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1.
Sixteen tenorrhaphies were performed at mid-metatarsal region in eight buffalo calves. A 2-cm long gap was created in the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon in all animals. The gap was immediately repaired with acellular grafts in animals of group I, 1% glutaraldehyde-preserved tendon allografts in group II, and in group III the defect was repaired with autografts (control group). The contralateral limb in each animal was operated after an interval of 60 days and the animals underwent the same procedure according to the designed groups. Gross observation revealed filling of host tendon-graft junction with fibrous connective tissue. Increased vascularity was seen in group I when compared with group II and III. Graft was resorbed in animals of group I and III, whereas partial absorption of graft was seen in group II. Histological observations on day 30 revealed restoration of cellularity in acellular graft and fragmentation and resorption of glutaraldehyde-preserved graft. Graft was replaced by newly formed fibrous connective tissue. Tissue reaction around polygalactin suture consisted of plasma cells, lymphocytes and macrophages. On day 90, most of the acellular graft was replaced by newly formed fibrous connective tissue. In group II the majority of graft portion remained at the site and was in a state of resorption. In the control group it was difficult to distinguish between the host tendon and the graft. Scanning electron microscopical observation showed densely packed neoformed tissue at host tendon-graft junction. Hydrolysis and invasion of connective tissue between polygalactin suture filaments, resorption of graft with cavity formation and dissolution of ground substance were observed.  相似文献   

2.
A total of 19 adult hill cattle of both sexes were subjected to trans-rectal ultrasound scanning of urinary bladder to evaluate bladder wall thickness and the presence of space-occupying lesions. The animals were divided into four groups. Eight apparently healthy hill cattle maintained under standard ration served as control (group I) and the remaining II animals were divided into three groups (II, III and IV). Group II animals (n = 8) were fed with different type of ferns which were further divided into subgroups II-P, -D and -B and fed with Polystichum squarrosom (n = 2). Dryopteris juxtaposita (n = 2) and Pteridium aquilinum (n = 4) ferns, respectively. The one animal in group III was a natural case of enzootic bovine haematuria (EBH) and the two animals in group IV were natural cases of microscopic EBH fed with Polystichum squarrosum fern. In group I animals, the average bladder wall thickness was 1.45 mm. The delineation of the bladder wall was uniformly smooth and the echo pattern of the bladder was homogeneously black, which was suggestive of clear urine content. In group II (P, D and B) the average bladder wall thickness of the six animals was 1.87 mm and the sonographic features were within normal limit when compared with controls. In two of the animals of group II-B, the bladder wall was apparently thick (4.36 mm) and there was no intraluminal mass except at one or two focal elevated points. Animals of groups III and IV showed the average bladder wall thickness of 4.86 mm and were characterized by the presence of irregular sessile masses extending into the bladder lumen. The homogeneous anechoic area was reduced centrally due to the presence of a hypoechoic soft tissue mass all around the bladder wall. Post-sonographic urinalysis, biopsy and necropsy of selected cases further confirmed the sonographic findings.  相似文献   

3.
Sixteen tenorrhaphies were performed at the mid-metatarsal region in eight buffalo calves under lignocaine epidural analgesia. A 2 cm long gap was created in the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon and immediately repaired with acellular grafts in animals of group I, 1% glutaraldehyde-preserved tendon allografts in group II. In group III, the defect was repaired with autografts. This group served as control. The contralateral limb in each animal was operated after an interval of 60 days and the animals underwent the same procedure according to the designed groups. Diclofenac sodium and Enrofloxacin was given post-operatively for 5 days. Clinical examination revealed significant increase (P < 0.05) in rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rate for 3-4 postoperative days in all the animals. Mild pain and exudation as well as early restoration of tendon gliding movements and weight-bearing were observed earlier in group I in comparison with group II. Air-tendograms revealed early organization, minimal adhesion formation and lesser thickening of tendon at the reconstructive site in the acellular group whereas in the glutaraldehyde group dense homogenous swelling with adhesions was seen along the flexors. Angiography on day 30 showed that the area of proximal and distal host tendon graft junction appeared hypervascularized, whereas the area occupied by the graft appeared relatively less vascularized. Normal vascularization was observed on day 90 in all the three groups.  相似文献   

4.
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5.
Twenty-four tenorrhaphies were performed at the mid-metatarsal region in 12 crossbred calves under xylazine-ketamine spinal analgesia. A 2.5-cm long gap was created in the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon and immediately repaired with carbon fibres in the animals of group I and with plasma-preserved tendon allografts in group II. Clinical examination revealed a slight increase (P > 0.05) in rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rate for 2-4 days postoperation in both groups. Milder pain and exudation as well as earlier restoration of tendon gliding movements and weight bearing were observed in group I as compared to group II. Air-tendogram in the carbon fibre group on day 30 revealed restoration of continuity across the defect of the tendon. whereas, in the allograft group, a dense homogeneous swelling was seen along the flexors. Regression of peritendinous adhesions and swelling at the reconstructed site at later stages was seen in both groups. Angiography showed hypervascularization at the reconstructed site on day 14 in the carbon fibre group, however, in the allograft group the site appeared to be relatively avascular. On days 30 and 90, blood vessels were normally organized in both groups.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of reduction and biomechanical characteristics of acetabular osteotomies repaired with luted and nonluted reconstruction plates. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study. ANIMALS: Pelves removed from 12 adult greyhounds. METHODS: Acetabular osteotomies were created and repaired with a 6-hole, 2.7-mm reconstruction plates in 24 cadaver hemipelves. Ten hemipelves each were assigned to group I and group II. An impression cast of each acetabulum in group I was made before luting (preluting cast). Group I plates were then elevated, luted, and replaced. A second cast of each acetabulum in group I was then made (postluting cast). Step, gap, and total areas of articular osteotomy incongruence were determined from the casts. Group I (luted plate repairs) and group II (nonluted plate repairs) hemipelves were loaded ventral-to-dorsal using a materials-testing machine. Stiffness, yield load, and maximal load sustained were determined. RESULTS: Mean gap and total area of articular osteotomy incongruence for group I preluted plate repairs (7.1 mm(2) and 8.6 mm(2), respectively) were significantly greater than for group I postluted plate repairs (4.1 mm(2) and 5.1 mm(2), respectively). Mean stiffness and maximal load for group I (681 N/mm and 2,555 N, respectively) were significantly greater than for group II (360 N/mm and 1,730 N, respectively). Mean step area and mean load at yield values were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Luted plate repairs of osteotomized acetabulae result in improved reduction and are stiffer and stronger than nonluted plate repairs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Plate luting may improve the accuracy of reduction of acetabular fractures where anatomic reduction is required. Plate luting may also increase the stiffness and strength of fracture repairs and arthrodeses.  相似文献   

7.
We evaluated the biological scaffold properties of canine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) compared to a those of polypropylene mesh in growing rats with full-thickness abdominal defects. SIS is used to repair musculoskeletal tissue while promoting cell migration and supporting tissue regeneration. Polypropylene mesh is a non-resorbable synthetic material that can endure mechanical tension. Canine SIS was obtained from donor German shepherds, and its porous collagen fiber structure was identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A 2.50-cm2 section of canine SIS (SIS group) or mesh (mesh group) was implanted in Sprague-Dawley rats. At 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery, the implants were histopathologically examined and tensile load was tested. One month after surgery, CD68+ macrophage numbers in the SIS group were increased, but the number of CD8+ T cells in this group declined more rapidly than that in rats treated with the mesh. In the SIS group, few adhesions and well-developed autologous abdominal muscle infiltration into the SIS collagen fibers were observed. No significant differences in the tensile load test results were found between the SIS and mesh groups at 24 weeks. Canine SIS may therefore be a suitable replacement for artificial biological scaffolds in small animals.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate healing of a radial osteotomy repaired by application of dynamic axial fixation devices (DAF) in large ruminants. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo study of bone healing after application of 2 DAF types. Model I had 2 sidebars, each with a central cylindrical cuff (internally threaded) with 2 detachable connecting rods telescoping within the cuff. Model II had 2 side bars with 2 moveable clamps with multiple holes. SAMPLE POPULATION: Bull calves (n=8; aged, 1.5-2.0 years; weighing, 175-250 kg). METHODS: A mid-diaphyseal radial osteotomy was repaired by use of a model I (n=4) or model II (n=4) DAF. Calves were monitored for weight bearing, stability of fixation, and radiographically for fracture reduction, alignment and healing at intervals for 6 months. Fixators were removed when there was radiographic evidence of healing. RESULTS: Both the fixators were well tolerated with free movement of adjacent joints. Fragment fixation was maintained until healing in all but 1 model I calf where failure occurred within 7 days. Model II DAF provided more rigid fixation as indicated by early full weight bearing and fracture healing with less callus formation. Functional recovery of repaired limbs occurred within 60 days in surviving calves. CONCLUSIONS: Both bilateral DAFs were easy to apply; however, the model II DAF provided better fixation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The model II DAF made of low carbon steel was economical and may be useful for treating long bone fractures in large ruminants.  相似文献   

9.
The induction of estrus during the non-breeding season was investigated in 100 Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). All animals assigned to treatments had low progesterone concentrations (<0.5 ng/ml) tested 2 times 10 days apart to confirm anestrous condition. Animals were assigned to three experimental groups. A group of animals received subcutaneous norgestomet ear implant for 11 days and a single i.m. injection of PGF2alpha 24 hr before implant removal (group I; n=40). Second group of animals received subcutaneous norgestomet ear implant for 11 days and a single i.m. injection of PGF2alpha 24 hr before implant removal and gonadotropin releasing hormone 24 hr after implant removal (group II; n=40). Third group of animals received no treatment (control group; n=20). The percentage of goats that showed estrous behavior during the first 72 hr after implant removal was 77.5, 85.0% and 10.0% in group I, group II and control group, respectively. The fertility rate was 57.5, 70.0% and 10.0% in group I, group II and control group, respectively. In conclusion, estrus can be induced in seasonally anestrous Egyptian Baladi goats using norgestomet and PGF2alpha and the injection of GnRH 24 hr after norgestomet implant removal synchronized ovulation in a higher percentage of goats.  相似文献   

10.
Square 9 × 9 cm full-thickness defects were created in the thoracic wall of five dogs and the abdominal wall of five dogs. The skin was retained. Ten centimeter squares of carbon fabric with a thin polycaprolactone (PCL) lining were sutured into the defects with the PCL lining facing the viscera. The dogs were observed for 5 months. The surgical technique was simple and fast. All implants were well tolerated. Cosmetic results were excellent in nine dogs. One dog (abdominal implant) developed an infection and draining tract, and a second dog (thoracic implant) had a subclinical infection. Thoracic implants caused brief serosanguinous pleural transudate. Mild paradoxical respiratory motion disappeared by 8 weeks. Lungs were radiographically normal. At necropsy, fibrous tissue was present but lacked orientation. Loose adhesions covered 20 to 80% of implant linings. There was no significant difference in ultimate tensile strength of implant/fibrous tissue compared to control abdominal wall. No carbon fragments were observed in lymph nodes. Increased numbers of secondary follicles, plasma cells, eosinophils, and sinus histiocytes in lymph nodes suggested immunologic stimulation of undetermined significance.  相似文献   

11.
A 16‐hour‐old Quarter Horse filly presented for evaluation of a soft mass in the right caudoventral lateral abdominal wall. Radiography and ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a nonreducible lateral abdominal wall hernia with small intestine located between the skin and body wall. The size of the defect itself could not be imaged and the filly was taken to surgery. A 4 cm vertical defect that appeared congenital was found in the transverse abdominal muscle and was repaired by primary apposition. This case report describes the repair and outcome of this unusual type of congenital hernia.  相似文献   

12.
This study was conducted on the left Achilles tendon in five clinically normal dogs. The Achilles tendon was surgically exposed and severed 3-4 cm proximal to the point of its insertion. Tenorrhaphy was undertaken by the application of three sutures on the various tendon units of the Achilles tendon using single locking-loop sutures with polyamide no. 1-0. The superficial digital flexor tendon was sutured with catgut using two horizontal mattress sutures. No ultrasound therapy was used in the animals of group I (control). Ultrasound therapy was given to the animals of group II (treated) starting from the third day post-operatively at 0.5 W/cm2 for 10 min daily for 10 days. A cortical screw was used for immobilization of the tibiotarsal joint which was removed 4 weeks after tenorrhaphy. Post-operatively, healing of the Achilles tendon was monitored using clinical observations, ultrasonography, gross and histomorphological observations at various intervals up to 120 days in both groups. Clinically, the dogs showed significant lameness for the first 4-5 days, which disappeared earlier in the ultrasound-treated (group II) animals than the controls (group I). Extension and flexion of the hock joint were found to be near normal at 6 weeks after the repair of the Achilles tendon. Ultrasonography showed anechoic to hypo-echoic echo-texture on days 3 and 7 after repair. By day 40, the echo-texture started to improve to hypo-echoic in group II, but in group I anechoic areas were still observed. However, the tendon showed near normal mottled hypo- to hyper-echoic texture in both groups by day 120. Gross observations suggested that the Achilles tendon in group II showed comparatively fewer adhesions than in group I animals. Histologically, in group II (treated), on day 40, the union was comparatively better without any inflammatory reaction. Bundle formation had begun in the ultrasound-treated animals which was not observed in the control animals. By day 90, more compact parallel bundle formation had taken place with minimum cellularity. Bundle formation was in its advanced stage in the treated animals. By day 120, the tendon tissue was comparatively acellular and looking like a normal tendon. The use of the cortical screw provided good immobilization and ultrasound therapy at 0.5 W/cm2 enhanced the Achilles tendon healing in dogs.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
CD3, CD4, CD5, and CD8 antigen expression of T cells and IgG expression of B cells and canine distemper virus (CDV) antigen distribution were immunohistochemically examined in lymphoid tissues (lymph node, spleen, thymus, and tonsil) of control dogs and animals with spontaneous canine distemper. In addition, CNS tissue of all animals was studied for neuropathological changes and CDV antigen distribution. Based on the degree of depletion distemper dogs were classified into two groups. Group I represented animals with moderate to marked lymphoid depletion, while group II dogs displayed mild or no depletion. CDV antigen was mainly found in lymphocytes and macrophages of group I dogs, whereas CDV expression was most prominent in dendritic cells of group II animals. In group I dogs, a marked loss of CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, and IgG expression was noticed, hereby loss of CD4+ cells was more prominent than depletion of CD8+ cells. In the lymphoid tissues of group II animals, a significant increase in the number of T and B cells was observed compared to group I dogs. The number of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells in group II dogs was similar to the findings in controls, however, CD5 and IgG expression was mildly reduced in T and B cell areas, respectively. Additionally, in groups I and II dogs, CD3+ and CD5- T cells were detected in T cell areas. Whether this cell population represents a cell type with autoimmune reactive potential remains to be determined. Surprisingly in group II animals, viral antigen was found predominantly in dendritic cells indicating a change in the cell tropism of CDV during chronic infection and a possible mechanism of viral persistence. The two patterns of lymphoid depletions correlated to two different types of canine distemper encephalitis (CDE). Group I dogs displayed acute non-inflammatory CDE, whereas group II dogs suffered from chronic inflammatory demyelinating CDE, indicating a pathogenic relationship between lymphocytic depletion and inflammatory brain lesions in distemper.  相似文献   

15.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin on the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. Twenty-four Holstein calves between 9 and 17 months of age with cutaneous papillomatosis were placed into three groups with six in group I, and nine in groups II and III. Group I served as a control group and received no treatment. Ivermectin at a dose of 0.2mg/kg was administered subcutaneously as a single dose to the animals in Group II and twice with 15 days intervals to animals in Group III. The first ivermectin application was considered as the 0th day Animals were monitored at 15 days intervals up to 3 months. No remission was observed in the control group (Group I). In Group II eight out of nine animals (88.8%) and in Group III seven out of nine animals (77.7%) showed complete recovery within 3 month observation period. It was concluded that ivermectin, as either single or double dose applications, is effective as a treatment for cutaneous papillomatosis.  相似文献   

16.
Experimental tenectomies were performed in the mid metacarpal region of the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon while the deep digital flexor (DDF) tendon was traumatized in 10 donkeys. In group I (n=8) the deep frozen tendons were used for grafting where as in group II (n=2) no grafting was done. Amniotic membrane casing was performed around grafted SDF and traumatized DDF tendons in group I only. Gross and histomorphological observations were recorded on the last day of the experiment, i.e., on the 15th (n=1), 30th (n=2), 60th (n=2), 90th (n=2) and 120th (n=1), post-operative days (POD) in group I and on the 60th (n=1) and 120th (n=1) POD in group II. Gross intraoperative observations suggested the presence of only thin filamentous adhesions in all but three animals at 30 (two animals) and 60 (one animal) days which were present only in the limited area of grafted tendon as compared to tenectomized SDF tendon that showed thick fibrous adhesion and thickening at both the cut ends. However, DDF tendon showed no adhesions in all except one animal of group I as compared to group II where adhesions were noticed in both the animals. Histological examination suggested an increase in fibroblastic activity at 2 weeks after grafting. Extrinsic and intrinsic healing response was observed in grafted tendons. Inflammatory reaction was reabsorbed by one month. The bundle formation was observed from two to three months. The histological structure appeared near normal by 4 months. Observation suggested that homologous tendon grafts remain viable by all histological criteria and healing was at a comparatively more advanced stage than tenectomized tendon. However, the traumatized DDF tendon healed completely by two months. It is concluded that the tendon healing was more rapid in animals where deep frozen grafts had been used.  相似文献   

17.
Nonendoscopic tube gastrostomy was performed on 41 anesthetized dogs using the technique of Fulton and Dennis with or without gastric insufflation prior to tube placement. Immediately after tube placement, dogs were euthanized and postmortem examinations performed. When gastric insufflation was not performed (group I), gastrostomy tubes penetrated the visceral surface of the stomach in 25% of dogs. The deep leaf of the omentum was interposed between stomach and body wall in the majority of these dogs, exposing other intra-abdominal organs to potential injury. Additionally, displacement and tethering of the spleen cranial to the gastrostomy site were observed in 33% of dogs in group I. Similar results were obtained when preplacement gastric insufflation was performed after the orogastric tube was inserted sufficiently far to displace the stomach laterally against the body wall (group II). In contrast, consistent positioning of gastrostomy tubes through the parietal surface of the stomach was achieved when the stomach was insufflated prior to lateralizing the left abdominal wall with the gastric end of the orogastric tube (group III). It was concluded that the blind percutaneous gastrostomy technique is made safer by insufflating the stomach immediately prior to pushing the gastric wall laterally into contact with the parietal peritoneum. J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:15–20. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine .  相似文献   

18.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin on the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. Twenty-four Holstein calves between 9 and 17 months of age with cutaneous papillomatosis were placed into three groups with six in group I, and nine in groups II and III. Group I served as a control group and received no treatment. Ivermectin at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously as a single dose to the animals in Group II and twice with 15 days intervals to animals in Group III. The first ivermectin application was considered as the 0th day Animals were monitored at 15 days intervals up to 3 months.No remission was observed in the control group (Group I). In Group II eight out of nine animals (88.8%) and in Group III seven out of nine animals (77.7%) showed complete recovery within 3 month observation period.It was concluded that ivermectin, as either single or double dose applications, is effective as a treatment for cutaneous papillomatosis.  相似文献   

19.
A seven-year-old miniature dachshund was presented with a large contaminated bite wound centred on the left costal arch. Survey radiographs revealed a pneumomediastinum, a mid-body fracture of the left 11th rib and luxation of the xiphisternum. The compromised skin, ribs, xiphisternum, diaphragm and abdominal wall were surgically debrided. This resulted in a large combined thoracic and abdominal wall defect. The thoracic cavity was closed by diaphragmatic advancement. The abdominal wall defect was partially closed by advancing local abdominal musculature. A cranial abdominal mid-line defect remained and was repaired using two sheets of lyophilised porcine small-intestinal submucosa. Dehiscence of the skin exposing the SIS graft was seen but the abdominal repair remained intact. Eighteen months after the initial injury, the dog remained clinically well and no associated complications were reported.  相似文献   

20.
A limbal melanoma was surgically removed from a 12-year-old castrated male black domestic shorthair (DSH) cat. The resulting full-thickness eye wall defect was repaired using the autologous third eyelid cartilage. The patient was followed for 85 days postoperatively, during which time there was no recurrence. Other than a small amount of fibrin and blood at the anterior lens capsule, no significant complications were seen. Use of the third eyelid cartilage as graft material following resection of a feline limbal melanoma can be effective for repairing large eye wall defects and preserving ocular function. The third eyelid proved to be a convenient source of graft material. In addition, autologous grafting can reduce the potential for iatrogenic spread of infectious agents such as feline herpes virus.  相似文献   

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