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为了解宁夏地区规模化牛场犊牛腹泻源产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希氏菌耐药和遗传变异情况，对分离得到的17株产ESBLs大肠埃希氏菌，采用K-B纸片法进行药物敏感性试验，采用脉冲场凝胶电泳进行分型研究。结果显示，17株分离株对试验药物多数呈耐药状态，对头孢拉定、四环素、阿莫西林3种药物完全耐药，其他药物的耐药性为70.24%～94.12%,只对阿米卡星、诺氟沙星敏感性较高。分离菌株可分为17个PFGE型，菌株间的相似度为67.5%～85.7%,无优势带型。宁夏地区犊牛腹泻源产ESBLs大肠埃希氏菌耐药性严重，遗传差异较大，但不同菌株存在着不同程度的亲缘关系。 相似文献
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为了研究东北地区健康鸡源大肠杆菌毒力基因的携带分布以及PFGE分子分型情况,试验采用PCR技术对413株鸡源大肠杆菌的4种毒力基因进行检测,并运用XbaⅠ酶进行酶切后完成PFGE分析,利用软件分析菌株间的相关性和遗传关系。结果表明,在检测的413株菌株中,fimH毒力基因携带率为77.72%,iucD毒力基因的检出率为56.42%,强致病性毒力岛(HPI)的标志基因fyuA和irp2毒力基因携带率分别为44.07%和43.83%;29株大肠杆菌呈现出28种不同的PFGE型,每一株菌被XbaⅠ消化为14~20条带,菌株相似度为30%~100%;多数菌株携带毒力基因,且毒力基因的类型较为复杂,PFGE分型结果具有多样性和差异性。提示应加强鸡源大肠杆菌毒力基因的检测以及分子分型研究,为大肠杆菌病等防控提供参考。 相似文献
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为了解我国鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的分子流行病学状况,利用PFGE分子分型方法,对2017年分离自山东、吉林、新疆、西藏等7个代表性区域的130株大肠杆菌分离株进行了分子分型研究。结果显示:130株大肠杆菌共分为105个带型,其中33株菌株的图谱相似度在90%以上;不同来源菌株的PFGE带型差别较明显,即使是相同来源菌株,PFGE带型差异同样显著,显示了分离株菌株的遗传多样性。本研究为指导我国鸡群大肠杆菌病防控以及鸡源致病性大肠杆菌引发疾病或食品安全突发事件的追踪溯源提供了依据。 相似文献
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猪源分离大肠埃希菌产ESBLs的基因型及耐药性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解上海地区规模化猪场分离的大肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的分离率、耐药性和基因型,收集2010年9月-2011年3月从上海地区10个规模化养猪场分离的296株大肠埃希菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验以及PCR技术分别检测TEM、CTX-M、OXA和SHV基因。在296株大肠埃希菌中,52株大肠埃希菌产ESBLs,产酶率为17．6％。在52株ESBLs菌株中,46株为TEM型,占88．5％;15株为CTX—M型,占28．8％;11株为同时携带TEM型和CTX—M型,占21．2％。大肠埃希菌产ESBLs株对10种常用抗菌药物的耐药性较为严重,而且存在多重耐药;上海地区猪源大肠埃希菌产ESBLs株流行的主要基因型为TEM型和CTX—M型。 相似文献
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为了解广东韶关地区鸡源大肠埃希氏菌的流行病学及其耐药性特点,本研究通过2022年对采集自广东韶关地区41个规模养鸡场和28个土鸡散养场的鸡喉头、肛门粪便、病死鸡的肝脏、心血、脾、肠道内容物共737份样品进行细菌分离纯化、病原菌的生化鉴定和药敏试验,研究广东韶关地区鸡源大肠埃希氏菌的流行病学及其耐药性特点。结果显示,541份样品分离到大肠埃希氏菌,检出率73.41%,总体泄殖腔大肠埃希氏菌检出率87.78%,咽喉部大肠埃希氏菌检出率58.24%,死鸡病料大肠埃希氏菌检出率78.38%,规模场大肠埃希氏菌检出率为73.72%,散养场大肠埃希氏菌检出率为73.01%。分离菌株普遍对阿奇霉素、头孢噻肟、阿米卡星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星敏感,对青霉素、氨苄西林、链霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、泰乐菌素、林可霉素、克林霉素耐药,多重耐药比高达79.71%。规模场分离菌多重耐药比为97.56%,散养场多重耐药比为53.57%。本研究为广东韶关地区鸡源大肠杆菌病的防控提供了参考。 相似文献
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为了明确目前广东省水禽源沙门菌的优势血清型及其分子流行病学动态,采用细菌分离纯化、生化特性鉴定和PCR扩增从316份样品中分离鉴定出188株水禽源沙门菌;采用玻片凝集法将分离株分为4(B、D、C1、E1)个群别8种血清型;采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型法对分离株进行分子分型,得到PFGE-XbaⅠ带型62种,菌株间相似度为54.1%~100.0%,分为A^I共9个聚类簇与11个单一基因型。结果表明,广东水禽源沙门菌优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌,PFGE-XbaⅠ带型具多样化,其中11种PFGE-XbaⅠ带型在区域和年份小范围集中流行,32种带型跨区域与跨时间交叉分布呈散在"流行暴发",不同血清型分离株的PFGE-XbaⅠ带型差异较大,相同血清型的分离株PFGE-XbaⅠ带型一般具有相同图谱型或聚类在一起。本研究采用PFGE法进行分子分型分析具有流行病学意义,并探明了本地沙门菌分离株血清型与分子分型的关系。 相似文献
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宠物源大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定和耐药性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查长春地区宠物源大肠埃希菌耐药流行情况,从2家宠物医院采集135份宠物肛拭子样品,分离和鉴定大肠埃希菌并进行多重PCR分群。测定大肠埃希菌分离株对19种抗菌药物的耐药性,并鉴定超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)表型。共分离鉴定获得95株宠物源大肠埃希菌,它们对氨苄西林和哌拉西林的耐药率最高(78.9%和76.8%);其次是四环素(61.6%);对头孢唑林、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的耐药率均超过了50%;所有分离株均对亚胺培南和美罗培南敏感。其中15个分离株对受试的抗菌药物全部敏感(15.8%),63株呈多重耐药表型(66.3%)。ESBLs型菌株占53.7%。本研究探明了长春地区宠物源大肠埃希菌的耐药流行情况,对宠物临床上用药具有指导价值。 相似文献
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鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌中氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药基因的检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性变化和钝化酶耐药基因的携带情况及耐药基因与耐药性的相关性,从陕西、河南、河北、山西、宁夏和甘肃6省(区)的部分规模化养鸡场的病、死鸡中分离鉴定320株致病性大肠埃希菌。采用K-B药敏纸片法检测分离菌对6种氨基糖苷类药物的敏感性,PCR方法检测6种氨基糖苷类钝化酶耐药基因,用DNA Star软件对获得的耐药基因序列与GenBank中的相关序列进行比对。结果显示,鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对庆大霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率分别为53.4%、49.3%、37.5%、34.7%、22.8%和5.3%,对妥布霉素和卡那霉素耐药率呈上升趋势,而对庆大霉素的耐药率虽呈下降趋势,但仍维持在40%以上。3重以上耐药菌株占80%(256/320)。氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因aac(3)-Ⅱ、aph(3′)-Ⅰ和aac(6′)-Ⅰ的检出率分别为50.9%、25.9%和3.1%,未检测到aac(3)-Ⅳ、ant(3′′)-Ⅰ和aph(3′)-Ⅱ基因。研究表明,分离的鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性普遍存在,以多重耐药为主,且对妥布霉素和卡那霉素的耐药性不断上升。耐药基因aac(3)-Ⅱ和aph(3′)-Ⅰ的检出率与其耐药性呈正相关。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献