共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
1.
2.
植物抗病性及诱导抗性在匍匐翦股颖病害防治中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对目前匍匐翦股颖草坪病害防治的弊端,引入诱导植物抗病性的概念,从信号传导、基因表达水平、细胞防御结构和生理响应等层面阐述了诱导抗病性后植株体所发生的变化规律;系统揭示了基于SAR和ISR方式的植物抗病性诱导机理。着意综述了诱导植物抗病性理论和研究成果在匍匐翦股颖病害控制中的应用状况,旨在为匍匐翦股颖新型、环保的草坪病害管理实践提供理论指导。 相似文献
3.
由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的褐斑病是匍匐翦股颖草坪最常见的病害之一,2,3-BD(2,3-butanediol)可诱导植物产生抗病反应,提高植物的抗病性。本试验采用250 μmol/L 2,3-BD诱导匍匐翦股颖对褐斑病的抗性,以石蜡切片方法通过显微观察,测定接种立枯丝核菌后匍匐翦股颖叶片细胞显微结构的变化。结果表明,接种病原菌后匍匐翦股颖病情指数第15天达到70.45%,2,3-BD诱导后病情指数显著降低至21.63%。与未诱导接菌处理相比,诱导后匍匐翦股颖叶片细胞结构排列紧密,气腔变小,有较多乳突形成,上、下表皮细胞显著增大,第7天差异最显著,分别是其1.19和1.26倍;叶肉细胞大小于第15天差异最为显著,是其1.30倍;叶绿体数量明显增加,第1、7、15天分别是未诱导接菌处理的1.25、1.20、1.24倍;维管束和导管大小在各时间段均变化不明显,但木质化程度较高,皮层组织加厚。综上所述,250 μmol/L 的2,3-BD能诱导匍匐翦股颖对褐斑病的抗性,并使细胞结构发生变化,其中叶片上、下表皮细胞、叶肉细胞大小和叶绿体数目与抗病性呈正相关性。 相似文献
4.
华东地区匍匐翦股颖褐斑病杀菌剂的田间防治效果 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用常规喷雾法,选择室内药剂筛选中抑菌效果较好的7种杀菌剂,对匍匐翦股颖Agrostis stolonif-era果岭草坪褐斑病进行了发病前的预防和发病盛期的治疗2个阶段的田间试验。结果表明:百菌清与克露对匍匐翦股颖褐斑病发病的预防效果最好,田间预防效果可分别高达99.3%和98.5%,腈菌唑、退菌特、金雷多米尔、杀毒矾的预防效果其次,丙环唑的预防效果最差(73.0%);在草坪发病盛期,丙环唑的防治效果最好,3次防治效果均稳定在86%以上,8月21日的防治效果甚至高达95.9%;百菌清的3次防治效果也都稳定在80%以上,显著高于克露、腈菌唑、杀毒矾、金雷多米尔、退菌特等药剂。上述结果表示预防匍匐翦股颖褐斑病的药剂应选择百菌清或克露,但对已发生褐斑病的翦股颖则宜选择丙环唑或百菌清进行治疗。 相似文献
5.
以丁二醇作为诱导剂,水杨酸和朴海因作对比,进行了匍匐翦股颖抗病性的诱导,比较分析了丁二醇喷施前后匍匐翦股颖体内过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的变化情况。试验结果表明,50～150μmol/L丁二醇均对匍匐翦股颖有一定的诱导作用,其中,100μmol/L丁二醇处理效果最好,病情指数由对照的93.33降至31.33。100μmol/L丁二醇处理后,匍匐翦股颖植株体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性明显增强,在处理后的第7d,POD,PAL和PPO分别是对照的1.8,1.9和4.3倍。 相似文献
6.
以匍匐翦股颖品种“Penn-A4”为材料,研究以不同浓度的油菜素内酯(EBR)、水杨酸(SA)和乙烯(ET)组合的外源复合激素和3个连续诱导时间(5、7、10 d)为变量,通过测定病情指数、防治效果、抗氧化酶活性及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环变化,分析外源复合激素及连续诱导时间对匍匐翦股颖抗褐斑病的诱导效应。结果表明,不同激素组合和不同连续诱导时间处理均可提高匍匐翦股颖的抗病性,其中ET+EBR组合连续诱导处理7 d的病情指数最低,为13.36,显著低于其他处理,此时防治效果为40.51%;另外,此组合诱导处理后,匍匐翦股颖幼苗叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)分别比对照(CK)提高了130.53%、197.40%和101.66%;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性分别比对照(CK)提高了316.26%、41.95%和80.34%;脱氧抗坏血酸(AsA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及脱氧抗坏血酸/氧化型抗坏血酸(AsA/DHA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽/还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)也均高于对照(CK)和其他处理。表明EBR、SA和ET三种物质组成的复合外源物可以诱导匍匐翦股颖抗褐斑病,其中ET+EBR组合连续诱导处理7 d的效果最好。该研究结果为新型复合诱导抗病剂的应用推广提供了技术支持。 相似文献
7.
盐胁迫下匍匐翦股颖抗氧化酶活性及基因表达机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究匍匐翦股颖在盐胁迫下抗氧化酶活性与基因表达的影响机制,模拟盐胁迫条件,用0 mol/L(CK),0.2 mol/L的NaCl溶液对两种不同耐盐性的匍匐翦股颖Penncross和SeasideⅡ进行处理,测定了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT),抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性;用同源克隆的方法克隆了匍匐翦股颖CytSOD,FeSOD,CAT,APX,POD的部分片段,并设计了5个基因的qRT-PC引物,对5个抗氧化酶基因表达量进行了荧光实时定量测定,分析了两种不同耐盐性的匍匐翦股颖在盐胁迫条件下,抗氧化酶活性与基因表达的变化规律。结果表明,盐胁迫对两种不同耐盐性的匍匐翦股颖抗氧化酶活性和基因表达的影响不同,在盐胁迫初期,盐敏感的Penncross SOD活性比耐盐的SeasideⅡ高,盐处理中、后期Penncross SOD活性快速下降,SeasideⅡSOD活性下降慢而且能保持相对稳定,在这一阶段SeasideⅡSOD活性显著高于Penncross;CAT,APX和POD活性随着盐处理的延长,酶活性增加,Penncross CAT和APX活性低于SeasideⅡ,POD活性两者差异不大。盐胁迫下,Penncross CytCu/ZnSOD,CAT、APX 和POD表达量上调,而FeSOD下调;SeasideⅡ5种抗氧化酶基因表达量上调,CytCu/ZnSOD,FeSOD,CAT和APX的表达量显著高于Penncross,而POD表达量差异不大。两种匍匐翦股颖CytCu/ZnSOD、CAT、APX和POD表达量变化与酶的活性变化较一致,而盐敏感的FeSOD的表达量变化与SOD活性变化不一致。 相似文献
8.
9.
以匍匐翦股颖品种"Penn-A4"为材料,研究以不同浓度的油菜素内酯(EBR)、水杨酸(SA)和乙烯(ET)组合的外源复合激素和3个连续诱导时间(5、7、10d)为变量,通过测定病情指数、防治效果、抗氧化酶活性及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环变化,分析外源复合激素及连续诱导时间对匍匐翦股颖抗褐斑病的诱导效应。结果表明,不同激素组合和不同连续诱导时间处理均可提高匍匐翦股颖的抗病性,其中ET+EBR组合连续诱导处理7d的病情指数最低,为13.36,显著低于其他处理,此时防治效果为40.51%;另外,此组合诱导处理后,匍匐翦股颖幼苗叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)分别比对照(CK)提高了130.53%、197.40%和101.66%;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性分别比对照(CK)提高了316.26%、41.95%和80.34%;脱氧抗坏血酸(AsA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及脱氧抗坏血酸/氧化型抗坏血酸(AsA/DHA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽/还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)也均高于对照(CK)和其他处理。表明EBR、SA和ET三种物质组成的复合外源物可以诱导匍匐翦股颖抗褐斑病,其中ET+EBR组合连续诱导处理7d的效果最好。该研究结果为新型复合诱导抗病剂的应用推广提供了技术支持。 相似文献
10.
用250 μmol/L的2,3-丁二醇(2,3-BD)与100 μmol/L的2R,3R-丁二醇(2R,3R-BD)注射至匍匐翦股颖根部后接种立枯丝核菌,诱导匍匐翦股颖对褐斑病的抗性。测定两诱导剂处理对立枯丝核菌发病率的影响,分析诱导后匍匐翦股颖叶片抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环中关键酶活性及氧化还原水平变化情况,确定2,3-BD与2R,3R-BD在诱导匍匐翦股颖抗病性过程中,抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的变化及其与抗病性的相关性。结果表明,2,3-BD与2R,3R-BD处理匍匐翦股颖后明显降低接菌后的病叶率,同时叶片抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性增幅低于对照,谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性提高,还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)含量呈前期减少后期增加趋势,脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)含量在第1,9天出现两次高峰,与对照相比显著提高,且两处理的AsA/DHA在第5天达到最大值,分别为对照的5.0,3.4倍,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著提高,并且两处理的GSH与氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)比值在第9天达到最大值,分别为对照的2.34,1.66倍。2,3-BD与2R,3R-BD诱导匍匐翦股颖抗褐斑病的过程中,抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环维持较高效率参与植物抗病反应。 相似文献
11.
ROBERT L. TOAL DVM MS MICHAEL A. WALKER DVM GEORGE A. HENRY DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1986,27(4):102-108
Fifty-five bitches were examined once, at different intervals for pregnancy. Manual Papation, B-mode real-time ultrasoungraphy, and radiography were used to confirm pregnancy and to count the number of fetuses present. Predicted numbers were compared to whelping data obtained from owners. Radiography was confined to the last trimester of pregnancy and had an overall accuracy of 100% in pregnancy detection and 93% in correct litter size determination. A proor qualtiy radiograph contributed to the one incorrect count estimate. Ultrasound and palpation were used in all three trimester phases starting 3 weeks post coitus. For pregnancy detection ultrasound was 94% accurate (no false positives) and palpation was 88% accurate (one false positive). For fetal counting, ultrasound was 36% accurate and palpation was 12% accurate. Recommendations for the use of ultrasound and radiography in pregnancy evaluation are reviewed. 相似文献
12.
13.
【目的】通过研究饲粮苏氨酸水平对22~42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质和免疫功能的影响,确定其苏氨酸需要量。【方法】试验选用22日龄快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡1 600只,根据体重相同的原则分为5个组,每组8个重复,每个重复40只肉鸡（公母各半）。采用玉米-花生粕型基础饲粮,5个处理组试验鸡分别饲喂含0.60%（基础饲粮）、0.67%、0.74%、0.81%和0.88%苏氨酸饲粮,试验期为21 d。试验结束后,每个重复选取2只鸡屠宰采样,测定屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标。【结果】饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉公鸡、母鸡的体重、平均日增重和料重比（P<0.05）。对于母鸡,0.88%苏氨酸水平组平均日增重最高;0.81%苏氨酸水平组平均日采食量最高。对于公鸡,0.81%苏氨酸水平组平均日增重最高;0.81%苏氨酸水平组平均日采食量最高。饲粮苏氨酸水平与黄羽肉公鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量以及公、母鸡料重比呈显著的二次线性相关（P<0.05）;根据平均日增重和平均日采食量回归方程得出黄羽肉公鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平分别为0.81%和0.83%;根据料重比回归方程得出黄羽肉母鸡和公鸡饲粮苏氨酸最适水平分别为0.83%和0.86%。饲粮苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉公鸡、母鸡的全净膛率、半净膛率、腿肌率、胸肌率均无显著影响（P>0.05）;对黄羽肉公鸡全净膛率和腹脂率均有显著影响,其中0.81%苏氨酸组全净膛率显著高于0.60%和0.74%苏氨酸组,0.88%苏氨酸组腹脂率显著低于0.60%和0.67%苏氨酸组（P<0.05）。饲粮苏氨酸水平显著影响黄羽肉母鸡法氏囊指数和胸腺指数,其中0.60%苏氨酸组法氏囊指数显著低于0.81%苏氨酸组,0.81%和0.88%苏氨酸组胸腺指数显著高于0.60%苏氨酸组（P<0.05）;对肝脏指数、脾脏指数无显著影响（P>0.05）。饲粮苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉母鸡血清中甘油三酯、胰岛素含量有显著影响,其中0.60%苏氨酸水平组血清中胰岛素含量最低,0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中甘油三酯含量最低,显著低于0.60%苏氨酸组（P<0.05）;苏氨酸水平对黄羽肉公鸡甘油三酯含量有显著影响,其中0.88%苏氨酸水平组血清中甘油三酯含量最低,显著低于0.60%和0.67%苏氨酸组（P<0.05）。【结论】饲粮中添加适量苏氨酸可以提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质,促进免疫器官发育。以生长性能为主要判定指标,确定22~42日龄黄羽肉母鸡饲粮最适苏氨酸水平为0.83%,黄羽肉公鸡最适苏氨酸水平为0.81%。 相似文献
14.
A W vd Giessen R Peters P A Berkers W H Jansen S H Notermans 《The Veterinary quarterly》1991,13(1):41-46
The contamination of poultry in the Netherlands with Salmonella enteritidis was tested. For this, different methods (detection of S. enteritidis in faecal samples of 25 g; detection of S. enteritidis in cloacal swabs; detection of S. enteritidis by serological testing of antibodies in serum) were compared for their efficiency to detect S. enteritidis in flocks of poultry. Testing of faecal samples clearly yielded the best results. This method was used in a transmission study, in which 14 flocks descending from a contaminated primary mother flock were screened for the presence of S. enteritidis. The method was also used for screening 49 flocks of laying hens and 52 flocks of broiler chickens throughout the Netherlands. From the transmission study it became clear that S. enteritidis, phage type 2 (Dutch phage set) was isolated both from the mother flock and from five of the descendent flocks. Screening of poultry flocks for the presence of salmonella revealed that salmonella was present in 47% of the layer flocks and in 94% of the broiler flocks. S. enteritidis was isolated from 15% of the flocks screened. 相似文献
15.
Della Santa D Gaschen L Doherr MG Citi S Marchetti V Lang J 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(4):478-485
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pulsed-wave Doppler spectral parameters as a method for distinguishing between neoplastic and inflammatory peripheral lymphadenopathy in dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: 40 superficial lymph nodes from 33 dogs with peripheral lymphadenopathy. PROCEDURES: 3 Doppler spectral tracings were recorded from each node. Spectral Doppler analysis including assessment of the resistive index, peak systolic velocity-to-end diastolic velocity (S:D) ratio, diastolic notch velocity-to-peak systolic velocity (N:S) ratio, and end diastolic velocity-to-diastolic notch velocity ratio was performed for each tracing. Several calculation methods were used to determine the Doppler indices for each lymph node. After the ultrasonographic examination, fine needle aspirates or excisional biopsy specimens of the examined lymph nodes were obtained, and lymphadenopathy was classified as either inflammatory or neoplastic (lymphomatous or metastatic) via cytologic or histologic examination. Results of Doppler analysis were compared with cytologic or histopathologic findings. RESULTS: The Doppler index with the highest diagnostic accuracy was the S:D ratio calculated from the first recorded tracing; a cutoff value of 3.22 yielded sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 100%, and negative predictive value of 89% for detection of neoplasia. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 95%. At a sensitivity of 100%, the most accurate index was the N:S ratio calculated from the first recorded tracing; a cutoff value of 0.45 yielded specificity of 67%, positive predictive value of 81%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 86.5%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that noninvasive Doppler spectral analysis may be useful in the diagnosis of neoplastic versus inflammatory peripheral lymphadenopathy in dogs. 相似文献
16.
为探究施肥与修剪对草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）草坪褐斑病病情的影响,在草地早熟禾草坪上设置不同的修剪高度（2.7,4.5 cm）和施肥量（年施氮量8,15,25 g·m-2）,观测不同处理小区草坪褐斑病的发病情况。在大田中进行了2年重复性试验,结果表明：随着施肥量的增加,低修剪处理草坪的发病率上升,高修剪处理草坪的发病率则呈现先上升后下降的趋势,修剪高度和施肥量之间互作明显。发病前低量施肥是较好的施肥方案;高修剪草坪比低修剪草坪具有更强的恢复性。 相似文献
17.
本试验旨在研究日粮精粗比对育肥藏羊瘤胃组织形态及微生物菌群的影响。选择210只早期断奶藏羔羊,随机分成7组,每组30只,分别对其饲喂精粗比为20∶80(A)、30∶70(B)、40∶60(C)、50∶50(D)、60∶40(E)、70∶30(F)和80∶20(G)的基础日粮,预饲期10 d,试验期90 d。试验结束后,每组随机选择3只试验羊屠宰,采集瘤胃组织及瘤胃液样品。试验采用冷冻切片观察瘤胃组织发育情况,测定瘤胃肌肉层、角化层厚度,乳头长度、宽度和密度;采用16S rDNA基因测序测定瘤胃微生物,分析瘤胃细菌丰度和多样性指数。结果表明:1)日粮精粗比可对瘤胃组织形态造成显著影响(P<0.05)。当精粗比例为50∶50时,藏羊瘤胃角化层厚度、瘤胃乳头密度和高度显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);精粗比例为30∶70时,瘤胃肌层厚度显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。2)本试验7组共产生299个OTUs(operational taxonomic units),其中共有OTUs 259个,占比86.7%,独有OTUs 40个,其中F和G组分别含独有OTUs 14和8个;试验F组香浓指数、Ace指数和Chao1指数均显著高于其余各组,而辛普森指数显著低于其余各组(P<0.05);各组间细菌多样性差异显著(P<0.05)。3)门水平下,随着精粗比例上升厚壁菌门相对丰度有降低趋势,且A组显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);科水平下,毛螺菌科相对丰度与精粗比例呈负相关,E组普雷沃氏菌科相对丰度较高(P<0.05)。综合瘤胃组织表型和细菌菌群多样性可知:随着日粮中精料水平的提高,瘤胃组织形态发生改变,且在一定程度上抑制瘤胃乳头及角化层的发育;但日粮中精料比例的增加(70∶30)可丰富瘤胃中细菌多样性。 相似文献
18.
草地早熟禾不同品种对褐斑病抗性的差异 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在田间条件下,1998-2001年研究22个草地早熟禾品种褐斑病抗性的差异。结果表明,年度间病害发生程度差异显著,其中2001年发病较轻,1999年发病较重,1998和2000年发病程度相近。品种间抗病性存在一定差异,年度间表现不一致,但具有相对稳定性。相对抗病的品种有America、Baronie、Impact、Odyssey和 Midnight;相对不抗病的有VB56 49、Baron、Alene、Abbey、Nottingham和SR2100。 相似文献
19.
Geoffrey T. Fosgate Jason B. Osterstock Lisa A. Benjamin Georgina L. Dobek Allen J. Roussel 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,91(2-4):226-233
One thousand three hundred and twenty-four adult beef cattle were tested for paratuberculosis using 2 antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), an interferon-gamma (INF-γ) ELISA, and radiometric bacterial culture of feces from 5 populations. Two populations of cattle (n = 226) had data available to calculate a ratio of humoral to cell-mediated immunity based on results from one antibody test and the INF-γ ELISA. Latent class analysis was used to estimate accuracy of the 4 paratuberculosis assays within a Bayesian framework. Determination of test accuracy and paratuberculosis prevalence in the latent class analysis allowed for estimation of predictive value positive (PVP) functions. The estimated PVP functions were used to iteratively assign paratuberculosis status to sampled cattle. Accuracy of the immunity ratio, an antibody ELISA, and the INF-γ ELISA were determined for multiple cutoffs based on probabilistically assigned paratuberculosis status. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves (95% probability interval) were estimated as 0.78 (0.66, 0.89), 0.81 (0.68, 0.92), and 0.59 (0.47, 0.71) for the immunity ratio, antibody ELISA, and INF-γ ELISA, respectively. The Youden index (sensitivity + specificity − 1) peaked at immunity ratios of 0.5 (J = 0.48) and 1.0 (J = 0.46). Sensitivity and specificity (95% probability interval) at an immunity ratio cutoff of 0.5 were 0.65 (0.44, 0.85) and 0.83 (0.78, 0.88), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity (95% probability interval) at the 1.0 cutoff were 0.55 (0.33, 0.77) and 0.91 (0.87, 0.95), respectively. An immunity ratio could be used to diagnosis paratuberculosis in beef cattle but requires further investigation. 相似文献
20.
The accuracy of porcine pregnancy diagnosis by a newly developed ultrasonic A-scan tester (developed by Medimatic A/S) is reported. A test to control the accuracy of the equipment showed that 63 observations were correctly designated as pregnant 30-50 days after the last breeding and 31 observations were correctly designated nonpregnant. 2 sows, rated false pregnant, revealed a uterine accumulation of abnormal secretion equivalent to the fetal fluid volume of 2-4 6-week-old embryos. A total of 96 observations included 70 2nd-litter sows. The accuracy of diagnosis was confirmed by slaughter of 61 animals on the day after examination for pregnancy and by farrowing results in 9 animals. 相似文献