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1.
Serum magnesium (Mg) is an infrequnetly measured electrolyte in small animal patients. Currently, little is known about the prevalence and significance of abnormalities in serum Mg in animals. Therefore, a prospective study was performed to examine the incidence and clinical implications of abnormalities in serum Mg levels in critically ill dogs.
Serum Mg and other electrolytes were measured in 93 normal dogs housed at the Purina Pet Care Center and in 48 ill dogs admitted to a small animal critical care unit. The normal reference range for canine serum Mg was determined to be 1.89 – 2.51 mg/dl. Based on this range, 54% of the critically ill dogs were hypomagnesemic (< 1.89 mg/dl) and 13% were hypermagnesemic (> 2.51 mg/dl). Of the electrolytes measured in these patients, serum Mg had the highest prevalence of abnormal values. Hypomagnesemic patients had a significantly higher incidence of concurrent hypokalemia and hyponatremia (p < 0.05), as well as a longer length of hospitalization (p < 0.05) than their normomagnesemic counterparts. Hypermagnesemic patients were 2.6 times more likely not to survive their illness when compared to patients with normal serum Mg levels.
Abnormalities in serum Mg appear to be common in critically ill dogs. These patients commonly have other concurrent electrolyte abnormalities. Since serum Mg is not routinely measured, the presence of hypokalemia or hyponatremia should alert the clinician to the possibility of coexisting hypomagnesemia. The clinical implications of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in ill dogs appear to involve prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality, respectively: however, the exact etiology remains undetermined.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite affects the incidence of parturient paresis and serum concentrations of total calcium (tCa), inorganic phosphorus (PO(4) (2)), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and sodium (Na+) in dairy cattle. ANIMALS: 52 dairy cows. Procedure-Cows were placed into 3 groups. The first 2 groups (group A [n = 17] and group B [17]) were offered a concentrate supplemented with 1.25% and 2.5% clinoptilolite, respectively. The third (group C [n = 18]) served as a control and was offered the concentrate alone. The experiment started 1 month before parturition and lasted until the beginning of the next nonlactating period. Around the time of calving, all cows were monitored for the development of parturient paresis. Blood samples were taken at the commencement of the experiment, on the day of calving, and thereafter at monthly intervals to measure serum tCa, PO(4) (2), Mg2+, K+, and Na+ concentrations. Results-The incidence of parturient paresis in group B cows was significantly lower, compared with group C cows. However, serum concentrations of tCa, P(O4) (2), Mg2+, K+, and Na+ were not significantly affected by long-term supplementation with clinoptilolite. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the context of this experiment, clinoptilolite supplementation at 2.5% appeared to have reduced the incidence of parturient paresis in dairy cows, suggesting that its effectiveness depends on the amount incorporated in the ration of cows. Addition of clinoptilolite in the concentrate of dairy cows during the nonlactating period could be used as a cost-effective preventive treatment for parturient paresis.  相似文献   

3.
Hyperthyroidism can increase the renal excretion of magnesium and thus cause hypomagnesemia in various species. Anaerobically collected blood samples from 15 hyperthyroid and 40 normal, healthy cats were analyzed with an ion-selective electrode analyzer and a serum biochemical analyzer. There was no significant difference in ionized or total serum magnesium concentration between the 2 groups, but there was a significant difference (P = 0.004) in the ratio of ionized to total serum magnesium concentrations between the healthy cats and the hyperthyroid cats with thyroxine (T4) concentrations at or above the median. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.894, P = 0.000) between the ionized and total magnesium concentrations in the hyperthyroid cats. The hyperthyroid cats had a significantly lower (P = 0.003) total serum protein concentration than the healthy cats. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.670, P = 0.006) was detected between the ionized magnesium and logarithmically transformed total T4 concentrations in the hyperthyroid cats, which suggests that the severity of hyperthyroidism may contribute to a decrease in the ionized magnesium concentration.  相似文献   

4.
Records of 127 cats with arterial thromboembolism (ATE) were reviewed. Abyssinian, Birman, Ragdoll, and male cats were overrepresented. Tachypnea (91%), hypothermia (66%), and absent limb motor function (66%) were common. Of 90 cats with diagnostics performed, underlying diseases were hyperthyroidism (12), cardiomyopathy (dilated [8], unclassified [33], hypertrophic obstructive [5], hypertrophic [19]), neoplasia (6), other (4), and none (3). Common abnormalities were left atrial enlargement (93%), congestive heart failure (CHF, 44%), and arrhythmias (44%). Of cats without CHF, 89% were tachypneic. Common biochemical abnormalities were hyperglycemia, azotemia, and abnormally high serum concentrations of muscle enzymes. Of 87 cats treated for acute limb ATE, 39 (45%) survived to be discharged. Significant differences were found between survivors and nonsurvivors for temperature (P < .00001), heart rate (P = .038), serum phosphorus concentration (P = .024), motor function (P = .008), and number of limbs affected (P = .001). No significant difference was found between survivors and nonsurvivors when compared by age, respiratory rate, other biochemical analytes, or concurrent CHE A logistic regression model based on rectal temperature predicted a 50% probability of survival at 98.9 degrees F (37.2 degrees C). Median survival time (MST) for discharged cats was 117 days. Eleven cats had ATE recurrences, and 5 cats developed limb problems. Cats with CHF (MST: 77 days) had significantly shorter survival than cats without CHF (MST: 223 days; P = .016). No significant difference was found in survival or recurrence rate between cats receiving high-dose aspirin (> or = 40 mg/cat q72h) and cats receiving low-dose aspirin (5 mg/cat q72h). Adverse effects were less frequent and milder for the lower dosage.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To determine magnesium (Mg) status in cats with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), evaluate changes in Mg status after treatment for DKA, and correlate Mg status with systemic blood pressure and degree of glycemic control. DESIGN: Case series and cohort study. ANIMALS: 12 healthy cats (controls), 21 cats with DM, and 7 cats with DKA. PROCEDURE: Serum total magnesium (tMg) and ionized magnesium (iMg) concentrations and spot urinary fractional excretion of magnesium (FEmg) were determined, using serum and urine samples obtained from all cats when they were entered in the study and from cats with DKA 12, 24, and 48 hours after initiating treatment. Indirect blood pressure and degree of glycemic control were determined in 10 and 21 cats with DM, respectively. RESULTS: Initially, 2 and 13 cats with DM and 1 and 4 cats with DKA had serum tMg and iMg concentrations, respectively, less than the low reference limit (mean-2 SD) determined for controls. In cats with DKA, serum tMg concentration decreased significantly over time after initiating treatment. Urinary FEmg was significantly higher in cats with DM or DKA, compared with controls. Systemic hypertension was not detected nor was there a correlation between Mg status and degree of glycemic control in cats with DM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hypomagnesemia was a common finding in cats with DM and DKA and was more readily identified by measuring serum iMg concentration than tMg concentration. The clinical ramifications of hypomagnesemia in such cats remain to be determined.  相似文献   

6.
Objective: To determine the arterial blood pressure at presentation in male cats with acute urethral obstruction, and to determine whether there was any correlation between these measurements and concurrent metabolic abnormalities. Design: Prospective, single cohort, observational study. Setting: Private, small animal, after‐hours emergency clinic. Animals: Twenty‐eight client‐owned male cats with acute urethral obstruction and no other known coexisting disease. Interventions: Indirect oscillometric blood pressure measurements obtained before blood sampling and treatment. Measurements and main results: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) measurements, physical examination parameters, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, potassium, phosphorus, total calcium and magnesium concentration, venous pH, lead II electrocardiogram, and urine volume in bladder were evaluated. No cats were hypotensive at presentation; 71% (20/28) were normotensive (median MAP=100 mmHg, range 93–140 mmHg); and 29% (8/28) were hypertensive (median MAP=153 mmHg, range 145–176 mmHg). Compared with hypertensive cats, normotensive cats had significantly lower heart rates (P=0.0201) and lower calcium (P=0.0152). For all 28 cats, MAP correlated with serum potassium and total calcium (P=0.0033). Conclusions: Though potassium and total calcium were inversely and directly correlated respectively with blood pressure in cats with urethral obstruction, none of the cats were hypotensive on presentation. Normotension on admission does not support the absence of biochemical and physical abnormalities in obstructed cats.  相似文献   

7.
Systemic hypertension was diagnosed in 58 of 188 untreated cats referred for evaluation of suspected hypertension-associated ocular, neurologic. cardiorespiratory, and urinary disease, or diseases frequently associated with hypertension (hyperthyroidism and chronic renal failure). Hypertensive cats were significantly older than normotensive subjects (13.0 +/- 3.5 years versus 9.6 +/- 5.0 years; P < .01), and had a greater prevalence of retinal lesions (48 versus 3%; P < .001), gallop rhythm (16 versus 0%; P < .001), and polyuria-polydipsia (53 versus 29%: P < .01). Blood pressure was significantly higher (P < .001) in cats with retinopathies (262 +/- 34 mm Hg) than in other hypertensive animals (221 +/- 34 mm Hg). Hypertensive cats had a thicker interventricular septum (5.8 +/- 1.7 versus 3.7 +/- 0.64 mm; P < .001) and left ventricular free wall (6.2 +/- 1.6 versus 4.1 +/- 0.51 mm; P < .001) and a reduced diastolic left ventricular internal diameter (13.5 +/- 3.2 versus 15.8 +/- 0.72 mm; P < .001) than control cats. Left ventricular geometry was abnormal in 33 of 39 hypertensive subjects. No significant difference was found in age or blood pressure at the initial visit between cats that died or survived over a 9-month period after initial diagnosis of hypertension. Mean survival times were not significantly different between hypertensive cats with normal and abnormal left ventricular patterns. Further prospective studies are needed to clearly identify the factors involved in survival time in hypertensive cats.  相似文献   

8.
The appearance and incidence of sperm abnormalities was studied in 115 ejaculates, collected periodically over 1 year covering all seasons from five mature, healthy swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls reared under tropical conditions and serving as the current source of semen for artificial insemination (AI) in Thailand. Light microscopy of stained smears was used to investigate sperm head shape morphology, while unstained wet smears were used to examine other sperm abnormalities. The most commonly found morphological aberrations were pear-shaped spermatozoa, knobbed acrosomes, proximal cytoplasmic droplets, simple bent tails and coiled tails under the head, whose ultrastructure (scanning electron microscopy) corresponded to what has been found in other species of bovidae, including varieties of buffalo. The mean prevalence (as least squares mean +/- SEM) of sperm abnormalities was low (below 15%), corresponding to healthy spermiograms. The younger bulls (<10 years old, n = 3) had less abnormalities than the older ones (10.1 +/- 0.6% versus 14.1 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.001, n = 2), including abnormalities of sperm head shape (1.1 +/- 0.3% versus 3.6 +/- 0.3, P < 0.001), acrosome defects with knobbed acrosomes (1.1 +/- 0.2% versus 1.2 +/- 0.3%, P < 0.001), spermatozoa with proximal cytoplasmic droplets (2.7 +/- 0.1% versus 1.4 +/- 0.2%, P < 0.001), defective mid-pieces (0.2 +/- 0.1% versus 0.3 +/- 0.1%) and abnormal sperm tails (3.1 +/- 0.3% versus 5.7 +/- 0.4%, P < 0.001). The within-bull effect of the year solely affected the incidence of pear-shaped spermatozoa while the incidences of abnormal contour, variable size of sperm head shapes, abnormal mid-piece and simple bent tail among bulls were affected by ejaculate (week of collection). Interaction between age and ejaculate affected only the prevalence of spermatozoa with proximal cytoplasmic droplets. In conclusion, the types of defects encountered were similar to those found in other bovidae, with a very low prevalence over the year the AI sires were followed through.  相似文献   

9.
Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia are common in horses with sepsis and endotoxemia. We hypothesize that endotoxemia triggers a systemic inflammatory response that results in hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) administration to healthy horses on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), ionized calcium (Ca2+) and total calcium (tCa), ionized magnesium (Mg2+) and total magnesium (tMg), phosphate (Pi), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and insulin concentrations, and on the urinary excretion of these electrolytes. Twelve mares were infused with Escherichia coli LPS (30 ng/kg/h i.v.) for 1 hour. Six mares were infused with saline (controls). In LPS-infused horses, heart rate increased significantly from (mean +/- SD) 40.0 +/- 1.3 to 70.0 +/- 9.0 beats/min, respiratory rate from 12.7 +/- 1.0 to 21.1 +/- 3.0 breaths/min, body temperature from 37.4 +/- 0.3 to 38.9 +/- 0.6 degrees C, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations from 6.6 +/- 3.5 to 507 +/- 260 pg/mL (P < .05). White blood cell count decreased significantly from 7570 +/- 600 to 1960 +/- 560 cells/ microL. Serum concentrations of Ca2+ decreased from 6.5 +/- 0.3 to 6.0 +/- 0.3 mg/dL, of Mg2+ from 0.53 +/- 0.06 to 0.43 +/- 0.04 mM, of tMg from 0.78 +/- 0.05 to 0.62 +/- 0.08 mM, of K+ from 4.3 +/- 0.4 to 3.0 +/- 0.5 mEq/L, and of Pi from 3.4 +/- 0.5 to 1.7 +/- 0.5 mg/dL (all P < .05). PTH increased significantly from 1.3 +/- 0.4 to 6.0 +/- 5.2 pM; however, in some horses (n=2), PTH did not increase despite hypocalcemia. Insulin increased significantly from 9.4 +/- 3.6 to 50.5 +/- 9.6 microIU/mL (n=3). Urinary fractional excretion of Ca2+ decreased significantly from 4.7 +/- 1.4 to 1.7 +/- 1.2%, of Mg2+ from 36.6 +/- 6.5 to 11.7 +/- 7.3%, and of K+ from 37.9 +/- 11.3 to 17.7 +/- 6.2%. Fractional excretion of Pi increased from 0.02 +/- 0.02 to 0.14 +/- 0.07% and of Na+ from 0.26 +/- 0.13% to 1.2 +/- 0.5%. No changes were found in serum tCa, Na+, and Cl- concentrations. In conclusion, endotoxemia in horses resulted in electrolyte abnormalities that included hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and increased serum PTH and insulin concentrations.  相似文献   

10.
The purposes of this study were 2-fold: (1) to determine the prevalence of splintered QRS complexes (Rr', RR', rR', rr') and other electrocardiographic abnormalities in dogs and cats with congenital right atrioventricular valve malformation (RAVM) and (2) to determine if the Labrador Retriever was at greater risk for RAVM and splintered QRS complexes. EKGs from 39 dogs and 6 cats with echocardiographically diagnosed RAVM were studied retrospectively. Splintered QRS complexes were commonly found in affected Labrador Retrievers (9 of 19, 47%), non-Labrador Retrievers (12 of 20, 60%), and cats (4 of 6, 67%). Right ventricular enlargement was most commonly detected by precordial leads (CV6LL[V2], CV6LU[V4]) in the dogs and by the standard limb leads in the cats. Arrhythmias were uncommon. The Labrador Retriever was significantly overrepresented (P < .001) in the RAVM group when compared to the general hospital population (50% versus 8%). Males were also significantly overrepresented ( P < .01). It was concluded that splintered QRS complexes are a distinctive and common electrocardiographic finding in dogs and cats with RAVM. Moreover, this congenital cardiac defect is most common in the Labrador Retriever, although this breed does not have proportionately more or less splintering of the QRS complexes than other breeds.  相似文献   

11.
Coagulation Abnormalities in 22 Cats with Naturally Occurring Liver Disease   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
Twenty-two cats with liver disease were evaluated for coagulation abnormalities including alterations in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, factor VII activity, and platelet count. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of coagulation abnormalities in this population of cats, classify abnormalities according to underlying pathogenesis, and determine if serum biochemical parameters typically used as indicatiors of liver disease showed any correlation with the coagulation abnormalities present. Study results indicated that at least 1 coagulation abnormality was present in 82% of the cats. Prolongation of prothrombin time was most common (16/22 cats) and factor VII activity was below reference range (<60%) in 15 cats. When classified according to underlying pathogenesis, vitamin K deficiency was the most common abnormality found (11/22). Other abnormalities were less common and included hepatic synthetic failure (3/22), indeterminate (3/22), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (1/22). Increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was the only biochemical abnormality that showed statistically significant correlation with coagulation abnormalities ( P = .023). Cats with marked increases in ALP activity were more likely to have coagulation abnormalities than those with only mild increases in ALP activity.  相似文献   

12.
Two cows, 1 with diarrhea and 1 with signs of forestomach outflow obstruction, were treated in part with repeated doses of a commercially available antacid/cathartic preparation containing magnesium hydroxide. Both cows subsequently were determined to have hypermagnesemia, along with severe metabolic alkalosis. In addition, each cow was comatose at the time of death. A clinical study was initiated to investigate the causal relationship between the ingestion of magnesium hydroxide and the generation of hypermagnesemia and metabolic alkalosis in adult cows. Twelve healthy mature cross bred beef cows were allotted at random to a fed or fasted (simulated anorexia) group, with 2 untreated and 4 treated cows in each group. A single dose of magnesium hydroxide (1.5 g/kg of body weight, suspended in 3.8 L of warm water) was administered per os to each treated cow, whereas each control cow was given only water. Individual determinations of selected venous blood gas values (plasma bicarbonate ion [HCO3-] concentration, and base excess [BE]), serum magnesium (Mg) concentration, and urine magnesium fractional clearance ratio (Mg-FCR) were made immediately before drug administration, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 hours after treatment. Compared with control values at the conclusion of the study, mean serum Mg concentration, urine Mg-FCR, plasma HCO3- concentration, and BE were significantly higher (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0015, P = 0.028, and P = 0.021, respectively) in treated cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
Objectives : To determine the prevalence of hypocobalaminaemia in cats with moderate to severe hyperthyroidism and to investigate the relationship between cobalamin status and selected haematologic parameters. Methods : Serum cobalamin concentrations were measured in 76 spontaneously hyperthyroid cats [serum thyroxine (T4) concentration ≥100 nmol/L] and 100 geriatric euthyroid cats. Erythrocyte and neutrophil counts in hyperthyroid cats with hypocobalaminaemia were compared with those in hyperthyroid cats with adequate serum cobalamin concentrations (≥290 ng/L). Results : The median cobalamin concentration in hyperthyroid cats was lower than the control group (409 versus 672 ng/L; P=0·0040). In addition, 40·8% of hyperthyroid cats had subnormal serum cobalamin concentrations compared with 25% of controls (P=0·0336). Weak negative correlation (coefficient: –0·3281) was demonstrated between serum cobalamin and T4 concentrations in the hyperthyroid population, and the median cobalamin concentration was lower in cats with T4 above the median of 153 nmol/L compared with cats with T4 below this value (P=0·0281). Hypocobalaminaemia was not associated with neutropenia or anaemia in hyperthyroid cats. Clinical Significance : This study indicates that a substantial proportion of cats with T4≥100 nmol/L are hypocobalaminaemic and suggests that hyperthyroidism directly or indirectly affects cobalamin uptake, excretion or utilisation in this species.  相似文献   

14.
Magnesium deficiency has been associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in several species. Cats may be predisposed to alterations in magnesium status because of recent changes in the composition of commercial feline diets. The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the dietary history of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 2) to study magnesium status of cats with HCM compared to normal cats, and 3) to determine the effects of magnesium supplementation in cats with HCM. In part 1 of the study, diets of 65 cats with HCM were examined retrospectively. Forty of the 45 cats for which diets could be determined (89%) ate a diet designed to be magnesium-restricted and/or to produce an acidic urine. In part 2 of the study, 10 cats with HCM were compared to 10 healthy control cats for serum creatinine and magnesium; urine creatinine and magnesium, urine specific gravity and pH, and fractional excretion of magnesium. Urine creatinine and specific gravity were higher in control cats than in cats with HCM. No other differences were found between the 2 groups. In part 3, cats with HCM were supplemented with either 210 mg magnesium chloride (n = 15) or 210 mg lactose (n = 15) for 12 wk. No differences between the 2 groups were found for changes in either magnesium status or echocardiographic parameters. However, the 30 cats with HCM, as a group, did show significant improvements in measures of cardiac hypertrophy over the 12-week period. This was likely the result of treatment with other medications, rather than the magnesium supplementation. The results of this study suggest that cats with HCM are likely to be fed magnesium-restricted diets, but that they do not appear to have altered magnesium status compared to healthy controls.  相似文献   

15.
The clinical problems and results of urinalyses of 500 dogs were reviewed and summarized to compare the sensitivities for detection of abnormalities indicative of urinary system disease among qualitative (sulfosalicylic acid [SSA]), quantitative (Coomassie brilliant blue [CBB]), and indexed (urinary protein/creatinine ratio [U(P/C)]) determinations of urinary protein loss vs microscopic examination of urine sediment. False-negative rates for the detection of microscopically abnormal urine specimens were 5.4% for SSA greater than or equal to 1+, 8.5% for CBB greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/ml, 9.7% for U(P/C) greater than or equal to 1.0, and 7.7% for CBB + U(P/C). A discriminatory U(P/C) value of 2.0 would have excluded dogs with clinically relevant proteinuria in the lower ranges. Proteinuria was not detected in 4.4% (22/500) of the specimens in which important numbers of leukocytes or bacteria were observed. False-negative rates for combined interpretation of quantitative protein concentration and U(P/C) were not significantly different (P greater than 0.10) from SSA alone. Degrees of azotemia were higher (high serum creatinine concentration, P greater than 0.10 and high serum urea nitrogen concentration, P less than 0.05) and prevalence of chronically diseased dogs was greater (P less than 0.005) in dog categories with higher U(P/C) values. More quantitative determinations of urinary protein loss as a screening test offer potential labor-saving and diagnostic advantages in the identification of urinary disease over more qualitative routine screening methods.  相似文献   

16.
Samples of switch hair, blood, and urine were obtained periodically over 5.5 months from 11 Angus and 13 Angus-Charolais cows grazing either all-grass or grass-legume swards. Liver samples were obtained at the end of the study. Hair growth rate and mineral concentrations in switch hair (magnesium [Mg], copper [Cu]), blood serum (Mg, Cu), urine (Mg), and liver (Cu) were determined. Significant (P less than 0.05) hair-growth rate differences were observed among sampling periods (daily mean = 0.58 +/- 0.01 mm). Angus black-pigmented switch hair contained more (P less than 0.001) Mg than did the light-pigmented Angus-Charolais hair. The effect of season was observed on hair Mg and Cu and on serum Mg (P less than 0.01). Serum and hair Mg concentration correlated in both breed groups after removal of individual cow treatment effects (Angus: r = 0.58, P less than 0.001, n = 64; Angus-Charolais: r = 0.46, P less than 0.001, n = 76). Likewise, urine Mg and hair Mg concentrations correlated (Angus: r = 0.35, P less than 0.05, n = 53; Angus-Charolais: r = 0.26, P less than 0.05, n = 63). Sward type had a pronounced effect on serum and urine Mg concentrations and a slight effect on hair Mg concentrations (P less than 0.10) only during midsummer. Cattle with switch hair Mg values less than 25 to 30 mg (light pigmentation) and 100 to 125 mg (black pigmentation)/kg of dry matter (DM) may be hypomagnesemic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
Feline leukaemia virus status of Australian cats with lymphosarcoma   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
OBJECTIVE: To determine the FeLV status of sera and tumours from Australian cats with lymphosarcoma in relation to patient characteristics, tumour characteristics (tissue involvement, histological grade and immunophenotype), haematological and biochemical values. DESIGN: Prospective study of 107 client-owned cats with naturally-occurring lymphosarcoma. PROCEDURE: An ELISA was used to detect FeLV p27 antigen in serum specimens collected from cats with lymphosarcoma. A PCR was used to detect FeLV DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections containing neoplastic lymphoid cells. The PCR was designed to amplify a highly conserved region of the untranslated long terminal repeat of FeLV provirus. RESULTS: Only 2 of 107 cats (2%), for which serum samples were available, were FeLV-positive on the basis of detectable p27 antigen in serum. In contrast, 25 of 97 tumours (26%) contained FeLV DNA. Of the 86 cats for which both PCR and ELISA data were available, 19(22%) had FeLV provirus in their tumours but no detectable circulating FeLV antigen in serum, while 2 (2%) had FeLV provirus and circulating FeLV antigen. FeLV PCR-positive/ELISA-negative cats (19) differed from PCR-negative/ELISA-negative cats (65) in having fewer B-cell tumours (P = 0.06), more non B-/non T-cell tumours (P = 0.02) and comprising fewer non-Siamese/Oriental pure-bred cats (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of FeLV antigen or provirus was considerably lower in our cohort of cats compared with studies of lymphosarcoma conducted in the Northern hemisphere. This suggests that factors other than FeLV are important in the development of lymphosarcoma in many Australian cats. No firm conclusions could be drawn concerning whether FeLV provirus contributed to the development of lymphosarcoma in PCR-positive/ELISA-negative cats.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Hematological and biochemical values in cats naturally infected by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are not completely documented. Objective: Report differences in laboratory values between FIV‐ or FeLV‐infected and noninfected and between FIV‐ and FeLV‐infected cats. Animals: Three thousand seven hundred and eighty client‐owned cats tested for FIV and FeLV. Methods: Retrospective study. Evaluation of clinicopathologic changes in cats with defined FIV and FeLV status and for which laboratory data were available. Results: FIV‐infected cats were more likely to be neutropenic (odds ratio [OR]=3.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.1–6.2, P < .0001) and had lower serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase than control cats; serum total protein (8.1 ± 1.1 versus 7.6 ± 1.3 g/dL, P < .001) and γ‐globulin concentrations (2.2 ± 1.1 versus 1.7 ± 1.3 g/dL, P < .001) were higher than in uninfected cats. Compared with controls, FeLV‐infected cats had a higher risk of anemia (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.4–6.0, P < .0001), thrombocytopenia (OR = 5.0, 95% CI 3.0–8.4, P < .0001), neutropenia (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 2.1–6.1, P < .0001), lymphocytosis (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.6–4.8, P= .0002), and lower erythrocyte counts (6.13 ± 2.95 × 103 versus 8.72 ± 2.18 × 103/μL, P < .001), thrombocyte counts (253.591 ± 171.841 × 103 versus 333.506 ± 156.033 × 103/μL, P < .001), hematocrit (28.72 ± 12.86 versus 37.67 ± 8.90%, P < .001), hemoglobin and creatinine concentration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hematologic abnormalities are common in FeLV‐infected but not in FIV‐infected cats. Clinicopathologic abnormalities are less frequent in FIV‐infected cats and might reflect an unspecific immunologic response.  相似文献   

19.
BACKGROUND: Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been used in place of serum growth hormone quantification for identifying acromegaly in diabetic cats. The utility of IGF-I as a screening test for acromegaly has not been critically evaluated. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of serum IGF-I concentration for identifying acromegaly. HYPOTHESIS: Serum IGF-I is a useful screening test for acromegaly in diabetic cats. ANIMALS: A review was made of the medical records of 74 diabetic cats that had serum IGF-I quantified. The diabetes was classified as well controlled (15 cats), poorly controlled because of problems with the insulin treatment regimen, concurrent disease, or both (40), or poorly controlled with clinical findings consistent with acromegaly (19). METHODS: A review of medical records was made. RESULTS: Serum IGF-I concentration was significantly (P < .0001) increased in acromegalic diabetic cats, compared with well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetic cats. Sensitivity and specificity for serum IGF-I concentration were 84% (95%/ confidence interval [CI] = 60.4-96.6%) and 92% (95% CI = 81.3-97.2%), respectively. There was no significant correlation between serum IGF-I concentration and duration of insulin treatment (r = 0.23, P = .089), insulin dosage (r = 0.14, P = .30), age (r = 0.16, P = .12), and pituitary volume (r = 0.40, P = .11), but a modest correlation was found between serum IGF-I concentration and body weight (r = 0.48, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results support the use of serum IGF-I concentration as a screening test for acromegaly in diabetic cats that have clinical findings supportive of the disease.  相似文献   

20.
Hypokalemia in cats: 186 cases (1984-1987)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Retrospective review of serum biochemical data obtained from 501 cats over a 3-year period (1984-1987) indicated that 186 (37%) had hypokalemia (serum potassium concentration less than 4.1 mEq/L). After adjusting for disease diagnosis, cats fed either of 2 commercial diets were 4 times more likely to be hypokalemic than cats fed other diets. Odds ratios (OR; measure of association), adjusted for diet type, were calculated to determine the odds of hypokalemia for a given disease, compared with odds of normokalemia for the same disease. Chronic renal failure (OR = 14.4), hepatic disease (OR = 5.7), systemic infectious diseases (viral or bacterial; OR = 2.7), and neuromuscular or CNS disease (OR = 2.4) were all significantly associated (P less than 0.05) with the occurrence of hypokalemia. Significant differences in age or sex between hypokalemic and normokalemic cats were not found. Within the group of 186 hypokalemic cats, hypercholesterolemia (89 cats; 48%), hyperglycemia (88 cats; 47%), high serum urea nitrogen concentration (86 cats; 46%), hyperchloridemia (80 cats; 43%), and high serum creatinine concentration (73 cats; 39%) were the most common biochemical abnormalities. When disease diagnosis was compared among cats with severe hypokalemia (serum potassium concentration less than 3.0 mEq/L) and those with moderate hypokalemia, cats with severe hypokalemia were 3.5 times more likely to have chronic renal failure than cats with less severe hypokalemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

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