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试验以新鲜牦牛血液为原料,采用血粉法、冰醋酸法及醋酸钠法,探索制备氯化血红素的最优工艺参数,并对不同方法制备的氯化血红素纯度及得量进行对比。结果显示,血粉法的最优工艺是超声处理时间40 min,酸性丙酮添加量为120 mL,抽提时间30 min,乙酸钠添加量为9 mL,氯化血红素纯度达到96%,得量为7.38 g/L。采用冰醋酸法制备氯化血红素,当冰醋酸添加量为红细胞量的3倍时,氯化血红素纯度达到80%,得量为6.10 g/L。采用醋酸钠法制备氯化血红素,当氯仿添加量为红细胞量的2倍时,氯化血红素纯度达到90%,得量为3.44 g/L。通过对比3种制备方法,氯化血红素纯度依次为血粉法 > 醋酸钠法 > 冰醋酸法;氯化血红素得量依次为血粉法 > 冰醋酸法 > 醋酸钠法,由此可知,3种方法中,选用血粉法制备氯化血红素的量更高且更加有利于工业化生产。 相似文献
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本实验以牦牛血为原料,采用单因素实验选取最佳工艺参数,实验结果表明：蒸馏水、氯仿、酸性丙酮添加量分别为血液体积的1倍、4倍和4倍时效果较好,牦牛血红素纯度达到99.42%,收率为8.18g/L（按血细胞计）。 相似文献
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建立一种新型藏羊血红素的提取方法。以藏羊血为原料,丙酮和酸性丙酮为提取溶剂,所得粗提物进行纯化后,采用红外光谱法对血红素进行定性分析,并用紫外分光光度法进行定量测定。通过进行单因素试验,可确定丙酮添加量为血液体积1倍、离心时间为15min是制备藏羊血红素的最优条件,该法制备血红素成本低,操作过程简便,生产周期短,纯度可达98.60%,且收率达到（87.91±9.04）%。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探索血红素铁与硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)对妊娠母鼠繁殖成绩,妊娠母鼠组织与胎鼠铁含量,妊娠母鼠组织铁调素(hepcidin)、膜铁转运蛋白(Fpn)、猫白血病病毒C亚类受体(Flvcr)、转铁蛋白受体1(Tfr1)、转铁蛋白受体2(Tfr2)、二价金属转运体1(DMT1)和血红素转运蛋白(HCP)表达的影响。随机选取2月龄体况接近的昆明小鼠母鼠80只,随机分为8组,分别为对照组、缺铁组、血红素铁组(15、60、90 mg/kg血红素铁)、FeSO_4组(75、300、450 mg/kg FeSO_4),每组10只。配种受孕起对照组饲喂正常饲粮(基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg FeSO_4);其他各组均饲喂基础饲粮,妊娠第10~13天注射40 mg/kg去铁胺(DFO),诱导妊娠母鼠缺铁模型;妊娠第14天血红素铁组和FeSO_4组开始在基础饲粮中添加血红素铁或FeSO_4,缺铁组不添加。试验期为妊娠后1~20 d。结果表明:1)60 mg/kg血红素铁组胎鼠重最高,极显著高于对照组与缺铁组(P0.01)。2)60 mg/kg血红素铁组与450 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠血液血红蛋白(HGB)含量、红细胞数(RBC)和红细胞容积(HCT)极显著高于缺铁组(P0.01)。3)60 mg/kg血红素铁组胎鼠铁含量最高,极显著高于对照组与FeSO_4组(P0.01);450 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠肝脏、脾脏和胎盘铁含量均为最高。4)90 mg/kg血红素铁组和450 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠肝脏hepcidin表达量较高,极显著高于缺铁组与对照组(P0.01);15 mg/kg血红素铁组母鼠肝脏Fpn、Tfr2表达量较高,极显著高于对照组和缺铁组(P0.01);60 mg/kg血红素铁组母鼠肝脏Tfr1、Flvcr表达量较高,极显著高于对照组和缺铁组(P0.01);75 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠肝脏Tfr1表达量较高,极显著高于对照组和缺铁组(P0.01)。5)缺铁组母鼠十二指肠Fpn、HCP、DMT1、Flvcr表达量均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。6)缺铁组母鼠胎盘Fpn、Tfr1、DMT1、Flvcr、HCP表达量极显著高于对照组(P0.01);90 mg/kg血红素铁组和450 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠胎盘hepcidin表达量较高,极显著高于缺铁组与对照组(P0.01)。7)饲粮血红素铁添加量为61.00 mg/kg或FeSO_4添加量为336.11 mg/kg时,胎鼠铁含量最高;饲粮血红素铁添加量为93.49 mg/kg时,母鼠肝脏铁含量最高。综合得出,母鼠饲粮中添加适宜量的血红素铁或FeSO_4均可显著促进胎鼠增重,诱导母鼠靶组织铁调基因的表达,提高母鼠组织和妊娠20 d胎鼠机体铁含量;HCP和Flvcr在母鼠肠道对血红素铁吸收或胎盘转运起至关重要的作用,但肠道吸收或胎盘转运FeSO_4主要以DMT1和Tfr2为主。关键词:妊娠母鼠;血红蛋白;铁含量;铁调素;血红素铁 相似文献
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对6周龄雄性Wistar大鼠5次灌胃给予20％LD50的乐果，观察给药后大鼠的毒性反应，每日测定实验鼠采食量、饮水量和体重。最后一次给药后第24h，采用丁酰硫代胆碱法测定大鼠红细胞、血清和脑组织中的胆碱酯酶浓度，并采用定量RT-PCR法检测大鼠肝中细胞色素P450基因8个亚型的表达量。结果表明，大鼠用药后不同时间内出现了有机磷药物中毒的典型症状，其采食量、饮水量和体重明显下降，红细胞、血清和脑组织中胆碱酯酶浓度均明显低于对照组，肝细胞色素P450的8个亚型中CYP2B1／2的表达量明显高于对照组。 相似文献
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The minimal anesthetic concentration (MAC) for halothane and cardiopulmonary dose-responses at several concentrations of halothane were determined during spontaneous ventilation in nine young adult Pekin ducks. The MAC for halothane was 1.04 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- SD). There were dose-dependent decreases in ventilation, significant reductions in inspiratory and expiratory times, and prolongation of expiratory pause times. The end-tidal halothane concentration at apnea in five ducks was less than 1.53% and anesthetic index was less than 1.51. Heart rate increased significantly as the concentration of halothane was increased, but arterial blood pressure did not change. Cardiac arrhythmias developed in five ducks at end-tidal halothane concentrations as low as 1.15%, and one duck died of cardiac arrest. 相似文献
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PJ CANFIELD 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(12):793-800
Haematological investigation is an important part of disease diagnosis. This is particularly so when investigating individual animal disease. It may also be important when investigating diseases in groups of animals, but the opportunity to perform necropsies to directly detect disease processes often diminishes its usefulness. Haematological investigation is essentially similar for all species. The presence of nucleated erythrocytes and thrombocytes in nonmammals requires alteration of haemoglobin measurement and cell counting. In addition, it may cause some confusion in identification of cells in peripheral blood films. Examination of blood films is an important component of haematological investigation and provides useful information on erythroid, leukocytic and platelet/thrombocytic alterations. Interpretation of alterations is essentially similar for all species. However, cell identification can at times be difficult. There are five basic leukocytes in all species: neutrophil (mammals) or heterophil (nonmammals), eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte and monocyte. In nonmammals it may be difficult at times to distinguish between heterophils and eosinophils. In addition, lymphocytes may be confused with thrombocytes. However, a common-sense approach to the examination of the peripheral blood film will minimise this confusion. 相似文献
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Nogami S Murasugi E Shimazaki K Maeda R Harasawa R Nakagaki K 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,92(3):227-232
Microfilarial periodicity of Dirofilaria immitis in the venous blood of infected cats was analyzed by a trigonometric model. Cats were infected by subcutaneous transplantation with 120-day-old juvenile D. immitis. Microfilariae in the blood were first observed 98 days after transplantation. Blood was collected at 4h intervals for a 24h period, and examinations were repeated five times in two cats. The calculated periodicity index was 75.1 and 50.3 in these two cats. The estimated hour of peak microfilarial density ranged from 1.00 to 2.84h. Thus, the periodicity of microfilariae of D. immitis in the blood of cats was characterized as nocturnally sub-periodic. 相似文献
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The aim of the study was to construct a screening programme for disseminated histiocytic sarcoma (DHS) in Bernese Mountain dogs using diagnostic imaging and blood analysis and evaluate blood borne biomarkers as early disease detection biomarkers. Healthy Bernese Mountain dogs were screened on four occasions in an attempt to detect early disease. Eleven blood borne biomarkers were examined for their worth as early tumour biomarkers. During 2.5 years, five dogs with early DHS were identified; four of these by diagnostic imaging. No dogs developed symptomatic DHS without being detected within 6 months of the screening programme. Only serum ferritin showed potential as a blood borne marker of the disease. Median survival times for the dogs with early DHS were 226 days. Screening programmes every 6 months for Bernese Mountain dogs over 4 years of age including diagnostic imaging and ferritin measurements may identify early DHS. 相似文献
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Ultrasonographic images were acquired of the mammary glands of 40 bitches with physiologically lactating (n = 20) or inflamed glands (n = 20). Echogenicity, structure, homogeneity, thickness, and distinguishability of each tissue layer were assessed. Additionally, overall echogenicity was noted. In the normal lactating gland, different tissues could be differentiated easily. The parenchyma was, without exception, separated from adjacent tissues and was visible as medium echogenic tissue with a coarse-grained structure. The tissue always had some echogenic lines and anechoic areas and was slightly heterogeneous. The loss of distinct layering of the tissue was characteristic of an inflamed mammary gland and inflamed regions had reduced echogenicity. Additionally in five bitches with mastitis, the ultrasound examination was repeated five times for documentation of the progress of the illness and associated changes, supplemented with a color Doppler sonogram to assess changes in blood vessel density. Information from the examinations carried out via B-mode did not allow treatment success to be predicted. Two bitches with reduced blood vessel density centrally had a poor outcome whereas three bitches with increased blood vessel density had a good outcome. Thus, Doppler sonography might be a useful tool to obtain information of the prognosis in acute canine mastitis. 相似文献
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A 2% aqueous solution of methylene blue was administered as a single intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection (10 mg/kg) to six lactating cows and seven lactating goats and as a continuous i.v. drip to five lactating goats. The same dose was administered as a 10% solution by intramammary infusion to five lactating goats. Blood and milk samples collected at various times after these treatments were assayed for the drug by a colorimetric method. Methylene blue, a highly charged molecule (pKa <1), passed readily from blood into milk; drug concentrations in milk 4-36 h after the single i.v. bolus injection were higher than those in blood. When examined at constant methylene blue levels in blood, a milk-blood ratio of 5: 1 was observed. After intramammary infusion, the drug passed quickly into systemic circulation, peaked at 3 h and was still detectable in blood 12 h after infusion. The drug appeared in the urine within 1 5 min after intramammary infusion. The rapid movement of the drug across the blood-milk barrier cannot be explained on the basis of its known physicochemical properties or according to the pH-pKa passive diffusion concept. 相似文献
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LYNN G. WHEATON dvm diplomateacvs WILLIE M. REED dvm phd diplomateacvp 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(1):7-14
To facilitate blood collection from blood donor dogs, arteriovenous fistulas were established between the common carotid arteries and external jugular veins in five adult dogs. Twelve to 16 mm, side-to-side anastomoses were created using simple interrupted 6–0 polypropylene sutures. Starting 1 month after the surgical procedure, 500 ml of blood was collected from each dog as required. Electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, and cardiac output and rate were used to monitor cardiac changes. Blood flow characteristics, and proliferative and dystrophic cellular changes occurring in the vessels were documented in one dog.
The mean blood collection times were 2 minutes and 45 seconds from the fistula site and 9.0 minutes from the opposite jugular vein. Ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial changes were observed on electrocardiogram in two dogs, and radiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension was noted in three dogs. Reversed blood flow was documented in the common carotid artery and external jugular vein distal to the arteriovenous fistula. Four dogs were still in use as blood donors 1 to 1 1/2 years after establishment of the fistulas. Clinical signs of congestive heart failure were not observed. 相似文献
The mean blood collection times were 2 minutes and 45 seconds from the fistula site and 9.0 minutes from the opposite jugular vein. Ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial changes were observed on electrocardiogram in two dogs, and radiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension was noted in three dogs. Reversed blood flow was documented in the common carotid artery and external jugular vein distal to the arteriovenous fistula. Four dogs were still in use as blood donors 1 to 1 1/2 years after establishment of the fistulas. Clinical signs of congestive heart failure were not observed. 相似文献
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F. Atroshi J. Parantainen S. Sankari T. Österman 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(6):427-433
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cocentrations in milk and plasma samples from healthy and mastitic cows were determined by radioi-immunoassay and compared with prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 and thromboxane B2 [TXB2]), phospholipids and other relevant parameters in milk and blood. The concentrations of cAMP were about five times higher in plasma (p<0.01) than in milk, whereas the cGMP concentration in milk was three times higher (p<0.01) than that in plasma in both healthy and diseased animals. In mastitic milk, the cAMP and cGMP concentrations were 19% and 65% and in blood plasma 13% and 84% higher respectively than in healthy animals. In milk, cyclic nucleotide concentrations correlated with the markedly elevated cell count and also with the prostaglandin concentration and pH. In blood, cAMP correlated positively with phospholipids and cGMP with reduced glutathione (GSH). These changes are considered to be important in the disease process and, in particular, the increase in cGMP deserves further study. 相似文献