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1.
Moustafa Kardjadj 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):459-467
The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) defined transboundary animal diseases (TADs) as those that are of significant economic, trade, and food security importance for a considerable number of countries. TADs can easily spread to other countries, reach epidemic proportions, and where control, management, or exclusion is required cooperation between several countries. The North African countries are vulnerable to several TADs by virtue of its geographical location, its borders with the Sahel region, and peculiar control constraints on the budgets of the national veterinary services of each country and on the livelihoods of livestock owners across the region. In a narrative approach, we comprehensively described the epidemiology of TADs in North African countries, eradication constraints and control measures adopted to conclude with a proposition of a regional control strategy. Our review uncovered foot-and-mouth disease, peste des petites ruminants, bluetongue, sheep/goats pox, brucellosis, West Nile and Rift Valley fever, as the major TADs in this region, while the major constraints identified were illegal animal movement, communal clashes, unreported outbreaks, poor vaccination coverage, and other factors peculiar to each etiology. Therefore, the establishment of early warning systems and proper implementation of control measures at regional level are highly recommended to the relevant stakeholders involved in TADs control in the region. 相似文献
2.
Ahmed JS Alp H Aksin M Seitzer U 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(Z1):2-6
Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) constitute a global threat that afflict livestock. They are characterized by the suddenness, acuteness, the rapidity with which they can spread in susceptible livestock populations and the widespread nature of the losses that they can produce. The havoc they play renders individual farmers and private veterinary services relatively powerless to take effective action. As TADs do not recognize national borders, there is a great demand for regional cooperation which must be put into a global term. From the epidemiological point of view, the prospects for eradication of a disease with minimal production losses and other costs are best, if the disease can be recognized early where it is localized and then a disease control programme be quickly implemented. 相似文献
3.
Matin MA Rafi MA 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(Z1):26-28
All animal diseases have the potential to affect human lives adversely by reducing the quantity and/or quality of food (meat, milk, etc.), secondary livestock products (hides, skins and fibres) and animal power (traction and transport). The importance of the livestock sector is growing more rapidly than any other agricultural sector in Pakistan. In the past, livestock production in Pakistan has been affected because of transboundary animal diseases like rinderpest, foot and mouth disease and peste des petits ruminants disease, posing a serious threat to the livestock industry in Pakistan. The continuing persistence of rinderpest has been of grave concern for the entire region including Pakistan. The export of livestock products managed to retain its growth with relaxation of restrictions imposed by the Gulf states in the year 2001 only. Pakistan has been provisionally declared a rinderpest free country in 2003, as a result of a vigorous eradication programme. 相似文献
4.
Since the mid 1990s the term transboundary animal disease (TAD) has become widely used for a group of major infectious diseases
of livestock with important economic impact. This article explains why the term is so appropriate and examines the severe
direct and indirect consequences these diseases have when they cross borders. The paper also looks at the control of TADs
and how improved control and trade can take place without having to eradicate them. 相似文献
5.
Thomson GR Tambi EN Hargreaves SK Leyland TJ Catley AP van 't Klooster GG Penrith ML 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(14):429-433
International animal health standards designed to facilitate safe trade in livestock and livestock products are set by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) under the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and documented in the OIE's Terrestrial Animal Health Code. A core principle of the Code is the need for countries to eradicate important transboundary animal diseases (TADs) to reduce the risk of exporting disease to trading partners. International food safety standards are set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, administered jointly by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The goal of global eradication of most TADs is unachievable for the foreseeable future, other than in the case of rinderpest, and this prevents many countries, especially developing nations, from engaging in international trade under WTO rules. This paper proposes an alternative, commodity-based approach to the formulation of international animal health and food safety standards, based on the fact that different commodities pose very different risks when it comes to the spread of human and animal pathogens. Therefore, the risk mitigation strategies required are equally commodity-dependent. The authors conclude that more focused commodity standards would improve access to international markets for all countries, especially those in the developing world. For this objective to be realised, credible and independent certification is required. 相似文献
6.
抗病毒药物的毒性及残留检测方法研究进展 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
曾试用于兽医临床后来又被禁用的金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、利巴韦林、阿昔洛韦和吗啉胍等抗病毒药物,常被一些不发分子用于预防和治疗动物疾病。长期大量使用这些药物会引起动物中毒、免疫抑制、耐药性和药物残留等问题,甚至给动物疫病防控带来巨大困难。2012年的“速成鸡”事件就检出鸡肉中残留有金刚烷胺,给我国家禽业带来了负面影响。文章就常见抗病毒药物的理化性质、代谢、毒性以及残留检测方法等四个方面的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
7.
氟苯尼考药剂学研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
氟苯尼考是一种优良的动物专用广谱抗生素,兽医临床上广泛应用于敏感菌所致的畜禽细菌性疾病的治疗,效果显著。就目前国内外氟苯尼考的药剂学研究进行了综述,介绍了水溶性和长效缓释氟苯尼考的研究进展。 相似文献
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Wentholt MT Cardoen S Imberechts H Van Huffel X Ooms BW Frewer LJ 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,103(2-3):81-92
Emerging and major infectious animal diseases can have significant international impact on social, economic and environmental level, and are being driven by various factors. Prevention and control measures should be prepared at both national and international level to mitigate these disease risks. Research to support such policy development is mostly carried out at national level and dedicated transnational research programmes are still in its infancy. This research reports on part of a process to develop a common strategic research agenda on emerging and major infectious diseases of livestock in Europe, covering a 5-15-year time span. A two round online Delphi study was conducted to explore the views of experts on issues relating to research needs on emerging infectious diseases of livestock in Europe. Drivers that may influence the incidence of emerging infectious animal diseases in both the short (next 5 years) and medium term (10-15 years) were identified. Drivers related to regulatory measures and biological science developments were thought to decrease the incidence, and socio-economic factors to increase the incidence of emerging infectious animal diseases. From the first round a list of threats to animal health was compiled and participants combined these threats with relevant drivers in the second round. Next to identifying threats to animal health, also possible mitigatory actions to reduce the negative impact of these threats were identified. Participants emphasised that interdisciplinary research is needed to understand drivers of emerging infectious animal diseases, as well as to develop prevention and control measures which are both socio-economic and technical. From this it can be concluded that interdisciplinary research combining both natural and social research themes is required. Some of the European member states research budget needs to be allocated so that effective prevention and mitigation strategies can be developed. 相似文献
10.
The general role of veterinary epidemiology and economics to national animal-disease control throughout the world is considered for the four main groupings of animal diseases: zoonotic, food-borne, endemic and epidemic diseases. This is done by considering how veterinary epidemiology and economics has contributed to priority setting (which diseases come first?), decision-making (for a given disease, which strategy is best?), and disease control implementation (how can optimal delivery and adoption of selected interventions best be achieved?). Within each of these categories, progress made and future opportunities are discussed. In addition, a review is made of how veterinary epidemiology and economics has been institutionalised. We conclude that veterinary epidemiology and economics holds a unique role in the development of national policies and strategies for improved animal health world-wide. However, we consider that we must capitalise more on the unique comparative advantage of the partnership between veterinarians and agricultural economists. We believe that much remains to be done to improve the "institutionalisation" of veterinary epidemiology and economics, and the adoption and impact of the products of our unique partnership, particularly in countries of the developing world. 相似文献
11.
“十三五”国家重点研发计划中的畜牧兽医科技布局与评述 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
科技资源的布局和配置对于畜牧兽医领域科技创新和产业发展具有重要支撑作用。"十三五"科技计划改革组建了全新的国家重点研发计划,设置"畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖综合技术研发"等国家重点研发专项对畜牧兽医领域科技创新进行支持,在动物疫病防控、高效安全养殖、养殖环境处理、养殖装备等方面进行了布局,按照基础研究、重点关键技术研发、集成示范进行"全链条设计、一体化实施"。本文以该专项为主,介绍并分析"十三五"国家重点研发计划畜牧兽医类项目实施背景和立项情况,对我国畜牧兽医领域的科技布局进行阐述并提出评述与展望。 相似文献
12.
Farooqi Shahid Hussain Ijaz Muhammad Rashid Muhammad Imran Nabi H. Islam S. Aqib Amjad Islam Hussain Kashif Khan Amjad Rizvi Syeda Nayab Batool Mahmood Shakeel Mehmood Khalid Zhang Hui 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(7):1591-1598
Bovine anaplasmosis is endemic in Pakistan where it reduces livestock productivity and leads to high mortality, especially in young animals. This study was aimed to identify the potential risk factors responsible for the occurrence and spread of anaplasmosis in cattle and buffaloes for the first time in Pakistan. A total of 900 (cattle?=?479, buffalo?=?421) blood samples were collected irrespective of age and sex from three distinct zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for the molecular detection of anaplasmosis. Data collected on a piloted questionnaire including 11 predicting variables which were analyzed using R-statistical software, and association between the dependent and independent variables was assessed using univariable analysis. Automated and manual approaches were exercised, producing comparable models. Key risk factors identified in all the approaches included species of the animal, breed of animal, sex of animal, tick infestation status, previous tick history, tick control status, and acaricides used (odds ratio?>?1). The 611 bp DNA fragment specific for 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma spp. was produced from 165 samples. The samples were confirmed for anaplasmosis through sequencing and BLAST queries. The findings of the current study conclude that by enhancing the protective measures to control the identified risk factors can reduce the spread of anaplasmosis in Pakistan.
相似文献13.
民族兽药学是研究不同文化背景的民族认识与利用植物防治动物疫病及其相关知识的一门学科,国内外对该领域研究在不断增加,开展该领域的文献分析对于指导相关研究具有重要的作用。以1986~2016年30年间Web of Science核心文集收录的文献为研究对象,利用Web of Science在线工具和HistCite软件对民族兽药学文献进行详细的分析。获得了该领域研究核心作者、重点期刊、研究的机构、影响力较高的国家(地区)和研究的热点等,得到了该领域的引文编年图。30年来民族兽药学每年的文献量及引用频次都在增加,学科发展主要集中在印度、巴基斯坦、南非、巴西等国家,研究热点主要集中在植物科学、民族药物学、兽药科学、药物综合补充等方面。通过对民族兽药学30年文献总结和讨论,为民族兽药学科的发展奠定一定理论基础。 相似文献
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“十三五”国家重点研发计划设立“畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖综合技术研发”重点专项（以下简称“畜禽专项”），在动物疫病防控、高效安全养殖、养殖环境处理等方面进行布局，对畜牧兽医领域科技创新研究进行了支持，按照基础研究、重点关键技术研发、集成示范进行“全链条设计、一体化实施”设计，破解我国畜禽养殖业的重要基础理论和技术瓶颈问题。本文基于文献计量的方法，对“畜禽专项”实施期间发表的论文进行统计分析，以掌握专项在基础研究与前沿理论方面的研究进展，分析研究热点，并结合“十四五”畜牧兽医相关专项的布局，讨论畜牧兽医领域未来的重点研究方向和发展趋势。研究结果表明，“畜禽专项”资助论文在新冠病毒（COVID-19）、寨卡病毒（Zika Virus）和非洲猪瘟（African Swine Fever）等重大动物疫病和人兽共患病基础研究领域获得突破性研究成果；涉农高校和科研院所合作紧密，做出了较大贡献；国际合作除了美国等发达国家，与“一带一路”相关的巴基斯坦、埃及等发展中国家合作紧密，与发达国家科研团队合作发表高质量论文的几率明显增加；研究热点主要集中在流行病学、病原复制与进化、耐药性、病原与宿主互作机制、免疫与致病机制、跨种传播等方面的研究。“畜禽专项”聚焦畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖研究方向，在重大基础理论方面获得重要研究进展，支撑了关键核心技术研究和应用示范推广。“十四五”国家重点研发计划畜牧兽医领域专项将在畜禽种业自主创新、动物疫病综合防控与净化根除、营养调控与高效养殖、废弃物资源化利用与绿色养殖、养殖装备与智能养殖等方向进行全面布局。 相似文献
16.
Brahmbhatt DP Fosgate GT Dyason E Budke CM Gummow B Jori F Ward MP Srinivasan R 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,103(1):16-21
One of the most important transboundary animal diseases (TADs) in the southern African region is foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). In this region, a pathway for spread of FMD virus is contacts between cattle and certain species of wildlife. The objective of this study was to evaluate contacts between cattle and wildlife in the Kruger National Park (KNP) and the adjacent Limpopo province for the time periods October 2006 to March 2007 and April to September 2007. In this study, 87 livestock owners and 57 KNP field rangers were interviewed. Fifteen (17%) livestock owners reported contacts between wildlife and cattle. More livestock owners reported observing contacts between cattle and all wildlife species during October-March than April-September (p = 0.012). However, no difference was found between these periods for contacts between cattle and individual wildlife species. A total of 18 (32%) field rangers reported contacts between cattle and wildlife. The most common species-specific contacts were between cattle and buffalo (63/year), cattle and impala (17/year) and cattle and lion (10/year). There were no significant differences in rangers reporting observed contacts between cattle and wildlife during October-March versus April-September or between rangers reporting observed contacts outside versus within the KNP. Overall, there was no evidence of higher contact rates between cattle and wildlife in the study area during October-March compared to April-September. Contact data collected in this study can be used to better understand the transmission of FMD virus in this region. 相似文献
17.
H J Bendixen 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(11):495-498
In relation to the plans for introducing the free inner market in the Member States of the EEC the principles for the future veterinary control of domestic animals and animal products are described. The traditional frontier control will be replaced by official primary control at the place of production (herd of origin, slaughter house, dairy etc.). The technical conditions are described: Effective disease surveillance and notification, eradication and control schemes for contagious diseases, control of animals in relation to trade. Decentralized veterinary control stations have the best possibility to carry out these functions. They should be staffed and equipped with special regard to the structure of the animal population and the production systems in the area concerned. The EEC-Commission has the task to coordinate and standardize this work with the national veterinary services. It is essential that this work functions identically everywhere in the Community. The herd owner should introduce common measures for protecting his animals against infectious diseases. This could be done by veterinary advisers within the frame of voluntary animal health schemes. 相似文献
18.
Trade in animals and animal products has reached global proportions and so too has the threat of infectious diseases of veterinary importance. The Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines, published by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), contains chapters on infectious diseases that may cause various degrees of socio-economic, public health, and/or zoo-sanitary consequence. These chapters cover the major diseases of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, poultry, lagomorphs and bees. A number of factors are considered when qualifying animals and animal products for international trade including epidemiological, clinical and testing parameters. Of particular note and relevance is a strong international movement to standardize the test methods and reference reagents in order to promote harmonization of testing and facilitation of trade. There is message here that is directed to those of us involved in the development and application of test methods for infectious disease diagnosis. Serological test methods have been and still remain the mainstay of diagnostic methods prescribed for trade. More than ever, there is a need to observe and apply international guidelines for the development and validation of serological test methods. There is also a need to develop international standard reagents for use in the calibration of test methods and the production of national and working standards. In the future, veterinary diagnostic testing laboratories involved in trade may also require a form of international accreditation unique to their specialty. This presentation describes the current developments in international standardization of test methods and reference reagents. 相似文献
19.
G Murray 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(7):211-215
Australia, a major exporter of meat, has met and continues to meet the import requirements of various countries. It is free of many epizootic and zoonotic diseases and is eradicating bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis. Frequently, individual country requirements have not been relevant to the animal and public health status in Australia. Such a situation is unscientific, wasteful and unnecessary, and may divert priorities away from areas of major public and animal health significance which should be the main concern of consumers both in Australia and overseas. In recent years the Inspection Service of the Department of Primary Industry has reviewed meat inspection procedures necessary to protect public and animal health in Australia and in countries importing Australian meat. Priorities include attention to national or regional occurrence of disease in Australia and to the use of scientific principles in inspection, including disease identification, concepts of pathogenesis and effectiveness in removal of diseased tissue from meat. Revised post-mortem procedures for cattle, pigs, sheep and goats more relevant to disease occurrence and consideration of public health are described. In particular, this involves a reduction in the number of lymph node incisions. Future directions for meat inspection in Australia are postulated. Concern is expressed that the requirements of some importing countries are fixed in their legislation and consequently might inhibit desirable developments. In this context it is important that scientifically sound national codes for meat inspection of the exporting country be accepted by importing countries as providing public and animal health safeguards. 相似文献
20.
D Grossklaus 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(11-12):420-427
The eradication of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis of domestic stock in Germany through the combined efforts of veterinary medicine, the agricultural section and the state was an historic achievement. Since the two diseases are zoonoses, their successful control can also be seen as a valuable contribution to public health. Both these zoonoses are classic animal diseases presenting themselves as clinical entities complete with gross pathological lesions. In contrast, today we are confronted with pathogens causing zoonoses characterised by latent, i.e. clinically inapparent herd infections that do not result in visible tissue changes. Nevertheless, through contaminated foodstuffs, these pathogens contribute to food-borne infections leading to the outbreak of genuine zoonoses in humans. It has been estimated that there could be as many as two million cases of food-borne infections annually in Germany. Among them are salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, yersiniosis, infections with verotoxin producing E. coli, listeriosis and toxoplasmosis. While the national animal disease legislation only foresees the control of notifiable diseases, the basis for zoonoses control is laid down in the EU Zoonosis-Directive, which is presently awaiting its transposition into national law and into practice. In order, for instance, to combat the most important Salmonella infections of humans, Integrated Quality Systems (IQS) have been formulated as a means of implementing the proven HACCP concept in animal production units and ensuring animal health from the point of view of consumer protection. The aim of all measures must be to free infected herds of pathogens, to investigate and eliminate all sources with a potential for further pathogen introductions, to maintain pathogen-free herds--with a reduced pathogen challenge in mid-term time periods--, as well as to develop diagnostics capable of identifying pathogen carriers before slaughter. For the disinfection of stock, it is important to have epidemiological data collecting systems and information systems that allow complete diagnostic tracing from herd to slaughterhouse and vice versa. All sides, including research and surveillance, as well as producers are called upon to actively share in protecting the health of consumers as far as it is threatened by latent infections in domestic stock. 相似文献