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1.
Quantitative and qualitative bacterial assays were performed on the skin of three dogs with endocrine-related primary metabolic seborrhea. After the dogs were treated (thyroid supplementation or castration, bacterial analyses were again performed on the same sites. Before therapy, the dogs had a cutaneous flora composed mainly of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-positive organisms. After therapy, there was a significantly lower bacterial count, and two of the dogs had floras consisting mainly of coagulase-negative cocci. During the study, the two dogs that reverted bacteriologically to a normal cutaneous microenvironment became normal dermatologically. The third dog improved, but continued to have minor signs of seborrhea.  相似文献   

2.
Controversy exists over the diagnosis of idiopathic small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in dogs and some clinicians use the term antibiotic-responsive diarrhea (ARD) in preference. However, whether such terms are interchangeable is not clear. To examine the relationship between duodenal bacterial numbers and a clinical response to antibiotics, SIBO and ARD were defined by nonoverlapping criteria. Quantitative duodenal juice bacteriology and indirect serum biochemical tests were used to assess small intestinal bacterial populations in 30 dogs with gastrointestinal disorders, including 9 with ARD. Serum total unconjugated bile acid (TUBA) concentrations were measured in all dogs, serum folate and cobalamin concentrations were measured in 29 of 30 dogs, and quantitative culture of duodenal juice was performed in 22 of 30 dogs. Serum TUBA concentrations also were measured in samples from 38 control dogs. Twenty of 22 affected (clinical) dogs in which quantitative bacteriology was performed were classified as having SIBO (>10(5) colony-forming units of total bacteria per milliliter of duodenal juice), but bacterial numbers did not differ significantly between dogs with ARD and dogs with other disorders. Increased folate (19/29), decreased cobalamin (16/ 29), or a combination (9/29) were common, but increased TUBA concentrations were documented in only 5 of 30 clinical dogs. Again, no significant differences were observed between dogs with ARD and those with other disorders, and a similar proportion (5/38) of controls had abnormally high TUBA concentrations. Finally, no significant differences were noted when duodenal bacteriology and TUBA concentrations were assessed before and during antibiotic therapy. These results question the utility of quantitative duodenal juice bacteriology and indirect biochemical marker tests for SIBO in the investigation of canine gastrointestinal disorders.  相似文献   

3.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of yeast associated with the degree of canine seborrheic dermatitis (SD) by anatomical sites. Fifty-seven samples were divided as 17 healthy skin, 20 with primary seborrheic dermatitis (PSD), and 20 with secondary seborrheic dermatitis (SSD). Yeast isolation and characterization were carried out based on microscopical features and biochemical properties. DNA analysis at the internal transcribed spacer I of 26S rDNA region was utilized for species confirmation. Four species of yeast consisting Malassezia pachydermatis, Malassezia furfur, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis recovered from examined dogs. M. pachydermatis and C. parapsilosis were isolated from all dogs, but C. tropicalis and M. furfur were recovered from 3 healthy dogs and one diseased dog, respectively. The number of M. pachydermatis and C. parapsilosis in diseased dogs was higher than that of healthy specimens (P<0.01). High frequency and population size of C. parapsilosis were closely associated to PSD, while those of M. pachydermatis were associated with both PSD and SSD (P<0.01). C. parapsilosis were predominant at the perianal area. This study demonstrated the co-colonization of M. pachydermatis and C. parapsilosis in large amounts and frequency associated with stage of disease and anatomical site.  相似文献   

4.
The prevalence of cutaneous Malassezia spp was evaluated in a semiquantitative fashion at 3 sites on 98 dogs examined because of various dermatoses. Thirty (10.2%) of the sites and 19 (19.4%) of the dogs had Malassezia spp amounts higher than that found on grossly normal skin. The prevalence of higher than normal amounts did not correlate significantly with sample site, sex, or age. The factors associated with an increased prevalence of increased Malassezia spp counts were seborrheic dermatitis, recent antibiotic treatment, and breed.  相似文献   

5.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.  相似文献   

6.
Three dogs with demodectic mange uncomplicated by a bacterial infection and 9 dogs with demodectic mange and pyoderma were tested for their lymphocyte response to phytomitogens in vitro and for the presence of the serum's lymphocyte immunoregulatory factors (SLIF) suppressing blastogenesis. None of the 3 dogs with uncomplicated demodectic mange showed any detectable dysfunction of their lymphocytes or presence of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF. Their lymphocytes generally responded to the mitogens with more blastogenesis than lymphocytes from healthy controls. On the other hand, in the group of 9 dogs with demodicosis complicated by a bacterial infection, high levels of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF for concanavalin A-sensitive cells were detected in 4 dogs, for phytohemagglutinin-sensitive cells in 2 dogs, and for pokeweed mitogen-sensitive cells in 1 (of only 3 tested) dog. Dysfunction of lymphocytes per se (detected by a decreased blastogenesis in nonsuppressive normal canine and bovine sera) was detected in 3 dogs with demodicosis with pyoderma. The success of the treatment of demodectic mange or the bacterial skin infection did not correlate with the previous presence or absence of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF. The treatment of pyoderma was less successful in dogs with an increase in blastogenesis of unstimulated cells in fresh normal canine serum over that in autologous serum. All 3 dogs with a detected dysfunction of their lymphocytes either died or were euthanatized as untreatable cases. It is concluded that the development of demodectic mange per se did not cause the appearance of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF, which was primarily related to the appearance and extent of the secondary bacterial skin infection.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize concurrent disorders in dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 221 dogs with DM. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed, and clinical signs, physical examination findings, and results of clinicopathologic testing, urinalysis, aerobic bacterial culture of urine samples, coagulation testing, endocrine testing, histologic evaluation, diagnostic imaging, and necropsy were recorded. RESULTS: For most dogs, CBC results were normal. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included hypochloremia (127 dogs, 60%) and high alanine aminotransferase (163, 78%), aspartate aminotransferase (78, 71%), and alkaline phosphatase (188, 90%) activities. Venous pH and serum ionized calcium concentration were measured in 121 and 87 dogs, respectively, and were low in 56 (46%) and 41 (47%) dogs. Lipemia was observed in 92 (42%) dogs. Urine samples from 159 (72%) dogs were submitted for aerobic bacterial culture, and 34 (21%) yielded bacterial growth. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism. Thirty-six (16%) dogs had dermatitis or otitis. Hyperadrenocorticism was diagnosed in 51 (23%) dogs on the basis of clinical signs and results of a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (41 dogs), an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test (5), both tests (4), or histologic evaluation of necropsy specimens (1). Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in 28 (13%) dogs. Eleven (5%) dogs had tumors for which a histologic diagnosis was obtained. Eight (4%) dogs were hypothyroid. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that dogs with diabetes mellitus may have many concurrent disorders. The most commonly identified concurrent disorders included hyperadrenocorticism, urinary tract infection, dermatitis, otitis, acute pancreatitis, neoplasia, and hypothyroidism.  相似文献   

8.
An Escherichia coli bacterial prostatitis was experimentally induced in dogs to determine the effect of castration on chronic bacterial prostatitis. Two weeks after instillation of bacteria directly into the prostate gland, 17 of 22 adult mixed-breed male dogs had positive urine or prostatic fluid cultures or both. Seven of the 17 dogs were randomly chosen to be castrated, and 10 of the 17 served as sham-operated controls. At weekly intervals, urine was obtained from 17 dogs for aerobic microbiologic culturing. At each week, dogs with no bacterial growth in the cultured urine had prostatic fluid collected for aerobic microbiologic culture. Dogs with negative urine, prostatic fluid, and prostatic tissue needle biopsy culture results at week 7 were euthanatized. For remaining dogs, weekly cultures were continued until the dogs were euthanatized at week 12. None of the 7 castrated dogs and 6 of the 10 dogs subject to sham operation had prostatic infection at the time of necropsy. The castrated dogs had a mean infection duration of 4.2 weeks, which was statistically shorter than the 9.5-week mean duration of infection in the sham-operated controls. Cultures of prostatic tissue obtained immediately after euthanasia correlated 100% with urine and prostatic fluid cultures taken before euthanasia. All of the 6 dogs with positive prostatic cultures at termination had moderate to marked lymphoplasmacytic chronic prostatitis. The 11 dogs that were not infected at the end of the study had normal to moderate lymphoplasmacytic chronic prostatitis on histologic examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

9.
合肥市夏季流浪猫流浪狗的初步调查   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
城市中日益增多的流浪猫狗正在成为一个困扰人们的问题。2008年7月10～18日,在合肥市区的主要街道、居民区、垃圾场和火车道等区域,进行了流浪猫狗的本底调查。结果表明合肥市区流浪猫狗的平均密度1．2646R／km^2,约1060只。其中流浪狗的密度0．4059R／km^2,约340只;流浪猫的密度0．8587只／km^2,数量约720只。流浪猫主要选择在居民区和学校栖息,流浪狗主要在街道和社区巷道上活动。  相似文献   

10.
Pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum was diagnosed in the left lung lobes of a 3-year-old male Samoyed. Unilateral pneumonectomy and antibiotic treatment (primarily amoxicillin trihydrate-clavulanate potassium and kanamycin) were associated with resolution of the pneumonia. In dogs, M fortuitum causes pulmonary disease that radiographically resembles bacterial pneumonia. Therefore, M fortuitum infection should be considered in dogs with radiographic signs of bronchopneumonia that worsen despite antibiotic treatment.  相似文献   

11.
A bacterial marker can be used to determine the portion of fecal N that is of bacterial origin, as well as the effect of dietary factors on the bacterial N in feces of the dog. Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) and purines as bacterial markers in dogs. In Exp. 1, five adult female dogs were fed the same commercial diet. In Exp. 2, 50 dogs were fed one of four test diets (as-fed basis): a prebiotic-free control or diets containing either 1% chicory, 1% mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), or 1% chicory plus 1% MOS. Fresh feces were collected in both experiments and used to isolate a bacteria-rich sample (BRS) by differential centrifugation. In Exp. 1, the BRS had a N:purine ratio of 0.66 and N:DAPA ratio of 18.9. The CV for the N:purine ratio (20.7%) was much higher than that for the N:DAPA ratio (6.1%), indicating that DAPA resulted in a less variable estimate of fecal bacterial N. Using either marker, approximately 50% of the fecal N was estimated to be of bacterial origin. In Exp. 2, the N:DAPA ratio of the BRS did not differ (P = 0.14) among treatments. The BRS from dogs fed prebiotic-containing diets had treatment averages for N:DAPA ratios ranging from 16.9 to 18.5, whereas BRS from dogs fed the control diet had a ratio of 15.9. Averaged across all dogs, approximately 46% of fecal N was of bacterial origin. When calculating fecal bacterial concentrations using the average N:DAPA ratio for all dogs, little difference existed in the estimation compared with using individual values. The value resulting from use of the average ratio was approximately 13% higher than when using the individual ratios for dogs fed the control diet, which was due to the lower N:DAPA ratio for dogs fed the control diet compared with dogs fed the other treatments. Based on the consistency of the N:DAPA ratio of the BRS, DAPA seems to be a suitable marker for estimation of bacterial N in the feces of dogs.  相似文献   

12.
Objective To determine bacterial populations, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and sources of microorganisms for dogs and cats with orbital abscess. Animals studied In total, 34 dogs and 7 cats with orbital abscess participated in the study. Procedure Medical records of dogs and cats with a clinical diagnosis of orbital abscess, confirmed by cytologic or histopathologic evaluation of orbital specimens, were reviewed from the years 1990 to 2007. Animal signalment, presumptive source of microorganisms and mechanism of orbital introduction, bacterial isolates, and aerobic bacterial in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test results were recorded. Percentages of susceptible aerobic bacterial isolates were compared among antimicrobials. Results Twenty dogs and five cats had positive culture results. The most frequent bacterial genera isolated from dogs were Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Bacteroides, Clostridium and Pasteurella. The most frequent bacterial genera isolated from cats were Pasteurella and Bacteroides. Aerobic bacterial isolates from dogs had the highest percentage of susceptibility to amikacin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, imipenem, ticarcillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Aerobic bacterial isolates from dogs had the lowest percentage of susceptibility to ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin and penicillin. Antimicrobial resistance was uncommon among feline aerobic bacterial isolates. The most commonly identified routes of orbital bacteria introduction were extension from adjacent anatomical structures, penetrating exogenous trauma, and foreign bodies. Conclusions Mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacterial infections of the orbit occur commonly in dogs and cats. On the basis of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates and in vitro susceptibility testing of aerobic bacterial isolates, cephalosporins, extended‐spectrum penicillins, potentiated‐penicillins and carbapenems are recommended for initial antimicrobial therapy of orbital abscess in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) among dogs with pruritic disorders that were or were not receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment. DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: 127 dogs receiving glucocorticoids for > 6 months and 94 dogs not receiving glucocorticoids. PROCEDURE: Bacterial culture of urine samples was performed in dogs receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment, and information was collected on drug administered, dosage, frequency of administration, duration of glucocorticoid treatment, and clinical signs of UTI. For dogs not receiving glucocorticoids, a single urine sample was submitted for bacterial culture. RESULTS: Multiple (2 to 6) urine samples were submitted for 70 of the 127 (55%) dogs receiving glucocorticoids; thus, 240 urine samples were analyzed. For 23 of the 127 (18.1%) dogs, results of bacterial culture were positive at least once, but none of the dogs had clinical signs of UTI. Pyuria and bacteriuria (present vs absent) were found to correctly predict results of bacterial culture for 89.9% and 95.8% of the samples, respectively. Type of glycocorticoid, dosage, frequency of administration, and duration of treatment were not associated with frequency of UTI. None of the urine samples from dogs not receiving glucocorticoids yielded bacterial growth. The frequency of UTI was significantly higher for dogs treated with glucocorticoids than for dogs that had not received glucocorticoids. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that dogs receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment have an increased risk of developing a UTI. On this basis, we recommend that urine samples be submitted for bacterial culture at least yearly for such dogs.  相似文献   

14.
Quantitative hepatic scintigraphy is a valid means for estimating total liver blood flow and relative portal hepatic perfusion. The Hepatic perfusion index (HPI) was determined for a group of 12 dogs with portosystemic shunts prior to and two days after corrective surgery. HPI values for the dogs prior to operation were significantly elevated (p<0.001) as compared with those for a group of normal dogs, indicating reduced effective portal hepatic perfusion in dogs with shunts. Dogs showing a favorable clinical response after surgery had a significant decrease (p<0.02) in HPI values after operation. One dog showing a poor clinical response after operation had an increase in HPI score after operation. Quantitative hepatic scintigraphy is a valuable diagnostic test for screening presumptive cases of portosystemic shunts and monitoring the response to surgical intervention.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate frequency of detection on blood smears and severity on quantitative buffy coat evaluation of mastocytemia between dogs without mast cell tumors (MCT) and dogs that had MCT, and to expand the list of diseases associated with mastocytemia in dogs without MCT. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 94 dogs without MCT and 26 dogs with MCT. PROCEDURE: Medical records of all dogs with mast cells detected on blood or buffy coat smears during a 2-year period were reviewed. Dogs with mastocytemia were grouped by disease into dogs with MCT and dogs without MCT. Twenty-five of the dogs without MCT that had mast cells detected on blood smears also had evaluations of buffy coat smears. Quantitative buffy coat results of the 25 dogs without MCT were compared with those of the 26 dogs with MCT. RESULTS: 95.5% of blood smears with mast cells detected during CBC determination were from dogs without MCT. For these dogs, diagnoses included inflammatory disease (28.2%), regenerative anemia (27%), neoplasia other than MCT (25.9%), and trauma (11.8%). Dogs with MCT had a mean of 71.4 mast cells/buffy coat smear, whereas dogs without MCT had a mean of 276.2 mast cells/buffy coat smear. The 2 highest counts of mast cells/buffy coat smear were for dogs without MCT. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of results of quantitative buffy coat evaluations, severity of mastocytemia in dogs without MCT often exceeds that detected during tumor staging in dogs with MCT. Random detection of mast cells in blood smears during CBC determination in dogs is usually not secondary to MCT.  相似文献   

16.
Eighteen dogs with chronic bronchitis were studied using physiologic, radiologic, microbiologic, and pathologic techniques. Twelve of these dogs were evaluated before and after two weeks of oral bronchodilator administration. Thoracic radiographs, tidal breathing flow-volume loops, radioaerosol ventilation scans, airway appearance at bronchoscopy, and airway pathology were abnormal in the majority of dogs studied. There was a significant relationship between abnormal ventilation scans and abnormal results for PaO2 and end-tidal airflow. Bronchoscopy revealed excessive mucus and inflammation of airway mucosa in all 16 dogs undergoing this procedure. Endoscopically obtained aerobic bacterial cultures grew mixed bacterial flora in only three dogs. Increased numbers of neutrophils in 14 dogs were detected by airway lavage cytology. A large number of eosinophils were seen in airway lavages obtained from two dogs; these two dogs also had evidence for eosinophilic bronchitis on endobronchial biopsy. Oral bronchodilator administration resulted in clinical and expiratory airflow improvements in most dogs, but had no effect on PaO2 or on the radioaerosol-scan abnormalities. The presence of both the physiologic and pathologic airway abnormalities of chronic bronchitis in dogs presented to a veterinary hospital with chronic unexplained cough was confirmed, suggesting that aerobic bacteria do not play an etiologic role in most cases.  相似文献   

17.
Urinary tract infection was demonstrated in 12 female dogs via bacteriologic culture of a specimen of bladder urine collected by antepubic cystocentesis. Escherichia coli was isolated in pure culture from the urine of 9 dogs. Urine specimens from 2 dogs contained E coli and alpha-streptococci and from 1 dog contained Streptococcus zymogenes in pure culture. In 6 dogs, urinary tract infection was limited to the urinary bladder, whereas 6 dogs had unilateral or bilateral culture-positive renal pelvic urine as well (specimens collected by percutaneous nephropyelostomy). An antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test was conducted on a portion of the bladder urine specimen from each dog, and the urinary tissues from these 12 dogs and from 6 healthy, noninfected female dogs were examined at necropsy. Tissues were given a subjective score based on the severity of the lesions seen microscopically. Histologic scores, bacterial cultural results, and ACB test results were examined for significance. A significant difference was found in the histologic scores between infected and noninfected dogs (P less than 0.025), but comparisons among histologic scores, cultural results, and ACB test results were not significant among infected dogs. The ACB test could neither be used to localize bacterial infection within the urinary tract nor could it be used to indicate the presence of bacterial invasion of the uroepithelium in dogs.  相似文献   

18.
Twenty-four specific-pathogen-free Beagles were each given 50 cysticerci of Taenia pisiformis that had been harvested from experimentally infected rabbits. Quantitative fecal egg counts and fecal screening for recovery of passed segments were performed on postinoculation days 56 through 70. Twenty-three of 24 dogs fed cysticerci developed patent infections. The 23 dogs with patent infections were assigned to 1 of 2 groups and treated with nitroscanate or a placebo 60 days after inoculation. Egg counts in the treated dogs had markedly decreased by the second day after treatment, and by the sixth day after treatment, segments were not found in the feces of any of the treated animals. The control dogs continued to pass eggs and segments in their feces throughout the 9 days after treatment. The dogs were euthanatized and necropsied 70 days after being inoculated. At necropsy, the mean number of scolices recovered from control dogs was 24.6, the mean number of scolices recovered from treated dogs was 0.25. Worms recovered from the control dogs were intact, gravid cestodes. Efficacy of treatment with nitroscanate at a mean dosage of 56 mg/kg of body weight was 98.9%.  相似文献   

19.
This study aimed to confirm the possible presence of bacteria in the liver of healthy dogs. Laparotomy was performed in 20 animals admitted for routine abdominal surgery. To be selected for the study, dogs had to be healthy adults without clinical liver disease, signs of infection or macroscopic liver abnormalities. Biopsy samples were histologically and bacteriologically examined. Bacteriological analysis was negative for the livers of eight of the dogs. The remaining animals harboured a diverse bacterial flora in their liver. Twelve bacterial species were identified. Histology showed that the livers of 19 dogs had minor or no abnormalities, and only one animal had interstitial fibrosis and trabecular disarrangement. Histological changes were not related to the presence of bacteria. Thus the results showed that the liver of healthy dogs may harbour different bacterial species. These microorganisms did not cause any detectable manifestation of disease, despite being potential pathogens.  相似文献   

20.
The records of 15 dogs diagnosed as having juvenile cellulitis (juvenile pyoderma, puppy strangles) were evaluated for clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic results. Mandibular lymphadenopathy was observed in 14 dogs, and was not associated with skin lesions in 5 dogs. Edema, pustules, papules, or crusts were noticed periorally, periocularly, on the chin or muzzle, or in the ears of those dogs with skin lesions. Eight dogs were lethargic; fever and anorexia were inconsistent findings. Four dogs had signs of pain on manipulation of their joints. Complete blood counts revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia in 4 dogs, and normocytic, normochromic anemia in 6 dogs. Three dogs had suppurative lymphadenitis with many neutrophils. Cytology of the aspirate of pustules or abscesses in 6 dogs revealed many neutrophils without bacteria. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp were isolated from draining lesions in 2 dogs. Intact abscesses and lymph nodes were negative for bacterial growth in 4 dogs. Three of these dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of bacterial culturing. Cytology of the aspirates of joints in 3 of the 4 dogs with joint pain revealed suppurative arthritis with no bacteria, and the aspirates were negative for bacterial growth on culturing, although all 3 dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of culturing. Of 12 dogs initially treated with antibiotics, only 4 (33%) responded favorably; the other 8 dogs were then given antibiotics and corticosteroids. Three dogs were initially given antibiotics and corticosteroids. All dogs treated concurrently with antibiotics and corticosteroids responded favorably. One of these dogs had a relapse after treatment was discontinued. The concurrent arthritis in 4 of the dogs resolved with treatment of the juvenile cellulitis and did not redevelop once the medication was discontinued. Concurrent treatment with antibiotics (cephalosporins) and prednisone (2.2 mg/kg of body weight/day) was the most consistently effective treatment in the dogs in this study.  相似文献   

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