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蒙古牛和延边牛的染色体研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
做了4头蒙古牛(♂)和12头延边牛(11♂,1(?))的染色体研究。做了两种牛的常规染色、C带和核仁组织者区银染色的核型和蒙古牛的G带核型分析。蒙古牛的Y染色体为亚中着丝点,而延边牛为中着丝点,存在形态上的差别,但他们的大小均位于24—25号常染色体之间。蒙古牛和延边牛的Ag—NORs均定位于2.3.4.11.28号常染色体末端,但发现延边牛的Ag—NORs也定位于21(或22)号染色体末端。根据两种牛的Y染色体和Ag—NORs多态性讨论了它们的起源问题。 相似文献
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用骨髓细胞染色体直接制片技术,以及G分带、C分带、银染带技术,对昆明种小鼠、BALB/C近交系小鼠、BALB/C近交系裸鼠的染色体组型、G分带带型、结构性异染色质的分布、18S+28S rDNA的定位和数目进行了比较分析。结果,三种鼠二倍体染色体数为40,均为端着丝点;裸鼠的第3号染色体有明显的浅染色区,15号染色体也有浅染色区;各种小鼠的G带带型基本一致,与已报道的小鼠标准G带带型基本相符;C带分析结果,昆明种小鼠所有常染色体管丝点区包括X染色体均有结构性异染色质的分布;呈大小不等的浓染,而体臂着色浅淡,仅Y染色体的着丝点及体臂呈均一深染,极易辨认,需BALB/C近交系小鼠的第1、7,18号染色体浓染点缩小。裸鼠第3号染色体浓染点很大,而第1、7、11号染色体浓染点缩小。银染分析显示昆明种小鼠Ag-NOR数目众数为7条,分布范围为3～8条。BALB/C近交系小鼠、裸鼠的Ag一NOR众数均为5条,分布范围为2～7条。 相似文献
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鲁西牛的染色体研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了40头鲁西牛(♂37,♀3,2n=60)染色体的 G 带,R 带,C 带及Ag-NOR,着重分析了 y 染色体的形态及带型。在常规 Giemsa 染色的分裂相上,y染色体和小的常染色体形态相近。经常规—C 带连续染色,准确识别出 y 染色体之后测量了18条 y 染色体,臂比为3.19,属亚端着丝点染色体。y 染色体的着丝点区和短臂与常染色体的着丝点区和短臂在 G 带、C 带的带型上差别很大,表明构成它们 DNA的硷基成份有差别。统计的152个细胞的 Ag-NOR 中,平均每细胞 Ag-NOR 数为5.81±1.38,变化范围2—9。按染色体长度排列,NOR 位于2、3、4、11、22(或21)和28号常染色体末端。第22(或21)号染色体上存在 NOR 在其它牛种上尚未有过报道。 相似文献
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采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法,以 G-,C-分带和银染技术,对我国4个地方黄牛品种延安地区蒙古牛(10 ♂;5♀)、关中秦川牛(12♂;4),商洛山阳的岭南牛(6♂;5♀)以及陕南西乡的西镇牛(9♂;12)共计63头黄牛的染色体核型,G 带和C 带以及 Ag—NoRs 数目和分布进行了详细的研究。结果发现,性染色体(x 和 y)和 相似文献
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采用外周血淋巴细胞培养-空气干燥法制备染色体标本,对金定鸭染色体核型和带型进行了研究。核型研究结果表明:金定鸭体细胞染色体数目2n=78,染色体基本臂数为NF=84(♂)或NF=83(♀),1号染色体为亚中央着丝粒染色体,2号染色体为中央着丝粒染色体,Z染色体具有明显短臂,属亚端着丝粒染色体,其余常染色体和W性染色体均为端着丝粒染色体;性染色体按大小顺序排列,Z为4号,W为7～8号。C-带研究发现:W染色体整条深染,极易识别。Ag-NORs研究结果表明:Ag-NORs常位于1号、2号、3号、6号染色体及Z染色体和一对小染色体上,Ag-NORs数目分布范围为1～6,平均每个细胞的Ag-NORs数雌鸭中为3.04雄鸭中为3.06。 相似文献
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用C带、G带、RBA带、核仁组织者区银染色和常规+RBA带连续染色技术研究了我国南方的9头温岭高峰公牛、2头母牛和1头温岭(♀)利本赞(♂)的杂种公牛的染色体。温岭牛2n=60,公牛xy,母牛xx,x为一大的亚中着丝点杂色体,Y为小的近端着丝点染色体。杂种公牛的Y为小的亚中着丝点染色体。温岭牛的Ag—NORs除定位于2、3、4、11、28号染色体上之外,在21号染色体上也有银染颗粒,但出现频率很低。21号和28号染色体末端Ag—NOR出现频率分别为每细胞0.11个和1.79个。温岭牛中存在2/27罗伯逊易位。 相似文献
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采用骨髓细胞染色体直接制片技术和银染带技术,对金黄地鼠染色体组型和Ag-NoR进行了分析。结果表明,我国饲养的金黄地鼠二倍体细胞染色体数为2n=44,5、10、14、20号染色体及X、Y染色体均为中部着丝点,16、17、19、21号染色体为端着丝点,6号染色体为近端着丝点,其余染色体为近中着丝点。银染分析显示金黄地鼠Ag-NoRs数目众数为3个,分布范围为1～5个,分别定位于12、13、18、20号染色体上。 相似文献
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四川黄牛的分类地位与染色体G带核型研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了进一步研究四川黄牛的遗传特性及分类地位,本文以瘤牛(印度辛地红牛,我国海南牛)和普通牛(西门塔尔牛、成都黑白花牛)为对照,采用GTG技术进行四川黄牛G带核型研究。结果表明,四川黄牛G带核型与瘤牛相似,与普通牛不同。主要表现在Y染色体的形态和结构顺序上,四川黄牛和瘤牛Y=AG带带型:近端区至少2条暗带,远端为较宽明带,末端为狭窄暗带。普通牛Y=SM,长臂至少2条暗带、短臂为较宽明带,末端狭窄暗带,短臂G带分布与前两种牛长臂远端一致,可能是臂间倒位的结果。G带研究支持前文认为四川黄牛分类应属Bos indicus的研究结果。 相似文献
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云南文山黄牛和迪庆黄牛的遗传多样性比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过细胞遗传学、mtDNARFLP（线粒体DNA、限制性片段长度多态性）和血液蛋白及同工酶3个方面的研究，分析了云南文山黄牛和迪庆黄牛的遗传多样性和遗传分化关系。结果：（1）细胞遗传学云南两个地方黄牛品种的Y染色体形态及其C一带具有显著多态性。文山黄牛和迪庆黄牛分别为一小的近端部和亚申部（或中部）着丝位Y染色体，并分别在Y染色体的臂端部和短臂的臂端部显示弱阳性C一带，说明文山黄牛的父系起源可能是瘤牛（Bosindicus），而迪庆黄牛是普遍牛（Bostaurus）。推测两种Y染色体可能是臂问倒位的结果。（2）mtD－NARFLP两个黄牛品种的111个个体的mtDNA经8种限制性内切酶酶切后，有个酶表现出多态，共检测到17种限制性态型。归结出的3种基因单倍型，分别是A－A－A－A－A－A－A型（瘤斗）、B－B－B－B－B—B－B型（普通型）和A－C－B－B－C－A－A型（耗半Bosgrunniens）。从基因单倍型在群体中的表现可看出，文山黄牛和迪庆黄牛都具有瘤牛和普通牛两种母系起源。但文山黄牛以瘤牛血统为主，迪庆黄牛以普通牛血统为主，而且还可能含有部价耗牛的血统。（3）血液蛋白及同工酶分析了两个黄牛品种的33种血液蛋白及同工酶共计37个遗传座位，其中ALB、TF、HB一β、CAR、NP、6PGD6个座位检测到多态性。 相似文献
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基因芯片技术在晋南牛种公牛选育中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了更好的保护开发利用晋南牛,确保晋南牛的遗传多样性,本研究应用基因芯片技术,对晋南牛进行群体遗传特性的检测及后备种公牛的遗传评估,为晋南牛的分子辅助选育与保种提供理论与技术支持。采集18月龄健康、体重相近（（350±20）kg）的荷斯坦牛、和顺肉牛、西门塔尔牛、延边牛及利木赞牛血样各10份,及晋南牛后备公牛血样25份,根据不同牛品种分为6组,其中前5组每组10个重复,晋南牛后备公牛25个重复。应用Illumina SNP 50K高密度牛SNP芯片进行基因型检测,分析比较晋南牛的群体遗传特征,运用亲缘矩阵计算晋南牛后备公牛的亲缘系数,同时用BLUP进行遗传评估。结果表明,晋南牛在遗传结构上与荷斯坦牛、和顺肉牛、西门塔尔牛及利木赞牛关系较远,与延边牛较近,为中国地方品种群体;对晋南牛后备公牛进行遗传评估,得出了牛的基因组胴体重方差育种值排名,JN23的胴体重倍数性状标准差最大,从基因组水平可选作肉用种公牛;应用亲缘分析对晋南牛后备公牛家系进行分类,避免群体间的近交。本研究对晋南牛后备公牛进行了遗传评估、近交家系分析、传统表型选择及遗传疾病检测,最终选留的种公牛为JN07、JN23、JN05、JN08、JN02、JN13、JN19、JN14,通过多种选育方法结合提高了公牛的选择准确性,为晋南牛的群体选育提高奠定了基础。 相似文献
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A cytogenetical study using metaphase chromosomes from cultured lymphocytes, was made of 2 Banteng (Bibos banteng) steers and 218 bulls representing 13 purebreeds (Bos taurus type, Bos indicus type and Sanga) and 7 cross-breeds. Studies were made of photographic karyotypes of Giemsa stained and C-banded chromosomes of bulls of each breed and of B-banded chromosomes from 3 breeds of Bos indicus and one cross-breed Australian Friesian Sahiwal) cattle. The relative lengths of chromosomes of Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls were compared and significant difference in relative lengths of the X chromosomes were noted between these two species. There was a differences in morphology of the Y chromosomes; Sanga, Banteng and Bos taurus type breeds had a small submetacentric Y chromosome, except for the Jersey which had a metacentric Y chromosome. All Bos indicus type bulls had an acrocentric Y chromosome but the Droughtmaster breed had two forms of the Y chromosome (submetacentric and acrocentric). The C-banding patterns of the autosomes and X chromosomes were similar for all breeds while those of the Y chromosomes of Bos indicus type cattle allowed their accurate identification. G-banding patterns of Bos indicus resembled those of Bos taurus and enabled pairing of homologous chromosomes. Centromeres of the autosomes were unstained but those of the sex chromosomes were darkly stained. 相似文献
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Y CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY OF CATTLE 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Metaphase chromosomes from cultured lymphocytes were prepared from 246 bulls including Bos indicus, Bos taurus. Bos (Bibos) banteng, Sanga and interspecific and intra-specific breed crosses. Morphology and karyotype position of the Y chromosome for each bull were noted. Karyotype position of the Y chromosome varied between bulls from 25th to 29th pair and the Y chromosomes of Bos indicus and breeds derived from Bos indicus bulls were acrocentric while those of Bos taurus, Sanga and breeds derived from these bulls were metacentric/submetacentric. Two forms of Y chromosome were noted in the Droughtmaster breed. C-banding patterns of the acrocentric Y chromosome were characteristic and enabled easy identification. 相似文献
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仙居鸡染色体G带和Ag-NORs的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
运用改进的鸡外周血淋巴细胞培养——空气干燥法，分析了仙居鸡染色体G带和Ag—NORs。G带研究结果表明：前10对大型染色体可分为30个区，144条带，同时对G带带型特征进行了具体描述，并绘制了G带模式图。Ag—NORs处理发现：仙居鸡的Ag—NORs常分布于1p、3p、4p、Zp、2q上，均数为3．26，众数为3。不同个体间以及同一个体的不同细胞间。Ag—NORs数目存在多态性；此外研究还发现Ag—NORs联合现象。 相似文献
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Seguin BE Zhang TQ Buoen LC Weber AF Ruth GR 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,216(1):65-67
OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of Holstein bulls with chromosomal anomalies, particularly the 1/21 centric fusion (CF), at a commercial artificial insemination (AI) company in the United States. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cytogenetic prevalence study. ANIMALS: All 606 Holstein bulls at a commercial AI company were cytogenetically screened to detect CF, chimerism, and other chromosomal abnormalities. PROCEDURE: Lymphocytes from heparinized blood samples were cultured by standard cytogenetic techniques, and chromosome spreads were prepared for microscopic examination. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected by examining 10 chromosome spreads per bull. Pedigree analysis was performed. RESULTS: None of the bulls had any type of CF. However, 6 bulls were identified as chimeras (i.e., contained lymphocytes with male [XY] and female [XX] chromosomes). One bull was sire or maternal grandsire to 85 of the bulls tested, and 739 of 1,212 (61%) sire and maternal-grandsire possibilities were accounted for by just 18 bulls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of these results supports previous indications that CF is extremely rare in Holstein bloodlines available commercially via AI in the United States. However, chimeric bulls are more common, and they reportedly have decreased reproductive performance. Therefore, identification of chimeric sires in the AI facility reported here and the possibility of de novo onset of CF at any time indicates that early cytogenetic screening should be encouraged for prospective bulls intended for use in AI programs. 相似文献
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Fresh semen and blood samples from 20 Karan Fries bulls (4–6 years of age), maintained at the Artificial Breeding Complex of the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, were collected for one year. All the bulls had 60 chromosomes, comprising 58 acrocentric autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, with X as the larger and Y as the smaller submetacentric. The mean lengths of Yp and Yq; the total length of the Y chromosome and the length ratio were 1.10±0.01 m, 1.83±0.02 m, 2.92±0.02 m and 62.46%±0.18%, respectively. Analysis of the length measurements of the the Y chromosomes in Karan Fries bulls showed that all the measurements, viz., the short arm of the Y chromosome, the long arm of the Y chromosome, the total length of the Y chromosome and the variation in length of Y chromosome, varied significantly among bulls. All the seminal parameters, the volume of semen, mass activity, initial motility, concentration, live sperm count and the total abnormal sperm count, were significantly affected by bulls, whereas season had a significant effect on all the seminal parameters except the total abnormal sperm count. No significant relationship between the ratio of the long arm to the total length of the Y chromosome and seminal attributes was observed. 相似文献
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A cytogenetical study was made of 9 descendants of a Charolais bull, heterozygous for a presumptive 1/29 translocation, three of the dams of some of these descendants, and three unrelated bulls which were mated to some of the descendants. Photographic karyotypes of Giemsa stained and C-banded chromosomes were prepared for each animal. The dams of the progeny showed no chromosomal abnormalities indicating that translocations were inherited from the sire. Three daughters of the Charolais bull and two of his grand daughters were heterozygous for the translocation, with a modal chromosomal number of 59, while the remaining three daughters and their progeny possessed normal karyotypes. No phenotypic abnormalities were observed in the animals examined. Measurements of the arms of the chromosomes suggested that the translocation chromosome (a large submetacentric) contained chromosomes 1 and 29. The submetacentric translocation chromosome had a single C-band, the two submetacentric X chromosomes showed no C-bands and each acrocentric autosome had a single C-band. All cattle heterozygous for the translocation showed normal fertility. 相似文献