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Dietary L‐tryptophan modulates growth and immuno‐metabolic status of Labeo rohita juveniles exposed to nitrite 
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下载免费PDF全文 Alexander Ciji Narottam Prasad Sahu Asim Kumar Pal Mohammad Shahbaz Akhtar 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(8):2013-2024
Effect of nitrite exposure on growth and immuno‐metabolic responses of Labeo rohita fed L‐tryptophan (TRP) was studied. Fish previously fed normal and elevated levels of tryptophan for 60 days were exposed to nitrite (2.0 mg L?1) for another 45 days with same feeding regime. There were four treatment groups, viz., TRP0‐N (control), TRP0+N, TRP0.75+N (0.75% supplemental tryptophan in the diet) and TRP1.5+N (1.5% supplemental tryptophan in the diet). Highest weight gain% and SGR were observed in control and lowest in TRP0+N. Dietary supplementation of elevated levels of tryptophan augmented weight gain% and SGR. Nitrite exposed groups recorded higher catalase, SOD, LDH, AST and ALT activities compared with control. However, activities reduced with additional levels of tryptophan supplementation. Nitrite exposure reduced WBC count, total protein, albumin, globulin and lysozyme activity compared with unexposed group but groups which were fed additional amounts of tryptophan restored total protein, albumin and globulin similar to TRP0‐N. In conclusion, nitrite exposure had adversely affected growth, increased activities of LDH, AST, ALT, catalase, but decreased WBC, serum protein, lysozyme and acetylcholine esterase activity of L. rohita. Normal requirement of tryptophan was unable to combat nitrite stress. However, dietary fortification with tryptophan (minimum 0.75% of diet + normal requirement) found effective in combating nitrite induced stress. 相似文献
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1H‐NMR metabolomic profiling of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus subjected to polyphenol‐enriched diets 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Susan Costantini Lucia Parrillo Eliana Guerriero Dominique Melck Giovanni Colonna Maria Grazia Volpe Marina Paolucci 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):524-538
1H‐NMR analysis of the hepatopancreas, muscle and haemolymph of Astacus leptodactylus after feeding with polyphenol‐enriched diet is reported. 1H‐NMR spectra of lipophilic extracts showed the presence of cholesterol, fatty acid residues, phospholipids and triglycerides. 1H‐NMR spectra of aqueous extracts identified 35 metabolites in the hepatopancreas, 31 in the muscle and 22 in the haemolymph. A total of 20 metabolites (amino acids and their derivatives) were present in the hepatopancreas, the muscle and the haemolymph. A total of 10 metabolites were present in both the hepatopancreas and the muscle (five amino acids, 2‐hydroxybutyrate, choline, myo‐inositol, glycogen and uracil). 2‐Hydroxyisobutyrate and creatine were present in both the hepatopancreas and the haemolymph. Phosphorylethanolamine, phosphocholine and fumarate were present only in the hepatopancreas and isoleucine only in the muscle. Statistical analysis showed that the percentage of weight gain was statistically higher in polyphenol‐enriched diet groups compared to the control and that polyphenols had a stimulating effect on the general metabolism. No stress‐related metabolites were higher in crayfish fed with polyphenol‐enriched diet. Conversely, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and DHA, linked to resistance to environmental stress and diseases, were higher compared to the control diet. This study indicates that 1H‐NMR is a useful tool to study the metabolomics in relation to diet differences. 相似文献
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Effect of oxidized fish oil and α‐tocopherol on growth,antioxidation status,serum immune enzyme activity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L.G. Wang E.C. Li J.G. Qin Z.Y. Du N. Yu Y.Q. Kong D.X. Feng L.Q. Chen 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(4):414-424
The impact of dietary α‐tocopherol on juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was experimentally evaluated in a 10‐week study. Crab were fed with nine diets including three levels of α‐tocopherol (0, 100 and 300 mg kg?1 diet) and three levels of fish oil oxidation (fresh, moderate and high) in triplicates. Fresh and moderate oil oxidization enhanced weight gain, but moderate and high oil oxidization lowered survival and feed efficiency. The 100‐mg α‐tocopherol kg?1 diet resulted in higher hepatopancreas MDA than other α‐tocopherol diets. High oil oxidization led to the lowest serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPH‐PX). The serum SOD and GPH‐PX activities in crab fed 100 mg α‐tocopherol were higher than in those fed other α‐tocopherol diets. The diet without α‐tocopherol addition lowered lysozyme and phenoloxidase (PO) activities compared to other α‐tocopherol diets. Fresh fish oil diet increased PO activity compared to oxidized oils. High oil oxidization caused significantly more mortality than fresh or moderate oxidization after 7‐d postchallenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Supplementation with α‐tocopherol significantly enhanced resistance to bacterial infection. This study indicates that α‐tocopherol can protect lipid from peroxidation and enhance disease resistance. 相似文献
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用含不同浓度梯度(0、50、100、150 mg/kg)黄芩苷的饲料连续投喂健康的中国对虾Fen-neropenaeus chinensis,于给药第1、3、5、7、9、11天采集实验对虾的血淋巴、肝胰腺、肌肉组织,测定不同组织的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、一氧化氮合酶(INOS)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化,研究黄芩苷对中国对虾非特异性免疫酶活指标和解毒代谢能力的影响。实验结果表明,中、高浓度处理组血淋巴、肝胰腺、肌肉组织的ACP、INOS、SOD在第3天后呈上升趋势,分别达到峰值后趋于稳定状态,与同期对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05);低浓度黄芩苷处理组各种酶活性与同期对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),而低、中、高浓度处理组血淋巴LSZ酶活性与同期对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。各种酶活亦存在组织差异性,其中ACP、CAT在肝胰腺中活性最高,肌肉和血淋巴次之;而INOS、LSZ、SOD活性,血淋巴中最高,肌肉和肝胰腺次之。同时攻毒试验表明,黄芩苷能有效地降低试验组中国对虾的死亡率,提高免疫保护率。其中,中浓度处理组的保护效果最佳。 相似文献
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Jie Chang Wenbing Zhang Kangsen Mai Hongming Ma Zhiguo Liufu Xiaojie Wang Qinghui Ai Wei Xu 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(8):1101-1109
The white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, fed immunostimulant‐free, 0.2%β‐glucan and 0.06% glycyrrhizin diets for 18 days, respectively, were challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus at 6.4 × 104 CFU shrimp?1. The total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory burst (RB) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity changes for a 120‐h period were investigated, and shrimp mortality was also recorded. The results showed that PO activity, RB and SOD activity were significantly higher in shrimp fed the two immunostimulant diets after 18 days than those in shrimp fed immunostimulant‐free diets. The THC and SOD activity decreased significantly from 0 to 24 h post challenge, and then reverted to normal levels at 96 and 72 h respectively. The values for PO activity and RB increased from 0 to 48 h post challenge. Compared with those fed the control diets, shrimp fed immunostimulants had significantly higher PO activity and RB values at 120 h post challenge. Mortalities after challenge with V. alginolyticus were significantly lower in shrimp fed with β‐glucan or glycyrrhizin than in those fed with a diet without immunostimulants. It was concluded that dietary β‐glucan and glycyrrhizin increased the shrimp immunity. Furthermore, β‐glucan caused an increase in some immune parameters 12 h earlier than glycyrrhizin after V. alginolyticus challenge. 相似文献
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Dietary supplementation of β‐glucan improves growth performance,the innate immune response and stress resistance of red sea bream,Pagrus major 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M.A.O. Dawood S. Koshio M. Ishikawa S. Yokoyama M.F. El Basuini M.S. Hossain T.H. Nhu A.S. Moss S. Dossou H. Wei 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(1):148-159
A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemented diets with β‐glucan (BG) at four levels [0 (D1), 250 (D2), 500 (D3) and 1000 (D4) mg BG kg?1] on red sea bream, Pagrus major. The obtained results revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, body protein content, lysozyme activity and tolerance against low‐salinity stress test in all BG‐supplemented groups when compared with BG‐free group. Furthermore, D4 group resulted in a significant increase in feed efficiency ratio, protein gain, protein and lipid digestibilities, serum bactericidal activity and peroxidase content when compared with D1 group (P < 0.05). Haematocrit and plasma protein content in D3 group were significantly higher than those in D1 group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, BG supplementation decreased glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in D2 group and reactive oxygen metabolites in D2, D3 and D4 groups when compared with D1 group. Following low‐salinity stress test, significantly higher amounts of secreted mucus were observed in fish fed D2 and D4 diets than those from fish fed D1 diet (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of BG improves growth, stress resistance and immune response of P. major. 相似文献
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Baldassare Fronte Cheol‐Hee Kim Marco Bagliacca Lucia Casini Mahanama De Zoysa 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(11):3163-3170
High aquacultural rearing density and handling of fish may frequently result in skin or gills wounds, thereby facilitating the onset of secondary infections. The capacity of the zebrafish to regenerate tissues, as well as fins and other organs, makes it an ideal animal model for studying the mechanisms of tissue regeneration. Since macrophages are involved in tissue regeneration, a diet including ß‐glucans might positively affect the process through activation of macrophages and other immune pathways. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the oral administration of 1,3‐1,6 β‐glucans on the regeneration process of the caudal fin after its amputation in zebrafish. One hundred and twenty zebrafish were randomly distributed into four groups with three replicates each: an untreated non‐amputated group (CNA) and an untreated amputated group (CA) fed a control diet; two treated and amputated groups (MI and MII) fed for 14 days the same diet with the addition of two differently extracted 1,3‐1,6 ß‐glucans (MacroGard® and Experimental MacroGard®, Biorigin©). ß‐glucans were added to allowed the administration of 12.5 mg/kg of fish body weight (0.35 g/kg of feed). Results showed that 1,3‐1,6 ß‐glucans decreased fish mortality rate and enhanced both daily and cumulative regenerated fin area, independent of the specific ß‐glucan extraction method used. Based on the mechanisms similarities of the innate immune system and tissue regeneration among different teleost species, these results may likely be extended to species of interest for the aquaculture sector. 相似文献
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Tingting Zhu Min Jin Yingmei Hou Chenchen Li Jiaxiang Luo Peng Sun Qi‐Cun Zhou 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(6):1440-1450
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities and biochemical composition of juvenile swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus of initial weight 2.34 ± 0.08 g. Four different diets were formulated to contain fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) or palm oil (PO). The highest final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and molting frequency were observed in crabs fed the FO diet. Crabs fed the SO diet showed higher glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in both serum and hepatopancreas than those fed the FO diet. The lowest malondialdehyde concentration in hepatopancreas and serum were occurred at crabs fed the SO diet. Crabs fed the LO diet had significantly higher SOD and CAT activities in hepatopancreas compared with those fed the FO diet. Crabs fed the PO diet had the highest activities of fatty acid synthase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activities in hepatopancreas among all treatments. Fatty acid compositions both in hepatopancreas and muscle reflected those of diets. Overall, these findings demonstrated that physiological–biochemical characteristics and lipid metabolism were significantly regulated by different dietary lipid sources. Moreover, dietary SO and LO supplementation could improve antioxidant ability. 相似文献
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在水温(21±1)℃和盐度20±1下,将体质量(95.45±5.29)g的半滑舌鳎饲养在78cm×58cm×46cm水槽中,投喂按0、5、10、15g/kg添加贯众、当归、黄芪的饲料,每箱20尾,每个水平3个重复,7d、14d和21d时尾柄采血,测定总超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及总抗氧化能力、丙二醛、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量。试验结果表明,14d时,贯众剂量为15g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力显著高于对照组(P0.05),14d和21d时,各剂量组丙二醛含量均低于对照组;14d时,当归剂量为5g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力达到最高值;21d时,黄芪剂量为10g/kg组的丙二醛含量值显著低于对照组(P0.05),21d时,黄芪剂量为5g/kg组的半滑舌鳎血液中总超氧化物岐化酶活力达到最高值,不同剂量的黄芪对过氧化氢酶活力有显著影响,但均低于对照组(P0.05);7d时,各组总抗氧化能力达到最高值。试验表明,单独添加贯众、当归及黄芪均不同程度地影响半滑舌鳎血液的抗氧化指标。 相似文献
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为了探讨鸡枞菌多糖(TAP)对鲫(Carassius auratus)的生物学活性,以饲料里添加1%的黄芪多糖(APS)为对照,连续14 d在鲫饲料里分别添加0.1%、0.5%和1%的TAP,观察其在第7和14天对鲫肥满度、肝体比、头肾体比、肝胰脏中MDA、CAT、SOD以及LZM的影响。结果显示:实验第7天,TAP高剂量组的肥满度极显著高于其余各组,其余各组在实验期间的肥满度与肝体比均无显著差异。与空白组比,实验第7天,APS组与TAP中剂量组的肝胰脏MDA含量分别极显著和显著降低;在给药期间两种多糖均使CAT和SOD水平有不同程度的升高。与空白组比,给药期间,TAP和APS均能不同程度提高鲫头肾体比,且二者差异不显著;TAP高剂量组的LZM水平显著提高,且显著高于APS组。结果表明,TAP对鲫连续给药14 d的促生长作用不显著,但可通过上调CAT、SOD来降低MDA,且对非特异性免疫功能有显著提高。 相似文献
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The effects of dietary β‐ (1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast (Sacharomyces uvarum) on the immune response and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated in Cyprinus carpio. β‐(1,3) glucan was extracted from the yeast. Both β‐(1,3) glucan and whole yeast were incorporated into the diet at 1% level and fed to common carp C. carpio for a period of 60 days. Control and treated fish were exposed to A. hydrophila on the 30th and the 60th day of the experimental period. Dietary supplementation of glucan significantly increased the white blood cell count in fish on the 60th day (2.91±0.04 × 104), and the highest nuetrophil nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) activity was also observed in glucan‐fed fish (30th day). A consistent increase in neutrophil (NBT) activity was also observed in whole cell fed fish until the end of the experiment. Similarly, β‐(1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast enhanced the serum lysozyme activity from the 15th day onwards but higher activity was reported on the 30th day in glucan and the 60th day in whole cell yeast‐fed fish. Suplementation of β‐(1,3) glucan protected the fish from A. hydrophila infection. Nearly 75–80% of the fish survived pathogen exposure (relative percentage survival). However, only 54–60% survival was observed in the whole cell‐fed fish. β‐(1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast protect the fish from pathogens by enhancing the cellular and humoral immune response in C. carpio. 相似文献
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为阐明盐度为5条件下不同浓度亚硝酸盐亚急性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长与免疫功能的影响,本研究设置5个亚硝酸盐浓度组(0.50、0.90、1.70、3.20和6.00 mg/L)和对照组(0.05 mg/L),检测分析了亚硝酸盐胁迫40 d后凡纳滨对虾免疫相关酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及免疫和生长相关基因表达的变化。结果显示,凡纳滨对虾死亡率随亚硝酸盐浓度的增加而升高,6.00 mg/L浓度组体质量增长率(WGR)和体长增长率(LGR)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。部分浓度组亚硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和血清中的免疫相关酶活性具有一定的诱导作用。其中,当亚硝酸盐浓度高于0.50 mg/L时,肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.50、0.90和1.70 mg/L浓度组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血清中CAT和SOD活性随亚硝酸盐浓度的增加均呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势;0.90 mg/L浓度组的肝胰腺和血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。MDA含量变化无明显规律。此外,血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,除0.50 mg/L浓度组外,其他浓度组的mn-sod和hsp70基因表达量显著升高(P<0.05);各浓度组的cat、trx、tgase、trypsin和chitinase基因表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。经亚硝酸盐胁迫40 d后,各浓度组凡纳滨对虾的生长和免疫功能均受到明显的阻遏作用。在盐度为5条件下,为确保凡纳滨对虾的健康养殖,亚硝酸盐浓度应控制在0.50 mg/L以内。 相似文献
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L. FENG W.‐W. XIAO Y. LIU J. JIANG K. HU W.‐D. JIANG S.‐H. LI X.‐Q. ZHOU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(6):595-604
Oxidative damage and antioxidant status of intestine and hepatopancreas for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA: 0, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, 12.7, 15.3 g kg?1 diet) for 60 days were studied. Radical scavenging ability, antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reducase (GR), as well as glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were assayed in these tissues. Results indicated that anti‐superoxide anion capacity in intestine and anti‐hydroxyl radical capacity in hepatopancreas significantly improved with dietary MHA levels up to 7.6 and 10.2 g kg?1 diet respectively, whereupon they decreased (P < 0.05). SOD, CAT, GST, GPX, GR activities in intestine and hepatopancreas, as well as GSH content in hepatopancreas significantly increased with optimal MHA levels which were in the range of 5.1–10.2 g kg?1 diet, and thereafter decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MDA and PC contents in these tissues together with GOT and GPT activities in plasma significantly decreased with optimal MHA levels which were in the range of 5.1–7.6 g kg?1 diet, and thereafter increased (P < 0.05). These results suggested that MHA improved antioxidant status and depressed lipid and protein oxidation in intestine and hepatopancreas. 相似文献
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Sajjad Pourmozaffar Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Hossein Rameshi Mohsen Gozari 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(11):3435-3443
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary ACV (apple cider vinegar) and PA (propionic acid) supplementation on some biochemical properties of haemolymph and fibrillar cell (F‐cell) number in the hepatopancreas of shrimp. Five different diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% ACV and 0.5% PA diets were fed to Litopenaeus vanammei. Some biochemical parameters of haemolymph (cortisol, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, phosphorus, total hemocyte count) and prevalence of F‐cell in hepatopancreas were examined after 60 days feeding trial. The albumin concentration and total hemocyte count in 2% and 4% ACV and PA groups were significantly higher than those of other groups (p < .05). Moreover, the highest phosphorus concentration was detected in shrimp fed 4% ACV and PA experimental diets (p < .05). No significant differences in haemolymph cortisol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and tubule area were observed among the experimental groups (p > .05). 2% ACV group showed more F‐cell number in hepatopancreas than other groups while the reduction in F‐cell number was observed in the PA group. Based on these observations, the tested ACV and PA diets remarkably exhibited positive impacts on nutritional value and they may be a potential for adding to shrimp diet. 相似文献
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Effects of dietary Rhodiola rosea on growth,body composition and antioxidant capacity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under normal conditions and combined stress of low‐salinity and nitrite 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Y. Wang J.‐P. Liang Y.‐F. Duan J. Niu J. Wang Z. Huang H.‐Z. Lin 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(3):548-559
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Comparison of immune responses and antioxidant status of different generations of growth‐selected Portunus trituberculatus families 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inbreeding on the immune responses and antioxidant status of Portunus trituberculatus juveniles. Results showed that inbreeding affected the total haemocyte count, and phagocytic, pro‐phenoloxidase (propo), phenoloxidase and antibacterial activities decreased after the seventh generation. Antioxidant status showed a similar pattern: total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and GSH/GSSG in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas decreased, while catalase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in α2‐macroglobulin and bacteriolytic activities in the cell‐free haemolymph and glutathione peroxidase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas among nine inbreeding generations. Gene expression levels of proPO and crustin in haemocytes and SOD in haemocytes and hepatopancreas also decreased significantly as the inbreeding generations increased. The results suggest that a high level of inbreeding could severely reduce the physiological health of P. trituberculatus. Our obtained data would be particularly useful for P. trituberculatus breeding programmes. 相似文献
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Response of the intestinal mucosal barrier of carp (Cyprinus carpio) to a bacterial challenge by Aeromonas hydrophila intubation after feeding with β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 V Jung‐Schroers M Adamek S Harris H Syakuri A Jung I Irnazarow D Steinhagen 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(7):1077-1092
The effect of dietary β‐glucan on the bacterial community in the gut of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was examined after oral application of Aeromonas hydrophila. Carp received either feed supplemented with 1% MacroGard®, a β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan, or a β‐glucan‐free diet. Fourteen days after feeding, half of the carp from each group were intubated with 109 colony‐forming units (CFU) of a pathogenic strain of A. hydrophila. Gut samples were taken 12 hr to 7 days after application and analysed using microbiological and molecular biological techniques (NGS, RT‐PCR‐DGGE). The reaction of the mucosa and the microbiota to an A. hydrophila intubation differed in carp fed with β‐glucan compared to carp from the control group. In β‐glucan fed carp, the total bacterial amount was lower but the number of bacterial species was higher. Bacterial composition was different for carp from both treatment groups. The number of mucin filled goblet cells was reduced in carp fed the β‐glucan diet. Mucus was obviously released from the goblet cells and was probably washed out of the gut together with high numbers of bacteria. This might be protective against pathogenic bacteria and, therefore, feeding with β‐glucan may provide protection against infections of the gut in carp. 相似文献