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1.
为明确东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri对茶棍蓟马Dendrothrips minowai的捕食作用和生物防治潜能,于室内系统研究东亚小花蝽3～5龄若虫和成虫对茶棍蓟马雌成虫的捕食行为、捕食功能反应、搜寻效应、自身干扰反应及两者之间的相互干扰效应。结果表明,东亚小花蝽取食单头茶棍蓟马雌成虫的时间随着自身发育阶段的增大而变短,成虫取食时间最短,为7.40 min。在一定的猎物密度范围内,东亚小花蝽3～5龄若虫与成虫对茶棍蓟马的捕食作用均符合HollingⅡ功能反应模型,东亚小花蝽3～5龄若虫与雌成虫的捕食量均随猎物密度的增加而升高。东亚小花蝽雌成虫对茶棍蓟马雌成虫的瞬时攻击率、捕食能力和日最大捕食量均最高,分别为0.459、124.05和250.00头。东亚小花蝽对茶棍蓟马的捕食量与猎物密度呈正相关,但搜寻效应与猎物密度呈负相关,且东亚小花蝽雌成虫的搜寻效应最高。东亚小花蝽对茶棍蓟马的捕食作用同时受自身密度的影响,随着自身密度的增大其平均捕食率降低。东亚小花蝽成虫的捕食作用率随着自身密度和猎物密度的增大而降低。表明东亚小花蝽对茶棍蓟马有较好的生物防治潜能。 相似文献
2.
东亚小花蝽若虫对西花蓟马成虫的捕食作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
室内开展了东亚小花蝽二龄、四龄若虫对西花蓟马成虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应研究。结果表明,在26℃试验温度下其捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程,东亚小花蝽若虫的捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而增加,搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低,捕食上限分别为9.2头和23.0头。 相似文献
3.
东亚小花蝽若虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食作用 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
在室内条件下进行东亚小花蝽2、4龄若虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应试验.结果表明在供试温度下,其捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型方程;相同温度下,东亚小花蝽若虫的捕食量随猎物密度的增加而增加,而搜寻效应随之降低.相同猎物密度条件下,18～26℃之间,随着温度的升高,东亚小花蝽若虫对西花蓟马若虫的捕食量增加、搜寻效应增强;而在26～30℃之间,趋势相反.26℃时,东亚小花蝽2、4龄若虫日捕食量最大,捕食上限分别达18.2头和38.2头;处置1头猎物所需时间(Th)最低,分别为0.0549天和0.0262天;瞬时攻击率(a)s最高,分别为1.0574和1.3665.东亚小花蝽2、4龄若虫捕食作用率与其密度的关系分别为E=0.4034P-0.6669和E=0.3851P-0.4767;分摊竞争强度与其密度的关系分别为I=1.01671gP 0.0172和I=0.80881gP 0.0142. 相似文献
4.
为进一步评价南方小花蝽Orius strigicollis的生物防治潜能,明确南方小花蝽高龄若虫以及成虫对西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis成虫的捕食作用及其种内互残行为。在室内通过捕食功能反应试验评价南方小花蝽对西花蓟马成虫的捕食能力,通过南方小花蝽种内互残的选择与非选择性试验分析不同龄期、不同猎物密度下南方小花蝽的种内互残行为。结果表明,南方小花蝽4～5龄若虫和雌雄成虫对西花蓟马的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型方程,捕食能力评价指标a’/Th大小依次为雌成虫(33.2)>雄成虫(18.8)>5龄若虫(16.7)>4龄若虫(11.7)。种内互残试验结果表明,在没有蓟马的环境下南方小花蝽4、5龄若虫平均死亡数量分别为1.5头和1.7头,显著高于对照。接入南方小花蝽雌成虫后,当西花蓟马若虫密度为10头时的死亡数量高于密度为5头时的死亡数量。当南方小花蝽雌成虫∶若虫∶蓟马数量比为1∶5∶5时,南方小花蝽1龄若虫死亡数量最高,为2.3头;当南方小花蝽雌成虫∶若虫∶蓟马数量为1∶5∶50头时,南方小花蝽若虫的死亡数量均较... 相似文献
5.
为明确天敌昆虫东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的捕食潜力,在室内测定东亚小花蝽5龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫的日捕食量,并对其捕食功能、搜寻效应和干扰效应进行分析。结果表明:东亚小花蝽5龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫的捕食功能反应符合Holling II模型;东亚小花蝽5龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理单头猎物的时间分别为20.833头、0.747和0.048 d;东亚小花蝽成虫对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理单头猎物的时间分别为11.236头、1.355和0.089 d。东亚小花蝽的日捕食量与草地贪夜蛾密度呈正相关,搜寻效应与草地贪夜蛾密度呈负相关。东亚小花蝽自身密度对其捕食作用的干扰符合Hassell模型,对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫的捕食作用率随自身密度的增加而降低。 相似文献
6.
短期驯化对米蛾卵饲养的东亚小花蝽捕食瓜蚜功能反应的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探究米蛾Corcyra cephalonica卵饲养的东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri对瓜蚜Aphis gossypii的控害潜能及对其是否进行短期驯化的必要性,以水果黄瓜斯托克为寄主植物,在实验室条件下分别进行了米蛾卵饲喂及预先饲喂瓜蚜2 d的东亚小花蝽(5龄若虫和雌成虫)对瓜蚜的捕食功能反应研究。结果显示,2种处理的东亚小花蝽5龄若虫和雌成虫对瓜蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型反应模型,即随着猎物密度的增加,其对瓜蚜的捕食量先增加,后趋于稳定;其中预先饲喂2 d瓜蚜的东亚小花蝽5龄若虫在瓜蚜密度每皿为30头、雌成虫在每皿15头时,其捕食量均显著高于相同瓜蚜密度处理下一直饲喂米蛾卵的东亚小花蝽;其余瓜蚜密度下2种处理间无显著差异。瓜蚜驯化后的东亚小花蝽5龄若虫和雌成虫对瓜蚜的瞬间攻击率均高于未经瓜蚜驯化的。表明短期饲喂驯化可在一定程度上提高东亚小花蝽对靶标害虫瓜蚜的捕食能力和识别能力。 相似文献
7.
为评价淡翅小花蝽Orius tantillus对黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis的捕食作用及控害潜能, 在室内条件下研究了淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马2龄若虫的捕食功能反应?搜寻效应和干扰反应?结果表明:淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马若虫的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型, 其捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而提高, 其搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而下降?淡翅小花蝽成虫具有较强的种内干扰作用, 随着自身密度的增加, 其平均捕食量减少, 捕食作用率降低?根据Beddington模型E=a/[1+aThN+bTw(P-1)]拟合获得淡翅小花蝽成虫捕食黄胸蓟马2龄若虫的干扰模型E=0.968 5/(0.011 0N+1.383 7P-0.383 7), 表明淡翅小花蝽的搜寻效应随其自身密度和黄胸蓟马密度的增大而下降?研究结果表明淡翅小花蝽对黄胸蓟马具有较大防治潜力? 相似文献
8.
为明确南方小花蝽和黄蓟马在冬季蚕豆植株上的发生情况及南方小花蝽对黄蓟马的室内捕食控害能力,本试验采用五点取样盘拍法调查了蚕豆植株上黄蓟马及其天敌南方小花蝽的种群密度;在实验室内用捕食功能反应法研究了南方小花蝽雌成虫对黄蓟马成虫和2龄若虫的捕食功能、寻找效应及其自身密度对捕食黄蓟马的干扰反应。结果表明：黄蓟马在3月初达种群密度最大值18.2头/株,南方小花蝽种群高峰晚于黄蓟马19 d出现,在3月中旬达到最高峰3.4头/株;南方小花蝽对黄蓟马的捕食效应受自身密度和猎物密度影响,捕食效应符合HollingⅡ型圆盘方程功能反应模型,南方小花蝽对黄蓟马成虫和2龄若虫的捕食功能反应方程分别为Na=0.5655N/（1＋0.0193N）和Na=1.1864N/（1＋0.0346N）;日最大捕食量分别为29.3头/d和34.3头/d;当猎物密度不变时,南方小花蝽成虫对黄蓟马的捕食作用受到自身密度的干扰,平均捕食量随南方小花蝽密度升高而下降,其干扰反应方程为E=0.3009P-0.4290。南方小花蝽种群在野外蚕豆上种群对黄蓟马种群有跟随现象,其种群随着黄蓟马的增加而增长,在2―3月,蚕豆进入花期时黄蓟马种群数量达到最大值;南方小花蝽对黄蓟马有较强的捕食能力,可作为黄蓟马生物防治实践中重要的天敌资源加以研究和利用。 相似文献
9.
东亚小花蝽对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探明东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的控制潜力,开展了不同温度下东亚小花蝽对不同龄期和密度的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食功能反应与干扰作用研究。结果表明:当东亚小花蝽捕食1龄或2龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫时,其捕食功能反应与HollingⅡ模型拟合度较好。东亚小花蝽对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫在20℃、25℃和28℃下的瞬时攻击率分别为0.772 4、1.090 0、0.673 6,处理单头幼虫的时间为0.174 9、0.173 7、0.295 5 d,对2龄幼虫,在20℃、25℃和28℃下的瞬时攻击率分别为0.794 5、1.153 8、0.392 2,处理单头幼虫的时间为0.218 9、0.805 6、0.696 0 d;东亚小花蝽对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食量表现出随着猎物密度增加而上升,随自身密度的增加而下降的趋势;同一温度下,东亚小花蝽对1龄幼虫的日均捕食量和寻找效应均高于2龄幼虫,寻找效应与猎物密度成反比;东亚小花蝽对3龄和4龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫的日均捕食量为0;田间自然状态下东亚小花蝽对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的控制率为34.62%。 相似文献
10.
东亚小花蝽对四种害虫的捕食作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
室内饲养的东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri成虫对棉蓟马成虫、烟粉虱4龄若虫、朱砂叶螨雌成螨和甘蓝蚜成虫的捕食作用、种内干扰作用测定结果表明：捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型;东亚小花蝽对棉蓟马的捕食量符合Na=1.0819Nt/（1＋0.08485Nt）,对朱砂叶螨的捕食量符合Na=2.704Nt/（1＋0.1423Nt）,对烟粉虱的捕食量符合Na=1.9641Nt/（1＋0.2455Nt）,对甘蓝蚜的捕食量符合Na=1.5912Nt/（1＋0.1808Nt）。东亚小花蝽的捕食作用有较强的种内干扰反应,捕食率与个体间相互干扰的关系符合Hassell模型。东亚小花蝽的捕食量与害虫密度正相关,寻找效应与害虫密度负相关。在这4种害虫中,小花蝽对朱砂叶螨的瞬间攻击率和最大捕食量均最大、处置时间最短,对棉蓟马的瞬间攻击率最小,对烟粉虱的最大捕食量最小、处置时间最长。 相似文献
11.
加州新小绥螨对朱砂叶螨的控制作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus（McGregor）国内种群对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus（Boisduval）的控制潜力,应用功能反应、数值反应及实验种群生命表参数评价了该捕食螨对朱砂叶螨的控制能力。加州新小绥螨对朱砂叶螨的功能反应能很好地拟合Holling Ⅱ方程。在25℃,加州新小绥螨雌成螨对朱砂叶螨卵、幼螨、若螨和成螨的功能反应参数a/Th值分别为42.4195、81.6275、54.3044和17.9399,对朱砂叶螨幼螨、若螨和卵的控制力高于成螨。在19~31℃,加州新小绥螨对朱砂叶螨雌成螨日均捕食量和对猎物的控制能力a/Th随温度升高而增大,在31℃时达最大值,分别为10.80头和29.5364。在28℃时,加州新小绥螨的净增殖率和内禀增长率分别为26.1522和0.2213。表明加州新小绥螨国内种群表现出重要的生物防治潜能。 相似文献
12.
P.L. TenBrook 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,85(1):38-45
Rice (Oryza sativa), a relatively tolerant species, and early watergrass (Echinochloa oryzoides; EWG), a relatively susceptible species, were exposed to 14C-labeled clomazone to determine accumulation, biotransformation, and mass balance. On a total mass basis, rice absorbed more clomazone than EWG (p < 0.05), but on a nmol/g basis, there was no significant difference between the two species (p > 0.05). Rice contained more extractable 14C residues (7.7 ± 0.5 vs. 4.8 ± 0.5 nmol in rice vs. EWG, respectively; p < 0.5), but the concentration in EWG was significantly higher (4.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.8 ± 0.1 nmol/g in EWG vs. rice, respectively; p < 0.01). More metabolized residue was measured in EWG compared to rice (84.1% vs. 67.9%; p < 0.01). Both species produced hydroxylated forms, β-d-glucoside conjugates, and several other unidentified polar metabolites, but EWG generally produced higher metabolite concentrations. The concentration of the suspected active metabolite, 5-ketoclomazone, was significantly higher in EWG vs. rice (21 ± 2 vs. 5.7 ± 0.5 pmol/g, respectively; p < 0.01). Differences in sensitivity to clomazone between rice and EWG appear to be due to differential metabolism, but in this case the more susceptible EWG qualitatively and quantitatively metabolized more clomazone than the more tolerant rice. This is consistent with the action of a metabolically activated herbicide. This metabolic difference could be exploited to develop herbicide safeners for use with clomazone. 相似文献
13.
二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生对寄主二化螟幼虫免疫反应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明二化螟盘绒茧蜂Cotesia chilonis (Matsumura)寄生对寄主二化螟Chilo suppressalis (Walker)幼虫血细胞和体液免疫反应的影响,观察并测定了二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生引起二化螟幼虫血细胞数量、延展、存活、吞噬和包囊作用以及血淋巴酚氧化酶活性等的变化。结果显示,二化螟幼虫血细胞总数在寄生后1天即显著高于对照。其中,颗粒血细胞和浆血细胞在寄生后的数量变化均与血细胞总数变化相似,颗粒血细胞在寄生后3天、浆血细胞在寄生后0.5天起即分别与其对照差异显著,但两种血细胞在血细胞总数中各自所占的比例与对照多无显著差异。二化螟幼虫血细胞延展能力在寄生后0.5天受到显著抑制,此后与对照无显著差异;同时寄生可增加寄主血细胞的死亡率。寄主幼虫血细胞的吞噬作用在寄生后2天起显著降低;包囊作用则在寄生后1天起显著降低。二化螟幼虫被二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生后,血淋巴酚氧化酶活性显著升高,但随后呈逐渐下降趋势。研究结果说明,二化螟盘绒茧蜂寄生使寄主二化螟幼虫的免疫反应呈现一定的规律变化。 相似文献
14.
Arash Zibaee Ali Reza BandaniDavide Malagoli 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(1):30-37
Effects of the two insect growth regulators (IGRs) methoxyfenozide, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) agonist, and pyriproxifen, Juvenile hormone (JH) agonist, were examined on the cellular immune responses of the Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps versus the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The simultaneous treatment with the IGRs and the fungal spores altered haemocyte count (total and differentiate), nodulation response and phenoloxidase (PO) activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It was observed that different concentrations of methoxyfenozide increased total and differentiate haemocyte numbers as well as B. bassiana-induced nodulation response. In contrast with the JH agonist, pyriproxifen significantly decreased total and differentiate haemocyte numbers and inhibited nodule formation in E. integriceps adults. The 20E agonist displayed major effects when injected at the doses 2.79 and 5.59 μg/mg adult. In contrast, injecting adults by pyriproxifen significantly impaired their ability to raise an efficacious response against the fungal spores. The ability of the two IGR analogues to interfere with activity of the PO system in haemolymph of E. integriceps adults was also investigated 6 h after injection by fungal spores. Methoxyfenozide had an excitatory effect on PO activity when the 5.59 μg/mg concentration was used against adults. Conversely, pyriproxifen had an inhibitory effect on PO activity when used at 1.49 μg/mg adult concentration. These findings demonstrate that pyriproxifen may interfere with cell-mediated immunity of E. integriceps. So, pyriproxifen could be a good candidate for the integrated control of the Sunn pest. 相似文献
15.
The results showed that the essential oil from Piper sarmentosum has strong antifeedant and toxicity effects on Brontispa longissima. The best antifeedant and contact toxicity effects were observed in the 1st-2nd instar larvae. The essential oil also displayed a notable fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. It took the control-treated insects 43.34 d to complete one generation, while the insects treated with 2000 mg/L essential oil needed 73.58 d. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 41 components were identified. Myristicin (65.22%) and trans-caryophyllene (13.89%) were the major components. Myristicin exhibited strong antifeedant and contact toxicity effects on both the 3rd instar larvae and the imagoes of B. longissima, when it showed a significant fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. Another P. sarmentosum essential oil and myristicin all showed a strong inhibiting effect on the growth and development of B. longissima along with the activity of AChE, CarE, GSTs and Na+, K+-ATPase in B. longissima larvae. 相似文献
16.
采用固相微萃取(SPME)和GC-MS分析研究木枣和酸枣挥发物成分,并测试枣镰翅小卷蛾触角电位(EAG)反应、寄主趋向和产卵选择,以探明枣镰翅小卷蛾的寄主选择机制。结果显示,在萌芽期,木枣和酸枣嫩叶的挥发成分均为罗勒烯、2-甲基-2-菠烯、α-法呢烯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯4种,但相对含量稍有不同。枣镰翅小卷蛾成虫对木枣和酸枣2种寄主都有强烈的EAG反应,且同一寄主上雌蛾的EAG反应值极显著地高于雄蛾,其EAG值是雄蛾的3.3倍。枣镰翅小卷蛾对木枣表现强烈的趋向反应,而对酸枣的趋向不明显,且雌虫的趋向反应显著高于雄虫。木枣上的产卵量显著高于酸枣,且木枣枣吊上的单雌产卵量为307.9粒,极显著地高于酸枣枣吊上的产卵量(182.9粒)。研究表明,枣镰翅小卷蛾雌蛾在寄主选择中起主导作用,木枣是其嗜好寄主。 相似文献
17.
Maria Helena N.L. Silva-Filha Christina A. Peixoto 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2003,77(3):138-146
This study describes the immunocytochemical localization of the Bacillus sphaericus 2362 binary toxin components, BinA and BinB, in Culex quinquefasciatus larvae that had been intoxicated with this entomopathogen. Ultrathin sections of C. quinquefasciatus larvae midgut embedded in the hydrophilic resin L.R. White were incubated with the antibodies anti-BinA or anti-BinB and then revealed with goat anti-rabbit IgG coupled to gold particles. Immunocytochemical detection demonstrated the presence of specific labeling in ultra-thin sections that had been incubated with the BinA antiserum. Gold particles were detected on the apical areas of cell membranes and inside the epithelial cell cytoplasm, particularly the mitochondria, of cells from the gastric caeca and posterior stomach in larvae exposed during 2 or 24 h to the entomopathogen. A similar labeling pattern was observed in ultrathin sections from both midgut regions when incubated with BinB antiserum. 相似文献
18.
20-(S)-喜树碱7-C-取代衍生物的合成及杀松材线虫活性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究喜树碱(CPT)类化合物的杀线虫活性,以喜树碱为原料,经烷基化、氧化、酯化等步骤合成了13个7-C-取代的20-(S)-喜树碱衍生物,其中化合物 14 未见文献报道,所有衍生物的结构经红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和液-质联用(LC-MS)等分析手段进行了表征。采用浸渍法测定了化合物对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus的毒杀活性。结果表明:与母体化合物喜树碱相比,7-C-取代的20-(S)-喜树碱衍生物具有更强的杀线虫活性,其中化合物7-苄基喜树碱、7-甲酰基喜树碱、7-苯甲酰氧甲基喜树碱在24 h的致死中浓度(LC50值)分别为2.28、2.21和1.37 mg/L,明显高于母体化合物喜树碱的LC50值12.18 mg /L。 相似文献
19.
In recent years, imidacloprid was introduced to control the housefly in China and it was documented that the housefly indeed showed signs of resistance to imidacloprid somewhere but not in China. Therefore, a housefly population collected from filed (IFS) was selected continuously with imidacloprid to establish the resistant strain (IRS) and the basic characteristics were investigated in this study. After continuous selection over 21 generations, the resistance ratio increased from 9.01 to 140, and different levels of cross-resistance were developed to beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid and azamethiphos in the IRS strain. The realized heritability of resistance was 0.10. The synergistic ratios for IRS pretreated with DEF, DEM and PBO were 1.68, 1.52 and 2.53, and the corresponding ones for IFS were 3.17, 1.87 and 2.67, respectively. Synergistic and biochemical assays suggested that the cytochrome P450 may play an important role in the imidacloprid resistance comparing with GSTs- and carboxylesterases-mediated detoxification in the IRS strain, and there might be additional mechanisms (e.g. reduced target-site sensitivity) contributed to imidacloprid resistance in the IRS strain. 相似文献
20.
S. Senthil Nathan 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,84(2):98-108
Laboratory assays were done to evaluate the effect of Melia azedarach L. (Rutales: Meliaceae) seed extract on nutritional indices and gut enzymes acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, adenosinetriphosphatases, and lactate dehydrogenase of the rice leaffolder (RLF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Larvae were fed a treated rice-leaf diet containing the seed extract and their midgut was used for enzyme determination. Laboratory experiments showed that the seed extract suppressed the larval activity of C. medinalis even at a low dose. Gross dietary utilization (efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food) of RLF decreased after ingesting the treated rice-leaf diet. Food consumption, digestion, relative consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and relative growth rate values declined significantly. As compared to the control, consumption of the extract containing rice-leaf diet resulted in a 69% reduction of the acid phosphatases activity, a 71% reduction of the alkaline phosphatases activity, a 46% reduction of the adenosine triphosphatases activity, and a 52% inhibition of the lactate dehydrogenase activity. 相似文献