共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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分别利用白车轴草、芹菜和薄荷在有机蓝莓果园进行生草栽培,研究不同生草对蓝莓果蝇成虫的驱避效果。结果表明：白车轴草、芹菜和薄荷对蓝莓果蝇均有较强驱避效果,其中薄荷驱避效果最好,在蓝莓盛果期和盛果末期驱避效果显著,平均驱避效果为79.73%;其次为芹菜,在蓝莓盛果期和盛果末期驱避效果较强,平均驱避效果为74.74%;白车轴草在蓝莓初结果期和盛果末期驱避效果较好,平均驱避效果为66.41%。 相似文献
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为了寻找柑橘木虱无公害防治新方法,采用行为生测法,测定了45种植物精油对柑橘木虱成虫的行为反应,并从中筛选出柠檬桉、欧芹、艾纳香、柠檬马鞭草、山鸡椒、芫荽、尤加利、花梨木、松共9种对柑橘木虱具有显著驱避作用的植物精油进行不同浓度的驱避效果比较。结果表明：当浓度为10-2、10-3、10-4时,柠檬桉、欧芹、艾纳香、柠檬马鞭草、山鸡椒、芫荽、尤加利、松精油对柑橘木虱均具有显著驱避作用,且随着精油浓度的提高驱避作用增强;而花梨木精油仅在浓度为10-2对柑橘木虱具有显著驱避效果,但在浓度为10-4时却表现显著的引诱作用。此外,植物精油间的驱避率比较结果表明芫荽与欧芹精油对柑橘木虱具有较好的驱避活性,有望用于开发柑橘木虱防治新方法。 相似文献
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为筛选一种对桔小实蝇具有较好引诱效果的昆虫信息素引诱剂产品,在福建对比了3种不同配方实蝇双性引诱剂对桔小实蝇的引诱效果,并在广东、广西和云南对比了6种实蝇引诱剂产品对桔小实蝇的引诱效果。田间结果显示,实蝇双性引诱剂SYSXYYJ02对桔小实蝇的引诱效果最佳;柑桔小实蝇引诱剂对桔小实蝇诱捕量最高;柑桔小实蝇引诱剂、果蝇颗粒剂和聪绿?果实蝇饵剂对桔小实蝇雌成虫基本无引诱效果;实蝇双性引诱剂对桔小实蝇具有雌雄双诱效果,且诱捕雌虫占比达58.84%以上。柑桔小实蝇引诱剂在桔小实蝇监测上极具推广价值,实蝇双性引诱剂对桔小实蝇引诱效果稳定,雌雄双诱,在防治上极具推广价值。 相似文献
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养殖场中滋生的大量蚊蝇可以在畜禽之间和人畜之间传播蚊媒病毒,不仅会对养殖场造成经济损失,而且还会严重威胁人类健康。本试验为了观察三种复方植物精油在实验室驱蚊的效果。我们根据国标GB/T 13917.9-2009规定的攻击力试验方法,通过使用小鼠模型来测定三种复方植物精油对白纹伊蚊的驱避时效。本试验结果显示在该试验中,以白纹伊蚊作为本次试验蚊虫,两种驱蚊花露水在2 h以内对昆明小鼠有效保护率在70%以上;复方植物精油(APEX)在2 h内对昆明小鼠的有效保护率达到40%;通过调整植物精油成分,复方植物精油(APEX-1)对昆明小鼠有效保护时间为2 h,而且在4 h内有效保护率均可达到80%以上;复方植物精油(APEX-2)型对昆明小鼠有效保护时间为2 h,而且在4 h内有效保护率均可达到90%以上。结果表明,复方植物精油(APEX)是一种有效的蚊蝇驱避剂,通过调整植物精油成分后,有效保护率达到80%以上,其高效绿色环保的优势在养殖场蚊蝇驱避方面有较大应用前景。 相似文献
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兽用昆虫驱避剂筛选方法的研究：引诱性对驱避剂活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以食物为引诱剂，观察不同饥饿状态的家蝇对已知驱避剂的反应。结果表明，随着家蝇饥饿时间的延长，食物对家蝇的引诱性增加，而驱避剂的活性相对降低。为了克服由于引诱性的差异给驱避剂的筛选带来的不利影响，提出了以百分驱避率Ｒ＝（Ｃ－Ｓ）／Ｃ×１００％来表示驱避剂的生物活性的大小。 相似文献
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草原毛虫(Gynaephora alpherakii)属鳞翅目(Lepicioptera)、毒蛾科(Lymantriidae)、草原毛虫属(Gynaephora)的昆虫,是青藏高原高寒草甸危害最严重的重大害虫。草原毛虫雌蛾具有原地释放性信息素引诱雄蛾交配的特点。基于此本研究通过乙醚、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和二氯甲烷四种有机溶剂粗取草原毛虫性信息素,并检测四种性信息素粗油在野外环境下对雄蛾的引诱效果。结果表明:四种有机溶剂的性信息素粗提物对雄蛾的引诱效果存在差异,表现为:乙醚粗油>乙酸乙酯粗油>二氯甲烷粗油>甲醇粗油。同时,引诱效果最佳的乙醚粗油对草原毛虫雄蛾引诱效果存在节律性,11:30和15:30出现两个高峰,显著高于其他时间的引诱数量(P<0.05)。由此可见,草原毛虫雌蛾乙醚性信息素粗油对草原毛虫雄蛾具有良好的引诱作用,有望成为草原毛虫生物防治的新方法。 相似文献
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本文报告了３０个化合物对猫跳蚤驱避性实验的筛选结果。其中１０个化合物的驱避效果在７０％以上，经统计学分析，这１０个化合物对猫跳蚤的驱避效果与标准驱避化合物Ｄｅｅｔ基本相同。实验还表明驱避有效化合物对饥饿状态下猫跳蚤的驱避性呈下降趋势。观察１２个化合物的驱避持效期实验结果，Ｆｅｎｃｈｏｌｉｃａｃｉｄ等３个化合物的驱避活性在２０天内保持不变。实验中所筛选的１０个有效化合物为进一步筛选和评价新兽用驱避剂提供了后备化合物，它们的毒性有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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植物源蒸馏油是一种新型植物油,本文探讨了植物源蒸馏油在害虫控制中的应用潜力。以矿物油乳剂为参照,以柑橘木虱为试虫,分析比较植物油蒸馏油的触杀和拒避作用。植物油和矿物油对柑橘木虱的卵、若虫和成虫均有一定的触杀作用,其中对若虫尤其低龄若虫的触杀作用最强,可达90%以上。两种油剂对雌虫产卵均有一定的拒避作用,拒避雌虫产卵维持约2 d。两种油剂对成虫寄主选择没有明显的拒避作用。总体上,植物源蒸馏油对柑橘木虱的触杀作用以及对成虫的拒避作用与矿物油相当。如果进一步改进该植物油的乳化效果,可替代矿物油乳剂应用于害虫防治中。 相似文献
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采用1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)在催化剂次亚磷酸钠(SHP)的作用下将β-环糊精(β-CD)接枝到真丝纤维上,然后浸渍加入具有驱蚊功效的薰衣草精油使其包合在β-CD空腔中,制备出具有驱蚊功效的真丝织物。设计单因素试验优化β-CD接枝真丝织物的工艺参数,当BTCA和β-CD的质量浓度分别为100 g/L,SHP的质量浓度为60 g/L,170℃下焙烘3 min或180℃下焙烘2 min,真丝织物的接枝增重率可达18.4%,红外光谱分析表明β-CD已成功接枝至真丝织物上,且可耐15次以上的水洗。接枝β-CD的真丝织物能够赋予薰衣草精油缓释的效果,且放置8 d后对按蚊仍可保持75%以上的驱避率。此方法制备的防蚊真丝织物效果持久可重复使用,且具有对人体无毒害、环保的特点。 相似文献
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Camurça-Vasconcelos AL Bevilaqua CM Morais SM Maciel MV Costa CT Macedo IT Oliveira LM Braga RR Silva RA Vieira LS 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(3-4):288-294
Because of the development of anthelmintic resistant populations, the search for new drugs is essential to maintain the productivity of small ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Croton zehntneri and Lippia sidoides essential oils and their major constituents, anethole and thymol. The effects of these oils and their constituents were determined by in vitro assays with the eggs and larvae of the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus. The two essential oils were evaluated on intestinal nematodes of mice at 800 mg kg(-1) dose. In the last experiment, the mice were treated with larger doses of L. sidoides, 1200 and 1600 mg kg(-1). The essential oils and their constituents prevented more than 98% of the H. contortus eggs from hatching at a concentration of 1.25 mg ml(-1) and inhibited more than 90% of H. contortus larval development at a concentration of 10 mg ml(-1). At a concentration of 800 mg kg(-1), the two essential oils were 46.3% and 11.64% effective against Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera. At 1200 and 1600 mg kg(-1), L. sidoides essential oil's efficacy on the mouse worm burden was 57.6% and 68.9%, respectively. The fact that L. sidoides essential oil was almost 70% effective against mouse intestinal nematodes indicates it should be evaluated against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats. 相似文献
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Sara Fernandes Soares Lígia Miranda Ferreira Borges Raquel de Sousa Braga Lorena Lopes Ferreira Carla Cristina Braz Louly Leonice Manrique Faustino Tresvenzol José Realino de Paula Pedro Henrique Ferri 《Veterinary parasitology》2010
Repellence responses of Amblyomma cajennense nymphs to callicarpenal, intermedeol, Hyptis suaveolens essential oil, extract of Melia azedarach, Cymbopogon nardus, Spiranthera odoratissima, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Ageratum conyzoides, Mentha pulegium, Ruta graveolens, and Memora nodosa were studied. Among these the extract of C. nardus stood out because of the long-lasting repellence, maintaining, in the highest concentration, 35 h of protection against 90% of the nymphs. The essential oil of H. suaveolens and the extracts of C. ambrosioides and A. conyzoides showed good repellence index (66%) when applied in high concentrations. However, greater protection could be obtained at higher concentrations but with a shorter repellence time. Callicarpenal, intermedeol, extract of M. Pulegium, and M. nodosa leaves showed moderate repellence in high concentrations. Extracts from M. azedarach, R. graveolens, S. odoratissima, and M. nodosa roots showed little or no repellent effect. These results show that some plant extracts may represent a promising alternative in the control of infestations by A. cajennense. 相似文献
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采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取北京柠檬叶片、枝干和果皮的精油,并进行GC-MS分析,共鉴定出38种成分,其中叶片23种,枝干21种,果皮29种。3份精油主要挥发油成分均为D-柠檬烯,相对含量分别为52.85%、53.03%和51.23%;共有成分14种,特异性成分分别有4种、3种和14种。通过对3种食源性细菌的抑菌活性的测定,3份柠檬精油均有一定程度的抑菌作用,其中,叶片精油对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果最佳,且抑菌圈直径最大;果皮精油对伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌效果最佳,抑菌圈最大。研究结果表明,柠檬不同部位精油活性成分含量差异较大,在对其开发利用时,可考虑各自优势,合理利用柠檬的叶片、枝干和果皮,为柠檬资源合理化和精细化的开发利用提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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Mathlouthi N Bouzaienne T Oueslati I Recoquillay F Hamdi M Urdaci M Bergaoui R 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(3):813-823
The present study was conducted to characterize the in vitro antimicrobial activities of 3 essential oils [oregano, rosemary, and a commercial blend of essential oils (BEO)] against pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria and to evaluate their effects on broiler chicken performances. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the gas chromatography interfaced with a mass spectroscopy. The disc diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were applied for the determination of antimicrobial activities of essential oils. In vivo study, a total of seven hundred fifty 1-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to 6 dietary treatment groups: basal diet (control; CON), CON + 44 mg of avilamycin/kg (A), CON + 100 mg of rosemary essential oil/kg (ROS), CON + 100 mg of oregano essential oil/kg (OR), CON + 50 mg of rosemary and 50 mg of oregano essential oils/kg (RO), and CON + 1,000 mg of BEO/kg (essential oil mixture, EOM). The essential oils isolated from rosemary and oregano were characterized by their greater content of 1,8-cineole (49.99%) and carvacrol (69.55%), respectively. The BEO was mainly represented by the aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde) and the monoterpene (1,8-cineole) chemical groups. The results of the disc diffusion method indicated that the rosemary essential oil had antibacterial activity (P ≤ 0.05) against only 3 pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli (8 mm), Salmonella indiana (11 mm), and Listeria innocua (9 mm). The essential oil of oregano had antimicrobial activities (P ≤ 0.05) on the same bacteria as rosemary but also on Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (12 mm). Oregano essential oil had greater (P ≤ 0.05) antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria than rosemary essential oil but they had no synergism between them. The BEO showed an increased antimicrobial activity (P ≤ 0.05) against all studied bacteria (pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria) except for Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The supplementation of the basal diet with avilamycin or essential oils improved (P ≤ 0.05) broiler chicken BW, BW gain, and G:F compared with the CON diet. There were no differences in growth performances among birds fed A, ROS, OR, RO, or EOM diets. In general, essential oils contained in rosemary, oregano, and BEO can substitute for growth promoter antibiotics. Although the 3 essential oils had different antimicrobial activities, they exhibited the same efficiency in broiler chickens. 相似文献
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The toxicity of myoporum tetrandrum (Boobialla) and myoporaceous furanoid essential oils for ruminants 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Boobialla (Myoporum tetrandrum)leaf contains from 0.25 to 0.5% wet weight of furanoid sesquiterpene essential oils of which the main component is dehydrongaione. The plant was toxic when dosed to calves at equivalent dose rates of oils of from 50 to 134 mg/kg, causing mainly extensive haemorrhagic centrillobular necrosis; and to sheep at equivalent dose rates of oil of from 55 to 66 mg/kg, causing either centrilobular or periportal liver lesions with or without acute pulmonary oedema. An essential oil mixture of similar composition derived from Myoporum deserti produced similar syndromes. In addition, treatment of calves with phenobarbitone or Melaleuca linariifolia essential oils prior to dosing with the Myoporum oils caused periportal hepatic necrosis rather than the centrilobular lesion which occurred usually in this species. The liver lesions found in the experimental calves and sheep respectively, were thus similar to those reported in suspected field cases of Boobialla poisoning in cattle and goats in Western Australia. The liver injury that may be expected in intoxication of livestock by myoporaceous plants containing this type of essential oils can thus be either periportal, midzonal or centrilobular necrosis, depending, probably, on the nutritional regime of the animal immediately prior to consumption of the toxic plant. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究植物精油与丁酸钠的体外协同抑菌效果。采用牛津杯法,测定肉桂醛、百里香酚和香兰素对于4种细菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、产气荚膜梭菌、乳酸菌)的抑菌效果。并将单方和复合植物精油分别与丁酸钠复配,测定其抑菌效果。结果表明:3种植物精油均对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、产气荚膜梭菌有明显抑制作用,但对乳酸菌无抑制作用,在相同浓度下,抑菌效果为肉桂醛香兰素百里香酚。肉桂醛与香兰素复合植物精油抑菌效果优于单方植物精油,当肉桂醛与香兰素的质量比为6∶1时抑菌效果最佳。丁酸钠没有显示出抑菌作用,但丁酸钠与植物精油复合可明显降低植物精油的使用量。综上所述,不同植物精油的复合具有协同作用,植物精油和丁酸钠之间也存在着协同作用。 相似文献
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Anthelmintic resistance is a worldwide concern in small ruminant industry and new plant-derived compounds are being studied for their potential use against gastrointestinal nematodes. Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martinii and Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oils were evaluated against developmental stages of trichostrongylids from sheep naturally infected (95% Haemonchus contortus and 5% Trichostrogylus spp.) through the egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), larval feeding inhibition assay (LFIA), and the larval exsheathment assay (LEA). The major constituent of the essential oils, quantified by gas chromatography for M. piperita oil was menthol (42.5%), while for C. martinii and C. schoenanthus the main component was geraniol (81.4% and 62.5%, respectively). In all in vitro tests C. schoenanthus essential oil had the best activity against ovine trichostrongylids followed by C. martini, while M. piperita presented the least activity. Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil had LC(50) value of 0.045 mg/ml in EHA, 0.063 mg/ml in LDA, 0.009 mg/ml in LFIA, and 24.66 mg/ml in LEA. The anthelmintic activity of essential oils followed the same pattern in all in vitro tests, suggesting C. schoenanthus essential oil could be an interesting candidate for nematode control, although in vivo studies are necessary to validate the anthelmintic properties of this oil. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2021,(3)
Background: Due to presence of drug-resistant Eimeria strains and raised public health safety concerns about drug residues in the meat, there is renewed interest in the search for natural alternatives to the coccidiosis control agents. This study was conducted to test the anticoccidial efficacy of oregano and Citrus spp.-based essential oils for broilers.Methods: A total of 280 7-day-old broiler chicks were fed a control diet or diets with salinomycin or essential oils for up to 35 d of age. On d 14, half of the control groups and the treated groups were orally challenged with a coccidiosis vaccine at 25 times higher than the recommended vaccine dose. Control diet-fed chickens that were gavaged with phosphate-buffered saline were considered non-challenged control group.Results: Eimeria challenge or dietary additives failed to affect growth performance during the 7 to 20 d growth period although essential oil-fed chickens exhibited the lowest body wight gain(P = 0.332) and the highest feed conversion ratio(P = 0.062). Oocysts in the litter were detected in the challenged control diet group and the challenged/essential oil-fed groups at 21 and 35 d, respectively. Superoxide dismutase activity in the serum was elevated(P = 0.059) in the salinomycin-fed chickens compared to the challenged controls. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein was decreased by 28.7% in the salinomycin-fed chickens but increased by 38.1% in the essential oil group compared with the challenged control group. Challenged control group exhibited a significantly higher cooking loss of the thigh meat, compared to the non-challenged control diet group, which was marginally mitigated by dietary supplementation with essential oils. Chickens fed essential oil-added diet had the highest branched-chain fatty acids contents in the cecum.Conclusions: In conclusion, this study shows that oregano and Citrus-based essential oil preparation did not affect growth performance in broiler chickens challenged with the coccidiosis vaccine nor did Eimeria-specific duodenal lesion. However, dietary essential oil preparation lowered oocysts present in litter materials and altered branchedchain fatty acids in cecal digesta. Beneficial findings of the essential oil preparation on volatile fatty acids and oocysts output may warrant further research into assessing its effectiveness and its efficacy in pathogenic fieldisolate Eimeria spp.-induced coccidiosis disease model. 相似文献