共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
2.
日本扁柏造林应用技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文总结了日本扁柏在新宁高海拔山地、低山丘陵及石灰岩地区引种造林的经验，对采种、育苗，造林等应用和物候期、生长规律进行了观察研究，为我省高海拔山区与石灰岩地区造林树种选择问题，提供了有益的技术。 相似文献
3.
4.
黄连木结实期年生长规律的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
黄连木具有抗干旱、耐瘠薄、适应性强的特点,最太行山石灰岩山地阳坡造林的良好树种。本文对黄连木结实期大树的年生长发育规律进行了较系统的观测调查,为太行山石灰岩山地黄连木林的营造及经营管理了依据。 相似文献
5.
太行山石灰岩中山区树种选择研究初报 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对石灰岩中山区两个立地条件，包括干旱阳坡２４个水保林树种，阴坡９个造林树种进行了综合评分。结果为干旱阳坡乔木树种以樟子松、侧柏、油松得分最高，分别为４．８６、４．４３、４．２９；小乔木及灌木树种以沙棘、翅果油树、荆条得分最高，分别为３．７１、３．４３、３．２９；阴坡以樟子松、油松、沙地柏得分最高，分别为５．０、４．０、３．２９。在选择造林树种时，除参考综合评分外，还应考虑立地条件，造林目的和造林方法，以及树种特性和经济价值加以选择。 相似文献
6.
在我国亚热带、暖温带靠近人口密度较大的市、镇附近的低山丘陵地区,常分布着一定面积的人工或半人工经营的针叶树纯林.如在亚热带常绿阔叶林区中的东部亚区有马尾松林,西部亚区有云南松林、华山松林;在暖温带区中有侧柏林、赤松林、油松林、白皮松林以及由国外引种栽培形成的黑松林、湿地松林、火炬松林等.由上述各种针叶树所形成的各种针叶林群落结构和林地的基本情况是;(1)树种单一;(2)林龄相似;(3)树干细长,修枝较高,树冠较小;(4)下木层及枯枝落叶层缺乏;(5)乔木层林冠稀硫,郁闭度低,透光量大,林地干燥导致林木生长缓慢,甚至形成“小老树”;(6)针叶树纯 相似文献
7.
8.
乌江是长江上游的第三大支流,乌江流域的气候适宜于许多农作物和森林树种生长,并有丰富的矿产、水力等资源,但长期以来由于人们对自然资源的不合理开发,生态环境日趋恶化,已对经济建设构成威胁。为恢复生态平衡,国家在“七五”期间将长江上游水土保持研究列入重点攻关项目之一,贵州省林科所承担了75—08—02—13专题,确定德江县板桥河小流域为“乌江中游石灰岩山地温湿气候区水源林、水保林营建技术研究及小流域综合试验 相似文献
9.
<正> 一般说,提前整地能够提高造林成活率,但太行山石灰岩区侧柏造林,在立地条件较差的阳坡,提前整地反不如不整地成活率高。1987年以来,我们在辉县太行山低山石灰岩区开展了(冬季)整地与不整地造林试验,试验结果:①阴坡整地比不整地土壤含水率高3.07％,阳坡整地比不整地低3.18％;整地阴坡比阳坡高6.23％,不整 相似文献
10.
11.
This field study started in July 1982 on a typical alkali soil (Aquic Natrustalf, ESP 99.7) examined the growth responses to some management practices in a unified system planned to establish agroforestry. The planting of 3 salt tolerant tree species with two methods: on flat natural surface (FSPB) without rainwater conservation and on ridges (0.6 m high, 1.5 m at top and 2.5 m at base) having parallel trenches of the same section to store 300 mm of monsoon rainwater; constituted the main plot treatments. The tree planting with and without forage grassDiplachne fusca linn. in the inter-row space and planting in shallow (15 × 60 cm) and deep (15 × 180 cm to cross hard pan) augerholes filled with amendment treated soil (2 kg gypsum, 8 kg FYM, 50 g N, 10 g zinc sulphate and original soil) formed the sub and sub-plot treatments replicated 4 times in a split-split plot design.The mean plant height ofEucalyptus tereticornis smith;Acacia nilotica L; andParkinsonia aculeata L. in 2 years period was 273 and 328, 240 and 240 and 211 and 199 cm respectively with and without rainwater conservation. The corresponding height of the 3 tree species was 314 and 287, 250 and 231 and 207 and 203 cm with and without grass in the inter-row space. Similarly the plant height was 247 and 354, 182 and 298, 172 and 238 in shallow and deep augerholes respectively. The tree height and basal diameter differences with and without rainwater conservation and grass growth remained non-significant but deep augerhole planting was markedly superior to the shallow augerhole planting. The 2 year biomass accumulation also followed the same trend. The grass competed with trees for moisture during hot dry summer months and increased plant mortality particularly in the shallow augerholes and more so on ridges. The plant roots, essentially, remained confined to the amended soil of the augerholes in FSPB but proliferated in the loose soil of ridges or grass and submergence ameliorated surface soil of trenches.Acacia nilotica accumulated low sodium and had the lowest Na:Ca and Na:K ratio. It was found more promising than eucalyptus and parkinsonia as it experienced low mortality and had better chemical constitution to tolerate adverse alkali soil environment. The rainwater conservation system needed further evaluation before drawing final conclusions. 相似文献
12.
Stephen H. Anderson Ranjith P. Udawatta Tshepiso Seobi Harold E. Garrett 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,75(1):5-16
Agroforestry practices are receiving increased attention in temperate zones due to their environmental and economic benefits.
To test the hypothesis that agroforestry buffers reduce runoff by increased infiltration, water use, and water storage; profile
water content and soil water infiltration were measured for a Putnam soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Albaqualf). The watershed
was under no-till management with a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation since 1991. Agroforestry buffer strips, 4.5 m wide and 36.5 m apart, were planted with redtop (Agrostis gigantea Roth), brome (Bromus spp.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor Willd.) and bur oak (Q. macrocarpa Michx.) trees were planted at 3-m intervals in the center of the agroforestry buffers in 1997. Ponded water infiltration
was measured in agroforestry and grass buffers and row crop areas. Water content in agroforestry and row crop areas at 5,
10, 20, and 40 cm depths were measured throughout the year. Quasi-steady infiltration rates were not different (P > 0.05) among the treatments. Agroforestry had lower soil water content than row crop areas (P < 0.05) during the growing season. Higher water content after the principal recharge event in the agroforestry treatment
was attributed to better infiltration through the root system. Results show that agroforestry buffer strips reduce soil water
content during critical times such as fallow periods, and increase water infiltration and water storage. Therefore, adoption
of agroforestry buffer practices may reduce runoff and soil loss from watersheds in row crop management. 相似文献
13.
Silvopastures may have the potential to increase forage yields beneath trees compared to open pasture at some sites. This
has been attributed to a combination of factors including improved water use efficiency by shaded grass and increased water
availability through hydraulic lift by trees. The objectives of this research were to determine if silvopastures changed forage
mass production and available soil water, and to determine how these two factors were related. Forage mass and soil water
were sampled at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.6 m from the tree stem, or plot center under honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and shade cloth in 2006 and 2007. Soil water was measured in the top 10 cm of soil using a capacitance probe, and at
30-cm intervals, from 45 to 105 cm, using a neutron probe. Forage was collected to determine dry mass and annual yield. In
2006, forage mass was greater under black walnuts and honey locusts than under 70% shade cloth. In 2007, with a 50% shade
cloth, forage growth was similar in all treatments. In both 2006 and 2007, soil moisture in the top 10 cm was higher under
shade cloth compared to honey locust or black walnut trees. Similarities in forage mass between treatments in 2007 indicate
that the differences in soil water were not biologically significant for forage growth. Lower forage mass under the 70% shade
cloth in 2006 was due to suppressed growth from intense shading. The major implication for pasture managers is that trees
in these pastures had no negative effect on soil water availability and forage growth. 相似文献
14.
Growth and nitrogen status of young walnuts as affected by intercropped legumes in a Mediterranean climate 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. Dupraz V. Simorte M. Dauzat G. Bertoni A. Bernadac P. Masson 《Agroforestry Systems》1998,43(1-3):71-80
Walnut trees (Juglans nigra L. and Juglans nigra × regia NG23) were intercropped with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or sainfoin
(Onobrychis sativa L.) forage legumes compared to a grass (Festuca arundinacea Schr., fescue), or to spontaneous weeds as
a control in two Mediterranean sites (Castries and Notre-Dame de Londres) near Montpellier (France). Tree growth, soil water
depletion and nitrogen content of the tree leaves were monitored to assess the impact of both water competition and possible
facilitation resulting from fixed nitrogen transfer from the leguminous crops to the trees. At Castries, where alfalfa and
fescue were compared, they were found to have the same impact on tree growth. At Notre-Dame de Londres where sainfoin was
compared with a spontaneous grassing treatment, the sainfoin crop was more competitive to the walnuts. The nitrogen content
of walnut leaves was enhanced when intercropped with nitrogen fixing species at both sites. Perennial leguminous intercrops
were more competitive for soil water resources than fescue or weeds, but in the long term this may be compensated by the improved
nitrogen status of the trees. This compensating effect was observed during a rather rainy year. The overall impact of leguminous
intercrops on tree growth may depend on the frequency of dry (competitive) and wet (non-competitive) years.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
J. L. Alley H. E. Garrett R. L. McGraw J. P. Dwyer C. A. Blanche 《Agroforestry Systems》1998,44(2-3):281-291
Successful establishment and growth of tree seedlings in an agroforestry practice is dependent on the control of competing
herbaceous vegetation. Conventional weed control methods (i.e., chemical, mechanical, and physical suppression) are effective
but can be costly in terms of time, damage to non-target vegetation, or increased soil erosion. Alternatively, some living
mulches can exclude undesirable vegetation, protect the soil, compete minimally with associated trees, and supplement soil
nitrogen. In this study, small and large white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover (T. pratense L.), kura clover (T.
ambiguum Bieb.), strawberry clover (T. fragiferum L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), hairy vetch and ’AU Early‘
hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) were selected for evaluation as living mulches. These species were established in 9 m ×9
m replicated plots along with two controls [tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and bare soil kept vegetation free using
glyphosate]. The controls represent ’high competition‘ and ’no competition‘, respectively. Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra
L.), honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), and hybrid pitch × loblolly pine (Pinus rigida L. × P. taeda L.) seedlings were
planted in association with each living mulch. Tree seedling heights and diameters were measured during the first two years
and forage performance evaluated. All seedlings grew better in the absence of competition. Tall fescue greatly reduced the
growth of hardwood seedlings. Red clover and ladino clover showed the greatest promise as living mulches for use with the
hardwood and pine seedlings, respectively.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Conservation practices including agroforestry and grass buffers are believed to reduce nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) from
pastured watersheds. Agroforestry, a land management practice that intersperses agricultural crops with trees, has recently
received increased attention in the temperate zone due to its environmental and economic benefits. However, studies are limited
that have examined buffer effects on the quality of water from grazed pastures. Six treatment areas, two with agroforestry
buffers, two with grass buffers, and two control treatments were used to test the hypothesis that agroforestry and grass buffers
can be used to effectively reduce NPSP from pastured watersheds. Vegetation in grass buffer and pasture areas includes red
clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and lespedeza (Kummerowia stipulacea Maxim.) planted into fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Eastern cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides Bortr. ex Marsh.) were planted into fescue in agroforestry buffers. Soils at the site are mostly Menfro silt loam (fine-silty,
mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs). Treatments were instrumented with two-foot H flumes, water samplers, and flow
measuring devices in 2001. Composite water samples were analyzed for sediment and total nitrogen after each runoff event to
compare treatment differences. Treatments with agroforestry and grass buffers had significantly lower runoff volumes as compared
to the control. The loss of sediment and total nitrogen were smaller for the buffered treatments. The results of this study
suggest that establishment of agroforestry and grass buffers help reduce NPSP pollution from pastured watersheds. It is anticipated
as trees grow and roots occupy more soil volume, the reduction in N in runoff will increase on the agroforestry watershed. 相似文献
17.
F. Foroughbakhch L. A. Háuad A. E. Cespedes E. E. Ponce N. González 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,51(3):213-221
The coast of the Gulf of Mexico is characterized by dry regions with high variation in climatic conditions. This area is rich
in drought-tolerant or subhumid species. The species that are potentially useful for reforestation, regreening, agroforestry
activities and the production of timber, fodder, fuelwood and human food have been overexploited, resulting in the gradual
decrease and degradation of their populations. This study was undertaken in order to suggest ways of improving the regeneration
of these species. Fifteen native and exotic multipurpose tree species of low dry shrubland planted in monoculture in four
randomized blocks. Measurements of various growth parameters, volume of trees, fodder potential and agroforestry uses over
15 years were evaluated. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., E. microtheca F. Muell., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. (exotic species), Acacia farnesiana (L.) Wild and Parkinsonia aculeata L. (native species) tend to have better characteristics in terms of growing annual rate, economic value and management schemes,
while Prosopis glandulosa Torr. and Helietta parvifolia (Gray) Benth. (native species) did not establish well due to biotics problems which arose under plantation conditions. Acacia rigidula Benth., A. wrightii Benth. and two Pithecellobium spp. (native species) had intermediate yields of great interest since their multipurpose potential is the best of all 15
species. The forage potential of the exotic species (483–1684 kg DM//ha/year) were notably superior to native species (76–721
kg DM/ha/year). The firewood production volume varied between averages of 0.3–1.2 (native species) and 0.4–2.5 m3/ha/year (exotic species).
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Pasture production in a silvopastoral system in relation with microclimate variables in the atlantic coast of Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
F.J. Silva-Pando M.P. González-Hernández M.J. Rozados-Lorenzo 《Agroforestry Systems》2002,56(3):203-211
Grasses and legumes of high productivity and nutritional quality are a good alternative as pasture supplements in rangelands of low quality forage. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. cv. `Artabro') and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. `Huia') are known as shade tolerant and low flammability species that have been successfully used in agroforestry systems in Galicia, both diminishing fire hazard compared with natural shrublands. In this study, annual and seasonal production of a grass mixture of both species was quantified during 3 years in a pinewood under different tree canopy covers. Regardless of cover, pasture production increased in summer, and decreased from fall to spring. We obtained a significant correlation between annual pasture production and light transmission through the tree canopy (R2 = 0.96, P<0.05). Light transmittance through a maritime pine canopy (Pinus pinaster Ait.) was higher than through a Scots pine canopy (P. sylvestris L.), corresponding to 36–57% and 16–21% of full sunlight respectively. The highest herbage production was obtained in no tree stands and the lowest under a P. sylvestris canopy. Fluctuations inlight transmission, temperature and PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) under tree canopy were less apparent compared with no tree stands. Variation in seasonal production was more pronounced in stands without trees, and appeared more uniform when percentage of light intercepted by tree canopy increased.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
采用分层挖掘法,对株行距为3 m×8 m的核桃-决明子复合模式中的根生物量、总根长密度、吸收根的根长密度和根系直径等进行了调查。结果表明：核桃单作的总根长密度比核桃间作的高7%左右,且在各个土层中吸收根的根长密度都高于核桃间作,而二者的总根生物量和根系直径则差异较小。决明子单作的根系直径比间作决明子的大27.73%,但二者的根长密度和根生物量则差异不大。在核桃-决明子复合模式中,核桃总根生物量和吸收根长均占复合模式总根量的一半以上,其中,在水平方向上,决明子在树行南侧2.5、4.0 m位置根系分布最多,而树行南北1.5 m范围内则较少;核桃根系则主要分布在树行两侧1.5 m范围内。垂直方向上,核桃在30~80 cm土层中的根生物量和吸收根长分别占其总量的64.79%和61.17%,而59.54%的决明子根系分布在0~20 cm土壤中。 相似文献
20.
Intercropping alleys in agroforestry provides an income source until the tree crop produces harvestable yields. However, cultivation
of annual crops decreases soil organic matter and increases soil erosion potential, especially on sloping landscapes. Perennial
crops maintain a continuous soil cover, increase water infiltration, reduce soil erosion, and improve overall soil quality.
The objective of this on-farm study was to assess the effects of a perennial legume, kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), on soil quality in a recently established pecan (Carya illinoinensis Wangenh. C. Koch) orchard. The pecan-kura clover agroforestry practice was established on deep loess soils of the Missouri
River hills landscape. These silt loams are on 2–20% slopes and can be highly erosive. Kura clover, introduced as the alley
crop 5 years after pecan planting, was selected based on its perennial growth habit, nitrogen-fixing ability, winter hardiness,
high forage quality, and soil conservation properties. Kura clover was seeded in 2001 and harvested for hay annually beginning
2003. Soil quality indicators of total organic C, total N, water-stable aggregates, and selected soil enzymes were determined
on surface soil samples collected annually after kura clover establishment. Soil organic C and activities of soil enzymes
increased compared with cultivated and grass pasture control soils by the eighth year of establishment. Water-stable aggregation
improved by 50% and surface soil shear strength improved significantly (P < 0.05) in alleys compared with control sites. Results illustrate that kura clover as the alley-cropped component improved
soil fertility and biological activity through increased organic matter and improved soil structure, and yielded high quality
forage valuable for the cattle-feeding operation. Kura clover maintained or improved soil quality, reduced soil erosion potential,
and benefited pecan growth by providing a source of soil nitrogen and improving soil structure for adequate water infiltration
and aeration. 相似文献