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茄子绒菌斑病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文针对辽宁省近年茄子设施栽培生产上趋重发生的叶部病害——绒菌斑病,对该病的病原菌进行了鉴定及其生物学特性研究。通过病原菌形态学鉴定,柯赫氏法则证病,并对病菌经rDNA-ITS测序,鉴定该病致病菌为真菌灰毛茄钉孢［Passalora nattrassii?(Deighton)U. Braun & Crous］。病菌生物学特性测定结果表明：病菌菌丝生长以PDA+茄叶煎汁培养基为最适;适宜菌丝生长的碳源和氮源分别为可溶性淀粉和胰蛋白胨;适宜温度为25 ℃;最适pH为6;黑暗条件下菌丝生长较好;菌丝致死温度为59 ℃,10min。病菌分生孢子萌发试验结果表明,茄叶汁能明显促进其萌发,碳源以麦芽糖、氮源以硫酸铵最适于孢子萌发,孢子萌发的适宜温度为30 ℃;最适pH为5;光暗交替条件下萌发情况较好;分生孢子致死温度为57 ℃,10min。 相似文献
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火龙果溃疡病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定火龙果溃疡病病原菌,应用柯赫氏法则测定了从病样中分离的纯培养物的致病性,根据形态学特性和ITS序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定,并采用菌落生长法和玻片法研究了其生物学特性.结果表明,火龙果溃疡病的病原菌为新暗色柱节孢Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers.碳氮源对病原菌菌丝生长和产孢量的影响差异明显,菌丝生长和产孢的最佳碳源为蔗糖,菌丝生长最佳氮源为酵母膏,产孢最佳氮源为甘氨酸.温度、pH对病原菌菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发的影响差异显著,菌丝生长、产孢、孢子萌发的最佳温度均为30℃;菌丝生长最佳pH为8,产孢和孢子萌发最佳pH为7.光照对病原菌菌丝生长和产孢有抑制作用,对孢子萌发没有明显影响.相对湿度高有利于孢子萌发,高于98％时,萌发率达100％. 相似文献
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为明确甘肃省党参斑枯病病原菌及其生物学特性,通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行了病原菌的鉴定,同时利用植物病理学常规培养法进行生物学特性的测定,并利用rDNA-ITS序列构建其系统发育树。结果表明:该菌形态特征与党参壳针孢Septoria codonopsidis Ziling相似,分生孢子器球形、近球形,大小为53.8~76.6μm×40.3~62.7μm;分生孢子无色,针形,1~4个隔膜,大小为15.3~38.8μm×0.9~1.2μm。系统发育树进一步显示,引起党参斑枯病的病原菌为党参壳针孢。该菌菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和产孢的温度范围分别为5~30、5~35、15~25℃,最适温度分别为20~25、20、20℃;连续光照有利于菌丝生长、孢子萌发,连续黑暗有利于病菌产孢;此菌在相对湿度达90%以上时才可萌发,以水中萌发最好;菌丝生长、孢子萌发和产孢的适宜pH范围分别为4.0~10.0、4.51~9.19和7.0~7.5,最适pH分别为4.5、7.0和7.5;党参根浸渍液和葡萄糖液对孢子萌发有较强的促进作用。表明党参壳针孢菌丝生长和孢子萌发的适宜温度偏低,因此该病害在气温偏低及持续阴雨结露条件下发生较重。 相似文献
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明确黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原菌及其生物学特性,为防控提供理论依据。通过病原菌分离、形态特征观察、致病性测定、rDNA-ITS序列分析、生物学特性及寄主范围测定等研究,证明该病病原菌为山扁豆生棒孢Corynespora cassiicola;菌丝生长及产孢适宜温度20℃~28℃,孢子萌发适宜温度24℃~32℃,菌丝致死温度49℃处理10 min;菌丝生长适宜pH 6~10,产孢适宜pH 4~8,孢子萌发最适pH 8;光暗交替适合菌丝生长与产孢,连续光照可抑制菌丝生长;菌丝生长量由少到多培养基顺序为CA、PCA、PDA、CMA、OA,而PDA上产孢最多;刺伤接种,病菌可侵染喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)等植物。黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原为山扁豆生棒孢C. cassiicola,病菌易产孢,寄主广,潜育期短。该病菌侵染黄脉爵床为首次报道。 相似文献
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为明确引起云南核桃叶枯病的病原及其生物学特性,本文对分离自叶枯病病斑上的一株拟盘多毛孢进行了形态学和分子生物学鉴定,并通过柯赫氏法则验证其致病性;采用生长速率法、悬滴法和载玻片法研究其菌丝生长和孢子萌发的生物学特性。结果表明,该菌株为小孢拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis microspora,是引起云南核桃叶枯病的新病原。该病原菌的最适生长温度为20～25℃,最适光周期L//D=12 h//12 h,最适生长pH为4～8。病原菌的分生孢子萌发受pH和湿度的影响较大,在中性及碱性环境下不萌发,最适萌发pH为4～5;在高于90%的相对湿度下才能萌发。分生孢子在20～25℃下萌发率最高,全光照最适于孢子萌发;核桃叶汁液对分生孢子萌发有显著的促进作用。 相似文献
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斐济金棕（Pritchardia pacifica Seem.&;H.Wendl.）叶斑病主要发生在叶片。初期症状为病斑呈水渍状褪绿,后期病斑中央灰白色,病斑边缘有黄色晕圈。对斐济金棕叶斑病病菌进行形态学观察和生物学特性的测定结果表明：斐济金棕叶斑病菌鉴定为卵形弯孢［Curvularia ovoidea (Hiroe &; Watan.) Muntanola］,菌丝生长适宜温度20～35 ℃,适宜pH5～6;分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为25～40 ℃;最适碳源为麦芽糖;最适氮源为硝酸钠;分生孢子的致死温度为55 ℃。 相似文献
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对甘肃省马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)束梗褐腐病病原进行了分离鉴定和生物学特性研究。经形态特征观察与rDNA-ITS序列分析, 将病原菌鉴定为细基束梗霉［Doratomyces stemonitis (Pers. ex Fr.) F.J. Morton & G. Smith］。生物学特性研究结果表明, 病菌菌丝生长最适温度为25～30 ℃, 最适pH为6, 病菌能利用多种碳源, 但以蔗糖最好, 氮源以甘氨酸最适, 光照对菌丝生长没有影响。分生孢子在5～40 ℃范围内均能萌发, 最适25 ℃, 最适pH为7, 分生孢子萌发需液态水, 湿度低于99%几乎不萌发, 马铃薯汁液和葡萄糖液对孢子萌发有较好的促进作用。本研究为马铃薯束梗褐腐病的防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为明确大叶黄杨灰斑病病原菌种类、生物学特性和对杀菌剂的敏感性,采用组织分离法获得大叶黄杨灰斑病病原菌,利用形态特征和分子生物学对其进行鉴定,系统研究该病原菌的生物学特性,并用生长速率法测定了80%代森锰锌、80%代森锌、70%百菌清、50%多菌灵和430 g/L戊唑醇5种杀菌剂对该病原菌生长的抑制效果。致病性测定结果表明,从感病植株分离所得菌株能在大叶黄杨叶片上成功定殖并扩展,且从发病部位分离得到的菌株与原接种菌株相同。通过病原菌的宏观形态、显微结构和ITS序列分析,确定该病原菌为斑污拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis maculans;当葡萄糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源时,菌丝日生长速度最快,分别为4.08、4.90 mm/d;当温度为21～28℃、pH为7时,菌丝日生长速度最快,分别为5.07～5.16 mm/d和5.21 mm/d;50%多菌灵对该菌的抑制效果最好,抑制中浓度EC50最小,为0.06μg/mL。 相似文献
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枸杞小黑梨孢褐斑病自2010年在甘肃省枸杞种植区发现以来已扩展至甘肃省各枸杞种植区,关于其病原枸杞小黑梨孢Stigmella lycii的生物学特性研究国内外尚属空白。本研究通过植物病理学常规方法测定了该菌的生物学特性,结果表明,该菌菌丝生长的温度范围为10~35℃,最适25℃;产孢的温度范围为20~25℃,最适25℃;子囊孢子和分生孢子萌发的温度范围及最适温度分别为5~30℃(最适20℃)和0~35℃(最适25℃)。连续光照有利于菌落生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发,光暗交替有利于子囊孢子萌发;pH 4.0~10.0范围内菌丝均可生长,最适为pH 6.5,产孢的pH范围为6.0~7.0,最适6.5,pH 4.5~9.2条件下孢子均可萌发,最适pH为7.0;子囊孢子和分生孢子分别在相对湿度95%和75%以上可萌发,水中萌发最好;枸杞叶片浸渍液、葡萄糖液等营养条件对孢子萌发有一定促进作用。本研究结果为枸杞小黑梨孢褐斑病后续研究提供一定的理论依据,同时为制定枸杞褐斑病的综合防控措施提供了一定的技术支撑。 相似文献
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Induced Resistance as a Mechanism of Biological Control by Lysobacter enzymogenes Strain C3 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT Induced resistance was found to be a mechanism for biological control of leaf spot, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) using the bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3. Resistance elicited by C3 suppressed germination of B. sorokiniana conidia on the phylloplane in addition to reducing the severity of leaf spot. The pathogen-inhibitory effect could be separated from antibiosis by using heat-inactivated cells of C3 that retained no antifungal activity. Application of live or heat-killed cells to tall fescue leaves resulted only in localized resistance confined to the treated leaf, whereas treatment of roots resulted in systemic resistance expressed in the foliage. The effects of foliar and root applications of C3 were long lasting, as evidenced by suppression of conidial germination and leaf spot development even when pathogen inoculation was delayed 15 days after bacterial treatment. When C3 population levels and germination of pathogen conidia was examined on leaf segments, germination percentage was reduced on all segments from C3-treated leaves compared with segments from non-treated leaves, but no dose-response relationship typical of antagonism was found. Induced resistance by C3 was not host or pathogen specific; foliar application of heat-killed C3 cells controlled B. sorokiniana on wheat and also was effective in reducing the severity of brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, on tall fescue. Treatments of tall fescue foliage or roots with C3 resulted in significantly elevated peroxidase activity compared with the control. 相似文献
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茄子棒孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定及致病性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究对茄子棒孢叶斑病的症状进行系统的描述,采用致病性试验、形态学观察及分子生物学的方法对茄子棒孢叶斑病的病原菌进行鉴定。致病性试验证实病原菌对茄子的致病力显著高于黄瓜。显微观察发现同一病原菌在茄子上形成的孢子以圆柱形为主,孢子体较窄;而在黄瓜上形成的孢子具有圆柱形和倒棍棒形两种形态,且较宽。对病原菌rDNA ITS区进行PCR扩增和序列测定。综合形态特征、致病力和分子序列分析结果,确定茄子棒孢叶斑病病原菌为Corynespora cassiicola。 相似文献
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为明确内蒙古、河北地区燕麦叶斑病病原菌种类及其生物学特性,采用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离,通过形态学特征及18SrDNA序列分析进行分类鉴定,以离体和活体叶片接种进行致病性测定,并采用十字交叉法对病原菌的生物学特性进行研究。结果表明,共分离到3株菌株R1、H44和B8,根据形态学特征和18SrDNA序列分析将3株菌株均鉴定为燕麦内脐蠕孢菌Drechslera avenacea(M.A.Curtis ex Cooke)Shoemaker,有性态为燕麦核腔菌Pyrenophora avenae S.Ito et Kurib.。3株菌株均为致病菌,在离体和活体叶片上均能产生腐烂坏死病斑。3株菌株的菌丝在5~30℃、pH 5~11范围内均可生长,其中菌株R1和H44的最适生长温度为25℃、最适生长pH为8,菌株B8的最适生长温度为20~25℃、最适生长pH为7~8。3株菌株对碳源的利用效果中均以淀粉最好,对乳糖利用效果最差;菌株R1的最适氮源是硝酸铵,对蛋白胨和尿素利用效果最差;菌株H44和B8的最适氮源是蛋白胨,菌株H44对硫酸铵利用效果较差,3株菌株都不能利用碳酸铵,且菌株B8也不能利用尿素。 相似文献
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Relationships between temperature and latent periods of rust and leaf-spot diseases of groundnut 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
The effect of temperature on the latent periods of rust, late leaf spot and early leaf spot diseases of groundnut caused by Puccinia arachidis, Phaeoisariopsis personata and Cercospora arachidicola , respectively, was studied. The latent periods (LP) of rust, late leaf spot and early leaf spot ranged from 12–49 days, 13–38 days and 13–39 days, respectively, between 12°C and 33°C An equation relating the rate of pathogen development (1/LP) to temperature was fitted using daily mean temperatures to provide three cardinal temperatures: the minimum (Tmln ), optimum (Topl ), and maximum (Tmax ), Tmln was about 12°C for rust and about 10°C for the two leaf-spot diseases. Topt , for all three diseases was close to 25°C. Tmax was 31°C for early leaf spot, and extrapolated values for late leaf spot and rust were about 35 and 40°C, respectively.
For P. personata , a temperature response curve was fitted using data only from controlled environment experiments. This curve was used to simulate latent periods from both mean daily and mean hourly temperatures in the field. There was substantially better agreement between observed and simulated latent period with hourly temperatures, provided the developmental rate of the pathogen was determined at a constant temperature. 相似文献
For P. personata , a temperature response curve was fitted using data only from controlled environment experiments. This curve was used to simulate latent periods from both mean daily and mean hourly temperatures in the field. There was substantially better agreement between observed and simulated latent period with hourly temperatures, provided the developmental rate of the pathogen was determined at a constant temperature. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to identify the pathogens causing a new leaf spot disease on bitter gourd. The diseased leaves were collected from bitter gourd plantations around Nanning, Guangxi province. The pathogen causing this disease was identified by pathogenicity, morphology, and combined gene sequences analysis on ITS, TEF and GPD. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen were similar to that of Bipolaris bicolor. The representative isolate was clustered into one clade in phylogenetic tree with B. bicolor, which indicated that the leaf spot of bitter gourd was caused by B. bicolor. This is the first report of a leaf spot disease caused by B. bicolor on bitter gourd. 相似文献