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1.
鄂尔多斯—榆林地区景观生态风险评价及其驱动因子分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]对鄂尔多斯—榆林地区(简称“鄂榆地区”)景观生态风险评价及驱动因子进行分析,为该区生态环境治理、修复以及生态安全格局的构建提供科学依据。[方法]以2000,2010和2020年的鄂榆地区土地利用数据为基础,运用ArcGIS 10.2和Fragstats 4.2等软件,基于景观干扰度和景观脆弱度构建景观生态风险评价模型,从时间和空间上对鄂榆地区景观生态风险进行动态分析,并利用地理探测器方法探测其变化的驱动因素。[结果](1)草地、耕地和未利用地为鄂榆地区主要的土地利用类型,其中在2010—2020年土地利用变化强度和速度最为活跃,草地为主要的转入、转出类型;(2)在2000—2010年,中生态风险、较高生态风险和高生态风险地区面积呈现扩张趋势,低生态风险、较低生态风险呈现收缩趋势。在2010—2020年,中生态风险、较高生态风险和高生态风险低面积呈现收缩趋势,而低生态风险和较低生态风险地区呈现扩张趋势;(3)2000,2010和2020年的全局自相关分析Moran’s I指数均大于0.8,在空间分布上呈显著正相关,绝大多数生态风险单元呈现高—高和低—低分布,少数的生态风险单元在高... 相似文献
2.
[目的] 对河北省荒漠化进行遥感监测及驱动因子分析,为该区荒漠化防治提供可靠的理论依据和数据支持。[方法] 基于2000—2017年MODIS13A3的NDVI数据和气象数据,以荒漠化指数为评价指标,采用趋势分析、未来趋势变化分析、气候因子驱动分析的方法,分析了河北省荒漠化的时空演变及其驱动因素。[结果] ①2000—2017年河北省荒漠化呈减少趋势,减少速率为0.009/18 a,其中极显著减少（p<0.01）比重为11.13%,显著减少（p<0.05）比重为8.86%;②河北省未来荒漠化呈持续性和反持续性的比重分别为41.29%和58.71%,其中弱持续性与弱反持续性所占比例分别为37.43%,51.35%;在现有基础上,未来趋势变化以基本不变为主,持续性特征与反持续性特征所占比例分别为14.89%,19.6%;③研究区荒漠化指数与生长季气温、降水的偏相关系数较小,相关性不显著。[结论] 河北省2000—2017年荒漠化整体呈改善趋势,但具有明显的空间异质性,荒漠化区域主要集中在坝上高原地区,Hurst指数表明未来荒漠化在局部地区可能呈逆转态势;就气候因子而言,气温的升高和降雨的减少对研究区内荒漠化起到推进作用。 相似文献
3.
[目的] 统计分析黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的生态足迹与各类型土地利用状况,为该区的高质量发展提供对策建议。[方法] 以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区19县市区为研究对象,采用生态足迹模型和因子探测器对黄河三角洲高效生态经济区2005—2019年生态足迹时空演变和影响因素进行定量分析。[结果] ①研究区生态足迹自2010—2019年呈现较快上升态势,生态承载力缓慢提升,赤字有所扩大。②黄河三角洲高效生态经济区生态足迹空间分布差异明显。区域发展阶段可分为平稳期、上升期和转型期,其中中部和西北部生态足迹明显高于东部和西南部。③各影响力存在明显差异,其中耕地生产和工业化发展对黄河三角洲区域生态足迹影响最强,其余因素影响程度依次为：人口密度 > 道路密度 > 城镇化率 > 水产养殖。[结论] ①黄河三角洲高效生态经济区人均生态足迹整体变化趋势稳定,耕地与化石能源用地足迹占区域生态足迹较大比重;②区域生态足迹呈现由东部向中西部递增趋势,且高值区多集中于内陆地区和黄河沿线城市;③农业生产和工业生产为黄河三角洲高效生态经济区核心发展要素,水域开发利用对区域生态环境保护具有促进作用,应从耕地保护、产业链升级、数字赋能、生态修复方面寻找对策。 相似文献
4.
[目的]青藏高原由于其高海拔、气温低、冻融侵蚀强烈的特点,是冻融荒漠化的主要发生区。探究青藏高原冻融退化区分布及其原因,对该区水土保持工作和生态环境保护具有重要参考意义。[方法]选择植被覆盖度、冻融循环次数、土壤温度日较差、土壤含水量、年降水量和坡度作为冻融侵蚀因子,对2000—2019年青藏高原冻融侵蚀敏感性进行了评价,结合研究期内青藏高原荒漠化趋势,构建了一种判定冻融荒漠化退化区域的方法。[结果]2000—2019年青藏高原冻融侵蚀区总面积为1.531×106 km2,中度及以上敏感性区域面积为9.131×105 km2,占青藏高原总面积的35.92%。青藏高原冻融荒漠化退化区域面积约为1.113×105 km2,主要分布于高原西南部,退化程度以中度退化为主,面积占比为44.35%。[结论]气温上升、湿润指数下降和净太阳辐射增强是青藏高原冻融荒漠化发生的主要自然驱动因素,高原南部部分地区由于气候条件的差异,三者发挥了相反的作用。 相似文献
5.
[目的]探讨土地利用方式对生态风险的影响,为黄土丘陵区生态保护与土地利用决策提供一定依据。[方法]通过构建土地利用方式决策分析模型及土地利用生态风险指数,分析了上黄试区不同时期土地利用方式决策模式及其生态风险演变特征。[结果]研究初期,上黄试区土地利用方式模式表现为耗损型,生态风险呈现较高风险态势。1982—2000年,上黄试区通过开展基本农田建设、加强农业生产管理、发展庭园经济等措施,提高了土地的生产能力,土地利用方式由耗损型逐步转变到半集约型,生态风险也由较高风险过渡到中风险态势。2000—2010年,在国家退耕还林还草政策的推动下,土地利用方式由半集约型转变为集约型,生态风险也由中风险转变为较低风险。[结论]科技因素是推动土地利用方式决策与生态风险转变的关键,而政策因素是必要的补充。 相似文献
6.
卢旺达共和国土地利用变化特征及其驱动因子 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]探究卢旺达共和国(以下简称“卢旺达”)1992—2019年土地利用状况,为该国土地利用规划和土地资源可持续利用提供参考。[方法]本研究利用1992—2019年欧洲航天局全球陆地覆盖数据(ESA GlobCover),基于GIS空间统计分析及地理探测器等方法分析了卢旺达土地利用时空变化特征及其关键驱动力。[结果](1)卢旺达1992—2019年土地利用类型以农地和林地为主。城镇用地面积增加4.5倍,灌木林地和水域面积分别增加0.28%和2.65%。农地、林地、草地和湿地面积分别减少0.38%,1.46%,44.24%和0.27%。1992—2000年综合土地利用动态度最大,为0.19%。各地类空间分布表现出集聚性。(2)各驱动因子对各地类的驱动作用差异较大。各驱动因子独立作用q值解释力小于两因子间的交互作用。[结论]短期内,社会经济指标对卢旺达土地利用类型变化起决定性作用。因此,未来应当考虑土地使用的长期利益,最大限度地促进土地的有效管理。 相似文献
7.
基于BP神经网络的工业生态安全动态评价及障碍因子诊断 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的] 对安徽省工业生态安全进行评价和预测,为安徽省工业生态安全可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法] 基于压力、状态、响应框架和生态、环境、经济、社会框架构建工业生态安全评价指标体系,采用聚类工具进行安全等级划分,结合熵权法和综合指数法评价2009—2018年安徽省工业生态安全水平,运用BP神经网络模型对2019—2025年工业生态安全水平进行科学预测。[结果] ①从总体上看,2009—2018年安徽省工业生态安全评价指数呈波动上升趋势,安全等级由“临界安全”上升为“较安全”;②从各子系统来看,2009—2018年压力子系统的评价指数呈上升态势,状态和响应子系统的评价指数呈先下降后上升态势;③BP神经网络预测结果显示：2019—2025年安徽省工业生态安全态势总体呈波动上升状态,处于“临界安全”向“较安全”转变态势;④影响安徽省工业生态安全的主要障碍因素包括第二产业从业人员比例、第二产业占GDP的比例、污水集中处理率、森林覆盖率和人口密度,是今后调控的方向。[结论] 研究期间安徽省工业生态安全波动明显,但总体上呈上升趋势,工业生态安全得到明显的改善。 相似文献
8.
[目的]探索金沙江梯级水电工程库区生态系统服务供需关系的时空演变规律及其驱动因素，为水电工程库区生态管理提供决策支撑。[方法]基于金沙江梯级水电工程库区土地利用、人口、国内生产总值、归一化植被指数和降水量等数据，采用市场价值法、耦合协调度模型和地理加权回归模型等方法，开展库区生态系统服务供需耦合协调度及其驱动因素研究。[结果]2005—2019年期间库区生态系统服务价值增加了6.8亿元，总量达到了917亿元。生态系统服务供需严重失调和重度失调的区域，主要分布于金沙江北岸的四川省境内，勉强协调和良好协调的区域主要分布于金沙江南岸的云南省境内。植被覆盖对库区生态系统服务供需耦合度呈现正向驱动关系，人口和地形起伏度为负向驱动关系，降水量对库区北部局部地区为正向驱动关系，其余地区为负向驱动关系。[结论]库区生态系统服务供需耦合协调度呈现南高北低的空间分布特征，且受多重因素影响，未来应加强水电工程库区生态系统服务研究。 相似文献
9.
[目的]了解山西黄河流域不同土地利用类型NDVI时空变化及其对气温、降水的响应关系,对该流域生态保护、修复和高质量发展具有重要的意义。[方法]基于1998—2018年NDVI数据,利用NDVI变化趋势、变异系数、空间自相关等方法,对山西黄河流域不同土地利用类型NDVI时空变化特征及其与气温、降水的关系进行分析。[结果]不同土地利用类型NDVI变化趋势均呈向好态势,草地和林地覆盖状况优于整体水平。NDVI在空间上整体呈南北纵列、高低相间的分布格局,吕梁山和太岳山—中条山高,西部高原丘陵区和汾河谷地低。NDVI变化趋势的空间异质性显著,植被以显著改善为主。林地改善趋势的稳定性最好。NDVI表现出明显的空间集聚性特征,其中耕地NDVI变化趋势聚集特征最明显。不同土地利用类型NDVI对降水的敏感性强于气温。[结论]山西黄河流域不同土地利用类型NDVI时空变化差异显著,并对气温和降水存在响应关系,此研究将为该流域生态保护和建设提供更精准的植被恢复数据及其和气温、降水关系的基础资料。 相似文献
10.
甘肃省土地荒漠化监测结果及动态变化分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
应用遥感与地面调查相结合的方法和"多因子数量化评价法"荒漠化评价指标体系,于2009年对甘肃省荒漠化土地进行了第四次调查监测,并对2004年和2009年两期监测结果进行了对比。结果显示:甘肃省荒漠化土地总面积1 921.28万hm2,其中风蚀土地面积1 549.83万hm2、水蚀284.91万hm2、盐渍化70.26万hm2、冻融16.29万hm2,与2004年监测结果相比,5年间荒漠化土地面积减少了13.49万hm2,年逆转率为0.14%。荒漠化土地动态变化总体呈相持递减趋势,荒漠化有所逆转,荒漠化程度总体在减轻。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献