共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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[目的]监测和分析四川省2009—2020年植被覆盖度时空变化特征,为定量评估区域生态环境提供重要的基础研究数据,也为城市规划及可持续城市发展提供科学参考。[方法]借助Google Earth Engine云计算平台,获取了2009—2020年四川省Landsat系列影像,利用像元二分模型对研究区植被覆盖度进行了定量估算。[结果](1)2009—2020年间,四川省主要以高、中高植被覆盖度为主,其面积可达全省面积的80%,而低、中低植被覆盖度面积所占比例低于10%。(2)从空间上分布,四川省植被覆盖度空间差异比较明显,植被覆盖度较低区域主要分布在成都平原经济区及川西部分地区;(3)从空间变化特征上分析,2009—2020年研究区的植被覆盖度整体呈现基本稳定趋势(44.39%),植被覆盖度改善的区域面积(30.78%)大于植被覆盖度退化区域(24.82%),其中明显退化区域面积所占比例最少,仅占全省面积的4.96%。[结论]总体上,2009—2020年四川省的植被覆盖状况良好,以高、中高植被覆盖度为主,植被覆盖度呈现基本稳定趋势。 相似文献
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[目的] 探究黄河流域河南段的生态状况，分析该区植被生长发育规律及其主控因素，为该区乃至整个黄河流域生态保护和恢复提供理论依据和技术支持。 [方法] 以黄河流域河南段为研究区，利用2001-2020年MODIS-NDVI影像，选取气象、地形、土地利用类型等因素，采用像元二分模型、一元线性回归方程和地理探测器等方法开展黄河流域河南段植被覆盖度变化及其驱动力的研究。 [结果] ①20 a间黄河流域河南段多年平均植被覆盖度由0.54增长到0.71，年增长率为0.85%，中等植被覆盖度(0.45＜FVC≤0.6)、中低植被覆盖度(0.3＜FVC≤0.45)、低植被覆盖度(0.1＜FVC≤0.3)、裸地(FVC≤0.1)向中高植被覆盖度(0.6＜FVC≤0.75)、高植被覆盖度(FVC≥0.75)转化，等级面积分别增加12.60%，75.49%； ②空间上，高、中高植被覆盖度区域主要集中在西部伏牛山、北部太行山山区和东部平原区，中等、中低、低植被覆盖度区域主要集中在中部洛阳至郑州段，裸地主要分布在水系和黄河两岸； ③20 a间研究区植被覆盖度改善面积远大于退化面积，极显著改善区域面积比例31.11%，主要分布在西部伏牛山和北部太行山山区；显著改善区域面积比例9.42%，主要分布在极显著改善区域周边；未发生明显变化区域比例52.35%；显著退化和极显著退化区域面积比例分别为3.01%和4.11%，主要分布在中部、东部平原的耕地和建筑物区； ④各因子对植被覆盖度的影响表现为：土地利用类型＞高程＞坡度＞降水量＞气温，土地利用类型与高程的交互协同作用对植被覆盖度空间格局分布的影响力达到0.52。 [结论] 2001-2020年研究区植被覆盖度呈现显著改善趋势，空间差异性明显，土地利用类型是影响植被覆盖度的主要影响因子。 相似文献
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[目的]了解海河流域生长季植被覆盖度(FVC)的时空变化及其驱动力,以期为海河流域的生态保护、建设与可持续发展提供参考。[方法]基于MODIS NDVI遥感数据和同时期的18种影响因子,采用趋势分析法和M-K显著性检验分析了2001—2019年海河流域生长季植被覆盖度的时空变化特征;并利用地理探测器探讨了其空间分异特征与驱动力。[结果]2001—2019年海河流域生长季植被覆盖度总体呈显著上升趋势,线性倾向率为0.063/10 a, 2011年之后增速减缓。空间分布差异明显,植被覆盖度总体较高,仅环渤海湾地带和一些城市区域植被覆盖率较低。改善区域的面积远大于退化面积,其中改善部分以极显著改善为主,占流域总面积的60.42%。海河流域生长季植被覆盖度的空间分布差异主要由林地比例和林草混合地比例所决定,解释力均在30%以上。对海河流域生长季植被覆盖度交互作用解释力最强的是林草混合地比例和农田比例。[结论]海河流域植被覆盖度总体显著上升,空间分布差异主要驱动力为林地比例和林草混合地比例。 相似文献
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[目的]探究四川省泸沽湖湿地自然保护区2000—2020年陆地植被覆盖度的时空变化规律,为保护区的建设和治理提供参考。[方法]选用四川泸沽湖湿地自然保护区2000—2020年植被生长旺盛月份(6—9月)的MODIS数据为数据源,结合像元二分法、Theil-SenMedian趋势分析法等相关分析法探究植被覆盖度时空变化特征及其对气候的响应。[结果](1)在时间变化上,四川省泸沽湖湿地自然保护区陆地植被覆盖度呈略微上升趋势,整体以0.09/10 a速率波动上升。(2)保护区植被覆盖度在空间分布上呈现湖区及其周边区域低,南北高的特征,呈现整体上升,局部下降的特点。(3)保护区气候(6—9月)趋向“暖干化”发展,植被覆盖度与气温和降水量以正相关为主,且受气温影响大于降水,其影响因素具有空间差异性。[结论] 2000—2020年,泸沽湖湿地自然保护区植被覆盖良好,植被覆盖度总体呈略微上升趋势,其中,气温是影响植被覆盖度的主要气候因子,同时地形、人类活动对保护区植被覆盖度均有一定的影响。 相似文献
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[目的] 系统分析退耕还林以来植被覆盖时空变异特征,评估植被恢复的潜力,为陕西省生态环境建设的可持续发展提供科学的理论依据和实施建议。[方法] 以MODIS NDVI数据为基础,采用Sen+Mann-Kendall模型和Hurst指数探究了2000-2020年陕西省及秦巴山区、关中平原和黄土高原3个亚区植被覆盖度(fractional vegetation cover,FVC)的时空变化特征,并运用相似生境法测算了不同区域的植被恢复潜力。[结果] ①2000-2020年陕西省FVC增长率为0.002 9/a,74.58 %的区域有所改善。其中:黄土高原区FVC改善面积达84.46 %,且以显著改善为主;秦巴山区FVC改善面积为74.40 %,以轻微改善为主;而关中平原区FVC具有退化趋势,退化区域占64.56 %。②全省FVC持续性改善面积占19.80 %,黄土高原区和秦巴山区以持续性改善为主,面积比例分别为27.83 %和13.68 %,而关中平原区以持续性退化为主。③黄土高原区西北部及其与关中平原接壤地带的植被恢复空间较大,而子午岭林区植被恢复空间较小;秦巴山区森林覆盖率较高,几乎没有恢复空间;关中平原受城市化的影响,植被恢复空间小。[结论] 近几十年来,陕西省植被覆盖度显著提高,但受气候、地形、植被类型和人类活动等因素的影响,植被覆盖变化具有明显的空间异质性。陕西省植被恢复的增长速度趋于放缓,持续改善能力已经较低,植被覆盖趋于平稳,但是黄土高原西北部地区及其与关中平原的接壤处植被覆盖恢复潜力仍较大。 相似文献
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黄河流域甘肃段植被覆盖度时空变化及对气候因子的响应 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
[目的]分析黄河流域甘肃段2000—2018年植被覆盖度变化的时空演变规律,探讨该区域植被覆盖度的变化对气候的响应机制,为该区域生态环境与社会经济的协调可持续发展和进一步落实生态环境保护、建设及恢复提供科学依据。[方法]基于2000—2018年的MODIS NDVI数据、气象数据,采用线性趋势分析和相关性分析等方法,对黄河流域甘肃段植被覆盖度的时空变化特征及与气候因子之间的关系进行分析。[结果]①空间上,近19 a研究区植被覆盖度自西南向东北在不断降低,以甘南州的植被覆盖状况最好;植被覆盖度改善面积占36.64%,主要分布于兰州市北部、临夏州、定西市、庆阳市、平凉市大范围区域、天水市南部等,而退化面积占4.2%,主要集中于甘南州等地区。②时间上,研究区植被覆盖度以2013年为界呈现"先持续增加后波动减少"的变化趋势,但整体在不断增加;以平凉市的增加速度最快,平均每年增长0.96%。③研究区植被覆盖度对降水量变化的响应敏感,与降水量呈现显著的正相关关系。[结论]研究区植被覆盖度空间差异明显,2000—2018年植被以改善为主,降水是影响这些区域植被改善的有利因素,降水状况的改善对研究区生态环境建设与修复至关重要。 相似文献
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[目的] 分析彬长矿区植被覆盖度变化特征及空间分布影响因素,判别矿区的生态状况断,为矿区复垦和生态恢复提供科学参考和理论依据。[方法] 基于Google Earth Engine云平台,获取1986—2021年30 m分辨率Landsat Surface Reflectance Tier 1 Data（地表反射率数据）,基于像元二分模型,采用趋势分析法、F检验等方法对彬长矿区植被覆盖度多年时空变化作出定量分析;在此基础上运用地理探测器对植被覆盖度的空间分异性进行地理因子解析。[结果] ①1986—2021年彬长矿区植被覆盖度改善状况较好,总体呈现增长趋势,平均增长率为0.64%/a;研究区多年平均植被覆盖度水平较高,中覆盖度及以上面积占87.14%,空间分布上呈现“东南高,西北低”的特点。②植被覆盖度变化趋势上,研究区以显著改善区域为主,其面积所占比例为56.65%,但仍有些许地区植被显著退化,主要集中在靠近城市河流道路区域。③各因子对植被覆盖度的影响大小排序为：坡度>高程>年降水>GDP>人口密度>年均温>植被类型>土壤类型,坡度与年降水交互作用对植被覆盖度空间分异性影响最强。[结论] 1986—2021年彬长矿区植被覆盖状况良好,整体呈现显著增长趋势,植被改善情况明显,坡度为影响研究区植被覆盖度空间分异性的主导因子。 相似文献
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[目的]探究珠三角植被覆盖度空间分布和时空变化的驱动力,为该地区生态环境的保护提供科学参考。[方法]基于Landsat 5 TM和Landsat 8 OLI数据,利用像元二分模型反演珠三角2000,2005,2010,2015和2020年5个时期的植被覆盖度,分析珠三角植被覆盖度的空间格局和时空变化的过程。并结合5个时期的年降水量、年均温度、人口密度和土地利用,采用相关系数和地理探测器等方法开展研究。[结果](1)珠三角植被覆盖度在空间上表现为中部较低,边缘区域较高的分布格局,在佛山市、中山市、珠海市、广州市西南部、东莞市和深圳市较低,肇庆市、江门市和惠州市较高。植被覆盖度总体上表现为改善的趋势,改善的面积比例为64.99%,在时间上存在阶段性的差异,2010—2015年期间高植被覆盖度(80%以上)增长的面积最明显;(2)影响因素对植被覆盖度的驱动有明显的区域差异性,年降水量和土地利用程度起抑制作用的面积大于起促进作用的面积,年均温度和人口密度起促进作用的面积大于起抑制作用的面积;(3)植被覆盖度空间格局因子探测表明土地利用程度的解释力最强,交互探测表明年均温度与土地利用程度交互作用... 相似文献
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[目的] 土地利用及其对陆地生态系统的影响是当前全球变化研究的重要内容。科学分析土地利用变化对植被覆盖度的影响,促进社会经济与生态环境质量的协调发展及地区经济的平衡发展,为政府部门对区域生态保护和恢复管理提供借鉴和参考。[方法] 以湖北省为研究对象,利用2000,2020年2期Landsat遥感影像、土地利用遥感数据,利用遥感数据的空间处理、像元二分模型、土地利用转移矩阵等方法,分析研究湖北省植被覆盖的时空变化、土地利用类型变化特征及其对植被覆盖度的影响。[结果] ①2000-2020年,湖北省耕地、草地和未利用地面积减少,水域以及建设用地面积增加,林地面积基本保持不变,其面积大小顺序为:林地>耕地>水域>建设用地>草地>未利用地。②湖北省植被覆盖度平均值上升了6.50 %。林地、耕地、草地和未利用地的平均植被覆盖度均有所增加,建设用地的平均植被覆盖度有所降低。③湖北省植被覆盖度总体呈现增加的趋势。植被覆盖度增大的区域主要集中在湖北省的西部和东南部地区,局部地区也存在植被退化的区域,主要集中在湖北省中南部及襄阳北方部分区域。④不同土地利用类型FVC转移过程中,耕地较高植被覆盖与高植被覆盖之间的转移过程最为剧烈,林地不同等级植被覆盖的转移量占转移总量的47.87 %,草地不同水平植被覆盖度的转移量占转移总量比例较小,仅为3.40 %。[结论] 2000-2020年湖北省土地利用变化较大,不同土地利用类型的植被覆盖度相互转移,尤其是林地、耕地及草地的平均植被覆盖度均有所增加,使得湖北省近20 a来整体植被覆盖度呈现出上升趋势。 相似文献
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滇西南植被覆盖度动态变化特征及其驱动力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究滇西南植覆盖度动态变化及与气候因子的关系,以便于推动滇西南植被资源保护以及可持续发展。基于滇西南2000—2020年MODIS NDVI数据以及同期气象数据,运用像元二分法、转移矩阵、线性趋势分析、相关分析和残差分析等方法进行了分析。结果表明:(1)滇西南近21 a低植被覆盖度逐渐向高植被覆盖度转化,2000—2020年滇西南植被覆盖度整体呈现改善趋势。(2)滇西南近21 a年累计降水量以94.18 mm/10 a的趋势减少; 年均气温以0.78℃/10 a的趋势上升。(3)滇西南植被覆盖度主要与气温变化关系更密切,其中FVC与气温正、负相关面积占整个研究区比例分别为58.47%,41.53%; 与降水量正、负相关面积占整个研究区域比例分别为41.22%,58.78%。(4)气温驱动为滇西南植被覆盖度的主要驱动因素,占研究区域面积的2.94%; 降水量驱动区域所占1.76%; 受气温和降水量共同驱动区域所占2.66%。(5)近21 a滇西南残差值以0.021/10 a的速率波动上升。2000—2020年滇西南人类活动对植被的影响由负到正,其中2009年为由负到正的转折点。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献