 NaCl和50 mmol L−1甘露醇渗透胁迫2 d, 转基因植株种子平均相对发芽率为32.1%和77.9%, 分别比野生型的增加3.72倍和5.61倍; 150 mmol L−1 NaCl和50 mmol L−1甘露醇处理拟南芥幼苗7 d后, 转基因植株平均相对根长为81.79%和93.25%, 分别是野生型的1.53倍和1.34倍。3周龄的转基因植株在250 mmol L−1 NaCl条件下胁迫20 d, 平均存活率为67%, 显著高于野生型(42%)(P<0.05); 干旱胁迫25 d后, 复水5 d转基因植株平均存活率为72%, 而野生型仅为44%。检测结果显示转基因植株叶片的抗氧化酶活性明显高于野生型, 用200 mmol L−1 NaCl和200 mmol L−1甘露醇处理24 h后, POD活性分别比野生型植株提高1.56倍和1.85倍, CAT活性分别比野生型植株提高1.64和1.86倍。说明蛋白激发子Hrip1基因在拟南芥中的表达能够改善和提高植株的耐盐抗旱能力。 相似文献
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磷对大豆生长发育至关重要,土壤有效磷缺乏严重影响其产量和品质。目前已有学者通过转基因手段将磷高效相关基因转入大豆,并获得转基因新材料,但多数集中于单基因转化,而双基因共转化研究甚少。本研究在前期获得转磷高效相关基因GmPHR1、GmPAP4大豆新材料基础上,利用农杆菌介导与常规杂交技术进行双基因共转化,结果发现,采用这2种方案均可实现双基因共转化,获得了经PCR及DNA测序分析验证正确的转GmPHR1与GmPAP4双基因新材料“JD12-PHR1-PAP4”。 相似文献
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转BADH基因玉米植株的获得及其耐盐性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用超声波辅助花粉介导植物转基因方法, 将甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因导入玉米自交系郑58, 获得了耐盐性强的转基因玉米植株。经卡那霉素抗性初筛、PCR扩增、Southern blot杂交分析, 证明BADH基因已导入转化植株并整合到其基因组中。用不同浓度的NaCl溶液对T2代转基因玉米植株与对照进行盐胁迫处理, 结果表明, 转BADH基因玉米植株表现出一定的抗逆性, 生长状况明显优于对照; 根据非转化苗对NaCl的反应以及生长状况, 确定250 mmol L-1 NaCl溶液为玉米幼苗耐盐性筛选的适宜浓度; 依据此临界浓度下形态指标和生理生化指标的测定结果, 与对照相比, 转基因植株的株高提高10.94%~25.7%, 鲜重增加8.62%~18.2%, 干重增加9%~18.18%, 相对电导率降低37.21%~58.14%, 叶绿素含量增加15.89%~90.65%, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性提高64.92%~148.29%, 丙二醛(MDA)含量减少26.97%~48.05%。综上所述, 转入甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因提高了玉米的耐盐性。这是首例将BADH基因导入优良玉米自交系郑58的报道。超声波辅助花粉介导法是一种经济、高效、实用和无基因型依赖性的植物基因转化方法。 相似文献
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水稻OsRPK1基因属于富含亮氨酸重复序列的类受体蛋白激酶,在盐胁迫下其表达量暂时升高后出现明显下降。前期研究表明, OsRPK1基因过表达会造成拟南芥非生物胁迫耐受性明显降低。本研究对OsRPK1基因在水稻中实现过表达和RNA干涉,进而对OsRPK1的抗逆性功能加以探究。结果表明, OsRPK1基因表达量增加时,水稻幼苗表现为耐盐性下降;RNA干涉则使水稻幼苗表现为耐盐性增加。盐胁迫后OsRPK1过表达植株脯氨酸含量低于野生型、MDA含量和相对电导率显著高于野生型,而OsRPK1-RNAi水稻植株的脯氨酸含量显著高于野生型、MDA含量和相对电导率显著低于野生型。因此, OsRPK1基因的表达量对水稻耐盐性具有明显影响,脯氨酸含量及细胞质膜受破损程度的改变可能是造成转基因水稻耐盐性变化的内在原因。本研究为进一步阐明OsRPK1基因的抗逆作用机制奠定了基础,对于通过调整该基因表达改良水稻的耐盐性具有重要意义。 相似文献
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M. Fladung 《Plant Breeding》1993,111(3):242-245
The iaaL gene of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi encodes an indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase which conjugates free indoleacetic acid (IAA) with lysine. lAA-lys is biologically less active than free IAA. The iaaL coding region was expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transgenic potato plants were produced (Spena et al. 1991). 35S iaaL potato plants are characterized by increased internodal length and epinastic bending of older leaves. In three greenhouse experiments with plants grown in pots of different size and in two growth chamber experiments tuber number increased in iaaL transgenic plants compared to untransformed and vector-transformed controls of the same genotype. The increase in tuber numbers observed under controlled conditions was reflected in tuber yield which increased in the pot grown transgenics. 相似文献
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The aim of this research was to investigate betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) and glycinebetaine (Glybet) biosynthesis in photoautotrophic rice seedlings. The role of Glybet on physiological and growth responses to salt stress in both salt‐tolerant and salt‐sensitive lines is to be investigated. The BADH activity in salt‐tolerant seedlings cultured under extreme salt stress (342 mm NaCl) progressively increased during the first few hours until it peaked after 72 h. This was about 2.5 times greater than in salt‐sensitive plants. Similarly, the amount of Glybet detected in salt‐tolerant lines was 1.3 times more than in salt‐sensitive lines at 96 h salt exposure. The BADH activities were positively related to Glybet accumulation in both salt‐tolerant and salt‐sensitive lines. The accumulation of Glybet in salt‐tolerant lines was directly correlated with pigment stabilization. Relative water content in the salt‐tolerant lines was closely related to water oxidation in photosystem II (PSII), defined by maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm). In addition, a high concentration of total chlorophyll is more efficient in capturing light energy, defined by photochemical quenching. The concentrations of chlorophyll a and total carotenoid were positively related to the quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and non‐photochemical quenching, respectively, resulting in a high net‐photosynthetic rate (NPR) and the promotion of growth. The high level of Glybet in salt‐tolerant lines plays a role as a salt defensive response mechanism in terms of pigment stabilization and water oxidation in PSII, resulting in high NPR and growth efficiency. 相似文献