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1.
葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）和拟茎点霉菌（Phomopsis sp.）是引起江西省奉新县猕猴桃果实腐烂的两种主要病原菌。本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定了6种杀菌剂对其室内毒力,结果表明拿敌稳（75%肟菌酯?戊唑醇）、扑海因（50%异菌脲）、世高（10%苯醚甲环唑）、甲基托布津（70%甲基硫菌灵）、百泰（60%吡唑醚菌酯?代森联）5种杀菌剂对葡萄座腔菌和拟茎点霉菌均有较强的毒力,对葡萄座腔菌的EC50值依次为0.1439μg/mL、0.1502μg/mL、0.1795μg/mL、0.2640μg/mL和0.9466μg/mL;对拟茎点霉菌的EC50值依次为0.0893μg/mL、0.2228μg/mL、0.1320μg/mL、0.4034μg/mL和0.7922μg/mL;杀菌剂翠贝（50%醚菌酯）则对两种病菌的毒力很弱,对葡萄座腔菌和拟茎点霉菌的EC50值分别高达7890.7μg/mL 和12881.0μg/mL。 相似文献
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桃褐腐病是桃树上的一种重要病害。本文采用菌丝生长抑制法测定了8类15种杀菌剂对桃褐腐病菌（Monilinia fructicola）的毒力效果。结果表明毒力作用很强的杀菌剂是咪鲜胺,EC50值为0.0085 礸?mL-1;其次是己唑醇、烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、戊唑醇和多菌灵,EC50值分别为0.0207、0.0397、。0.0506、0.0627、0.0802和0.0840 礸?mL-1。在保护性杀菌剂中,福美双要优于代森锰锌。而新型杀菌剂嘧菌酯对褐腐病菌的抑菌作用弱,EC50值为51.5900 礸?mL-1。 相似文献
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桃流胶病是桃树上的一种常见病害。本文测定了9类16种杀菌剂对桃流胶病菌葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria）的毒力效果。结果表明毒力作用最强的杀菌剂是丙环唑,其次是多菌灵和咪鲜胺,对病菌B. dothidea LHKB-331的EC50值分别为0.0416 礸?mL-1、0.1131 礸?mL-1和0.1548 礸?mL-1;对病菌B. obtusa GA-422的EC50值分别为0.0187 礸?mL-1、0.0362 礸?mL-1和0.0717 礸?mL-1。在保护性杀菌剂中,代森锰锌要优于福美双。而三唑类中的三唑酮和新型杀菌剂嘧菌酯对2种病菌的抑菌作用都较差,对LHKB-331的EC50值分别为5.6247 礸?mL-1和6.7968 礸?mL-1,对GA-422的EC50值分别为11.3153 礸?mL-1和96.9203 礸?mL-1。 相似文献
4.
目前,柑橘砂皮病在国内发病面积逐渐增大,其引起的砂皮、褐色蒂腐和树干流胶大大降低了柑橘的产量和质量。为了更有效的防治柑橘砂皮病,提高柑橘果品质量和产量。本试验利用菌丝生长速率法,测定了34种杀菌剂对柑橘砂皮病菌Diaporthe citri 的毒力。结果表明,百可得效果最好,EC50为0.0112 ug/ml。EC50在1.0000 ug/ml以下的有氟硅唑、多菌灵、咪鲜胺锰盐、吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌﹒戊唑醇、唑醚﹒代森联、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、戊唑醇。甲基硫菌灵、丙环唑、克菌利果、腐霉利、腈菌唑、病菌清和抑霉唑的EC50在1.0000~10.0000ug/ml之间。EC50在10.0000~100.0000ug/ml的为喹啉铜、烯唑醇、异菌脲、丙森锌、二氯异氰尿酸钠、嘧菌酯、井冈霉素、代森锌和醚菌酯。田间防控杀菌剂以氟硅唑和多菌灵为主,果实贮藏以百可得为主。本研究为田间防控砂皮病提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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利用菌丝生长速率法,以柑橘青霉病菌、绿霉病菌及西瓜枯萎病菌等15种常见植物病原菌作为指示菌种,对中草药桂枝两种主要活性成分肉桂醛和肉桂酸进行了室内毒力测定。试验结果表明,对15种供试菌毒力测定中,肉桂醛对猕猴桃拟茎点霉菌的抑制效果最好,EC50为0.0179 mg/mL,对柑橘意大利青霉菌的抑制效果最差,EC50为0.9243 mg/mL;而肉桂酸对枣拟茎点霉菌和葡萄座腔菌的抑制作用最强,EC50均为0.0061 mg/mL,对柑橘指状青霉菌的抑制作用最差,EC50为0.9945 mg/mL。本实验结果将为桂枝活性成分在植物病害防治应用中提供一定的理论指导。 相似文献
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柑桔脚腐病是危害柑桔主干基部的病害。本文采用菌丝生长速率法对柑桔脚腐病菌寄生疫霉Phytophthora parasitica进行了21种杀菌剂的室内毒力测定。结果表明,各药剂对寄生疫霉菌丝的生长均有抑制作用,并且其抑制率与药剂浓度呈正相关。其中毒力作用最强的是烯酰吗啉,EC50为0.2598 μg/mL;其次是唑醚-代森联、春雷霉素、丙森锌和多抗霉素,EC50分别为1.0476μg/mL、3.1074μg/mL、3.2056μg/mL、4.9501μg/mL。甲基硫菌灵的抑制作用最弱,EC50高达1713.833μg/mL,不推荐继续用于柑桔脚腐病的防治。这些药剂的筛选为田间进一步防控柑桔脚腐病提供了理论依据。 相似文献
8.
为明确贵州修文县猕猴桃果实腐烂的致病菌种并做室内毒力测定筛选有效防治药剂,采集对该县的烂果进行病原分离与致病性测 定,得到一株致病能力较强的真菌,结合形态学及18 S rDNA序列测定,最终确定该致病菌种为盘多毛孢菌（Pestalotiopsis gracilissp. ）;采用通过菌丝生长速率法测定分别选用6种杀菌剂的抑制作用毒力用于防治药剂的室内筛选,结果表明42.4%唑醚•氟酰胺悬浮剂、复配 （80%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂与40%嘧菌酯悬浮剂按1:1混合）、40%氟硅唑乳油三种杀菌剂抑制效果最好较好,其EC50分别为0.068、0.2205、和2.1872 mg/L,均可作为选为该病菌病害的防治用药药剂。 相似文献
9.
由扁桃拟茎点霉菌（Phomopsis amydalina）引起的桃实腐病是为害桃树果实的一种重要真菌性病害。为了能筛选到对该病菌具有强毒力的杀菌剂,本文采用菌丝生长速率法,用8种供试药剂对桃实腐病菌进行了室内毒力测定。结果表明：400g/L氟硅唑（EC）的毒力最强,其EC50值为0.0770μg/mL;其次为125g/L氟环唑（SC）,10%苯醚甲环唑（WG）,300g/L苯甲?丙环唑（EC）和500g/L异菌脲（SC）,它们的EC50值分别为0.2343μg/mL、0.2946μg/mL、0.4184μg/mL和0.4773μg/mL;70%丙森锌（WP）的毒力最弱,其EC50值达到2.1958μg/mL。根据毒力测定结果,我们认为400g/L氟硅唑（EC）可以作为桃实腐病田间药效试验的首选药剂。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664