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1.
光肩星天牛对干旱胁迫下复叶槭挥发物的嗅觉反应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对干旱胁迫下3a生复叶槭的挥发物进行了鉴定。当复叶槭受到干旱胁迫时，9种化合物释放量升高(包括：丁醇、戊醇、反—2—己烯—1—醛、顺—3—己烯—1—醇、戊醛、戊酸、己醛、己酸、苯乙酮)，而长叶烯释放量降低：复叶槭复水后苯乙酮升高，但其他挥发物释放量降低。通过GC—EAD检测了光肩星天牛对其中某些化合物的触角电位反应，并使用诱捕器和人工合成单体进行了田间生测实验。丁醇、戊醇和顺—3—己烯—1—醇能引起光肩星天牛的触角反应，这一结果在田间实验中得到了证实。这表明干旱胁迫在光肩星天牛选择寄主植物方面起着重要作用。 相似文献
2.
【目的】元宝枫、雪松是华北地区常见的绿化树种,阔叶树和针叶树的典型代表,研究其挥发物释放规律并分析其对环境的影响,通过树种合理配置,科学指导绿地游憩林建设,创造更有利于人体健康的绿地环境。【方法】采用固相微萃取结合气质联用仪( SPME-GC-MS),选择生长健康的多年生元宝枫、雪松植株,摘取当年生向阳叶片与枝叶,在7月中旬从8：00—次日5：00,每隔3 h测定其挥发物成分与含量,同时同步测定植株生长环境的温度与湿度。采用 SPSS软件对各数据进行整理分析。【结果】1)元宝枫叶片挥发物主要成分是 C6,C8的酯、醇、醛和萜烯类化合物,乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸己酯、3－己烯醇、3－己烯醛和β－石竹烯约占挥发物总量的70.0%以上,使叶片呈现青叶香。各化合物的释放规律不同,主要成分 C8酯类化合物释放高峰在14：00,低谷在5：00; C15倍半萜类化合物释放呈现“2峰2谷”型,高峰在17：00和5：00左右,低谷出现在8：00和23：00左右。相关分析表明,3－己烯醛与3－己烯醇极显著正相关,乙酸叶醇酯与3－己烯醛、3－己烯醇极显著负相关,其他挥发物间无显著相关。2)雪松枝叶挥发物主要是萜烯类物质,相对含量达84.0%以上,主要成分是α、β－蒎烯、β－月桂烯、D －柠檬烯、β－石竹烯、吉马烯 D,使雪松枝叶呈现树脂香。各化合物的释放规律亦不同,大多数单萜物质如α、β－蒎烯、β－月桂烯、D－柠檬烯等,释放高峰在14：00左右,低谷出现在23：00—次日2：00;倍半萜类物质如β－石竹烯、吉马烯 D释放高峰在17：00和2：00,23：00和5：00则达最低。相关分析表明,α、β－蒎烯、β－月桂烯、D －柠檬烯等4种单萜化合物相关性较高;β－石竹烯与吉马烯 D 极显著相关,与单萜无显著相关。3)挥发物的释放除具有昼夜节律外也受到外界环境的影响,相关分析表明,挥发物总峰面积与温度呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关。【结论】元宝枫叶片挥发物以 C8的酯类为主,雪松枝叶挥发物以 C10,C15的萜烯类为主,这与挥发物合成途径有关,各挥发物释放具有不同的昼夜节律性。通常在一定范围内随温度升高、相对湿度减小,挥发物释放量增加。 相似文献
3.
杉木干燥过程中的有机挥发物释放 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用小型干燥机干燥木材,在冰浴中用酸化的2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液和去离子水分别对尾气中醛类和有机酸、醇类采样,用活性炭管对萜烯类采样,采用高效液相色谱仪和气相色谱仪对有机挥发物进行分析.结果表明:杉木干燥释放的主要物质是甲醇、乙酸和甲酸,其次是乙醛、甲醛、丙烯醛/丙酮;萜烯类挥发物主要有α-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、β-水芹烯.杉木高温干燥释放的醛类和酸、醇类挥发物远高于常规干燥,高温和常规干燥中挥发物总量分别为91.7 g·m-3和29.9 g·m-3,但萜烯类挥发物总量差异很小.木材干燥终含水率对醛类和有机酸、醇类释放量影响较大,对萜烯类释放量影响较小.甲醛高温干燥时随含水率降低释放速率增大,其他物质在高温和常规干燥时的释放速率随含水率减少呈下降趋势. 相似文献
4.
马尾松诱导挥发性有机化合物的快速变化 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对马尾松进行未受害、接虫咬食为害、人工剪叶3种处理后,按不同的时间序列取样,用TCT-GC-MS分析叶片挥发物的成分及相对含量.结果表明:1)不同受害方式对马尾松挥发物的释放有不同影响.人工剪叶检测出的挥发物种类略少于虫害;释放高峰早于虫害.2)同一受害方式的不同受害程度对挥发物的快速诱导变化不同.与对照相比,轻度虫害后莰烯、β-蒎烯、水芹烯、石竹烯、(E)-法尼烯在1 h升高,但挥发物相对含量出现高峰的时间没有明显的规律性,而重度虫害后三环萜、月桂烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、水芹烯、石竹烯24 h达到高峰;人工剪叶使马尾松轻度受害后,有些挥发物1 h达到高峰,有些24 h后才升至最高,相对含量出现高峰的时间没有明显的规律性;而人工剪叶重度损伤后,挥发物出现释放高峰的时间多在1 h或2 h.3)在整个快速诱导过程中,挥发物β-蒎烯的相对含量明显升高,72 h仍高于对照,说明该化合物在马尾松的诱导抗性中具有重要作用. 相似文献
5.
虫害诱导的家榆挥发物对榆紫叶甲寄主选择行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用动态顶空采样法结合气相色谱-质谱分析技术(GC-MS)研究受榆紫叶甲成虫危害的家榆挥发物的变化情况,并利用触角电位和"Y"型嗅觉仪比较分析榆紫叶甲雌雄成虫对主要成分的触角电生理和行为反应特点.结果表明:受榆紫叶甲成虫危害的家榆释放19种成分,其中顺-3-己烯醇、α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、顺-3-乙酸叶醇酯、芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、石竹烯、α-法尼烯和(E,E)-4,8,12-三甲基-1,3,7,11-十三碳四烯(TMTT)9种化合物与健康家榆相比有显著差异.除了TMTT,对其余8种化学标准品进行生测的结果表明:雌性成虫对顺-3-己烯醇、芳樟醇和α-法尼烯有较强的趋性反应,而雄性成虫对α-法尼烯和石竹烯的趋性反应较强.这可为应用引诱剂进行田间监测和控制榆紫叶甲的危害提供理论依据. 相似文献
6.
4种木材常温下醛和萜烯挥发物的释放 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用高效液相色谱仪和气相色谱仪分析4种木材(杉木、杨木、马尾松和尾叶桉)中有机挥发物的成分及含量,结果表明:4种木材生材常温均可释放多种醛和萜烯挥发物,其中乙醛的释放量最高;杉木和杨木释放的醛类明显高于马尾松和尾叶桉;杉木释放的萜烯类明显高于其他3种木材;温度由20 ℃上升到40 ℃,杉木醛类和萜烯类释放量显著增加. 相似文献
7.
以兴安落叶松刨花和脲醛树脂胶黏剂为原料,采用正交试验法研究热压温度、热压时间、施胶量、密度工艺因子对刨花板甲醛和其他挥发性有机化合物释放量的影响.结果表明:热压温度、热压时间、施胶量和密度4个工艺因子对刨花板甲醛的释放及其他有机挥发物的释放均影响显著;提高热压温度、延长热压时间、降低板密度能显著降低甲醛及有机挥发物的释放量;综合考虑甲醛及其他有机挥发物释放量确定优化工艺因子为热压温度180℃,热压时间37.5 s·min-1,施胶量11%,密度0.6 g·cm-3,压制出的刨花板甲醛及其他有机挥发物释放量明显下降,满足GB 18580-2001的要求. 相似文献
8.
松针叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏挥发物质化学组成的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
松针叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中挥发物质含量与树种有关。分析鉴定表明：马尾松叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中挥发物质含量为２％～４％，从该挥发物质分离出的３０个色谱峰中鉴定出２４个化合物，其中主要成分为ａ－蒎烯（２１．２４％）、β－蒎烯（９．６３％）和长叶烯（２１．８３％）。鉴定出的组分占总挥发物质的９４．１２％；赤松叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中挥发物质的含量为３％～５％。从该挥发物质分离出的３０个色谱峰中鉴定出２４个化合物，其中主要成分为ａ－揽香烯（２１．９０％）、ａ－香柠檬烯（１４．１６％）和长叶烯（９．７０％），已鉴定组分占总挥发物质的９５．８９％；樟子松叶绿素。胡萝卜素软膏中挥发物质的含量为４％～６％，从该挥发物质分离出的３０个色谱峰中鉴定出２４个化合物，其中主要成分为、木罗烯（１６．２３％）、ａ－草烯（９．２４％）和乙酸龙脑酯（８．２０％）等，鉴定出的组分占总挥发物质的９４．００％ 相似文献
9.
[目的]了解黄连木叶片挥发性物质释放的日变化动态和季节变化动态,对黄连木叶片挥发性物质成分和相对含量进行比较分析,为黄连木叶片挥发性物质的利用提供理论依据.[方法]随机选取5株成年黄连木,分别于2008年春季(5月)、夏季(7月)、秋季(10月)选择天气晴朗的1天,在9:00,12:00,15:00,18:00和21:00采集树冠外围受光一致、健康无损的复叶,利用静态顶空进样与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法,对叶片释放挥发性物质的成分和相对含量进行日动态变化和季节动态变化的测定分析.[结果]黄连木叶片释放的挥发性物质主要包括顺式-β-罗勒烯、反式-β-罗勒烯、香芹烯、3-蒈烯、α-松节烯、β-月桂烯等单萜类化合物及少量的醇类、酮类、酯类化合物,其中萜烯类化合物占总排量的85％以上.1年中,萜烯类化合物的释放动态趋势为夏季(93.6％)＞秋季(89.2％)＞春季(85.9％),而萜烯类化合物的种类在春季最多(59种),其次是夏季(52种),而秋季最少(50种);醇类物质的释放量在春季最多,夏季和秋季的释放量相近;酯类、烷烃类和醛类物质均为夏季的释放量最少,春季的释放量多于秋季;而酮类物质的释放量在不同季节中没有明显变化.就主要的萜烯类物质的释放量而言,顺式-β-罗勒烯为春季＞夏季＞秋季,反式-β-罗勒烯为秋季＞春季＞夏季,而香芹烯则为秋季＞夏季＞春季,α-松节烯和β-月桂烯的释放量基本保持不变,3-蒈烯为夏季＞春季＞秋季.1天中,萜烯类化合物的释放总量呈现先增多后降低的趋势,并在15:00释放量达到最大,而早晚的释放量则较小.就几种主要的萜烯类物质的释放量而言,香芹烯、反式-β-罗勒烯和顺式-β-罗勒烯无论在春季、夏季或者秋季,其释放量均在15:00达到最高;α-松节烯在春季和秋季,15:00达到最大水平,而夏季12:00其释放量已达到最大;β-月桂烯的相对含量除了春季18:00略有下降外,其他时间均保持不变;3-蒈烯1天中的释放量在春季和秋季基本保持不变,但夏季呈先增多后减少的趋势,并于12:00释放量达到最大.[结论]萜烯类化合物是黄连木叶片释放的主要挥发性物质,其年释放动态变化趋势为夏季＞秋季＞春季,日释放量动态变化趋势为15:00＞ 12:00＞ 18:00 ＞9:00＞21:00. 相似文献
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本实验采用动态顶空吸附法和自动热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用技术(ATD-GC/MS)对女贞枝叶挥发物进行研究。结果表明:第一,女贞枝叶挥发性物质主要组分为酯、烯烃、醇和醛类化合物,相对含量超过5%的成分有乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸己酯、叶醇、1R-a-蒎烯,对人体有益的挥发性成分的总相对含量达到70%以上,说明女贞具有较高的保健功能,可以作为良好的绿化保健树种加以推广;第二,机械损伤前后女贞枝叶挥发物的主要组分相同,但挥发性物质的组成发生变化,与自然状态下相比,增加的组分包括二氢月桂烯醇、长叶环烯、对-薄荷-1,4(8)-孟二烯、2-甲基-丙酸丁酯、减少的组分包括糠醛、2-甲基-4-戊烯醛、庚醛、水杨醛、1-辛烯、苯乙烯、反-2-己烯醇、甲酸己酯、1-甲基萘、(1,1'-联环戊基)-2-酮;第三,机械损伤后女贞挥发物组成中,对人体有益的挥发性成分的总相对含量达77.36%,呈增加趋势,且对人体作用较大的萜烯类化合物在总挥发物中所占比例增大,总相对含量达24.67%,说明机械损伤后女贞释放出了更多对人体有益的挥发性成分。
相似文献
11.
Fan Hui Li Jiquan Jin YoujuCollege of Biological Sciences Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing P. R. China 《中国林学(英文版)》2003,(1)
Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (BAG) responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde and trans-2-hexenl-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three compounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-l-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-l-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantly attractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either BAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound are markedly influenced by the concentration. 相似文献
12.
Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Adult Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) to Volatile Components of Host-Plant 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple(Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (EAG)responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde andtrans-2-hexen-1-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three com-pounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-1-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-1-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantlyattractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either EAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound aremarkedly influenced by the concentration. 相似文献
13.
《林业研究》2020,(5)
Boxelder maple(Acer negundo L.) is widely grown as ornamental trees in China. In 2017 in Pizhou,Jiangsu Province, China, the boxelder maple trees suffered from a disease which caused wilting and yellowing leaves,rotted roots, and discolored xylem. The disease broke out from July to August. Seven fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissue and tested for pathogenicity.Isolate An7 was isolated at high frequency from the discolored vascular tissues, which caused the wilt disease on healthy 2-year-old seedlings after inoculation and eventually killed all the seedlings. We conducted molecular analysis for An7, including the partial sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer, calmodulin, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit and the translation elongation factor 1-a and evaluation of the variously sized conidia, chlamydospores and conidiophores and cultural traits. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium nirenbergiae, a member of the Fusarium oxysporum speciescomplex. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F.nirenbergiae causing wilt on A. negundo in China. 相似文献
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15.
Components of dehydration tolerance, including osmotic potential at full turgor (Psi(pio)) and osmotic adjustment (lowering of Psi(pio)), of several deciduous species were investigated in a mature, upland oak forest in eastern Tennessee. Beginning July 1993, the trees were subjected to one of three throughfall precipitation treatments: ambient, ambient minus 33% (dry treatment), and ambient plus 33% (wet treatment). During the dry 1995 growing season, leaf water potentials of all species declined to between -2.5 and -3.1 MPa in the dry treatment. There was considerable variation in Psi(pio) among species (-1.0 to -2.0 MPa). Based on Psi(pio) values, American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), dogwood (Cornus florida L.), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) were least dehydration tolerant, red maple (A. rubrum L.) was intermediate in tolerance, and white oak (Quercus alba L.) and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.) were most tolerant. During severe drought, overstory chestnut oak and understory dogwood, red maple and chestnut oak displayed osmotic adjustment (-0.12 to -0.20 MPa) in the dry treatment relative to the wet treatment. (No osmotic adjustment was evident in understory red maple and chestnut oak during the previous wet year.) Osmotic potential at full turgor was generally correlated with leaf water potential, with both declining over the growing season, especially in species that displayed osmotic adjustment. However, osmotic adjustment was not restricted to species considered dehydration tolerant; for example, dogwood typically maintained high Psi(pio) and displayed osmotic adjustment to drought, but had the highest mortality rates of the species studied. Understory saplings tended to have higher Psi(pio) than overstory trees when water availability was high, but Psi(pio) of understory trees declined to values observed for overstory trees during severe drought. We conclude that Psi(pio) varies among deciduous hardwood species and is dependent on canopy position and soil water potential in the rooting zone. 相似文献
16.
Acer negundo Sarg. (box elder) is a dioecious tree species that dominates riparian systems at mid elevations throughout the southwest and Intermountain West of the United States. Previous studies have shown that female A. negundo trees occur at higher frequencies along stream margins, whereas males occur at higher frequencies in drier microsites. To better understand the adaptive significance of sex ratio biases and their impact on the ecohydrology of riparian ecosystems, we examined whole-plant water relations and hydraulic properties of mature male and female A. negundo trees occurring within 1 m of a perennial stream channel. We hypothesized that (1) females would have significantly greater canopy water fluxes than males (particularly during periods of seed production: May-June), and (2) xylem in females is more hydraulically efficient but more vulnerable to cavitation than xylem in males. Mean sap flux density (J(s)) during the early growing season (May and June) was 43% higher in female trees than in male trees (n = 6 and 7 trees respectively, P < 0.0001). Mean J(s) in July and August remained 17% higher in females than in males (P = 0.0009). Mean canopy stomatal conductance per unit leaf area (g(s,leaf)) in May and June was on average 140% higher in females than in males (P < 0.0001). Mean g(s,leaf) in July and August remained 69% higher in female trees than in male trees (P < 0.0001). Canopy stomatal conductance scaled to basal area was 90 and 31% higher in females relative to males during May-June and July-August, respectively (P < 0.0001 during both periods). Conversely, there were no apparent differences in either branch hydraulic conductance or branch xylem cavitation vulnerability between genders. These results improve our capacity to describe the adaptive forces that shape the spatial distribution of male and female trees in dioecious species, and their consequences for ecohydrological processes in riparian ecosystems. 相似文献
17.
We examined the extent of osmotic adjustment and the changes in relative water content (RWC) and transpiration rate (i.e., relative stomatal function) that occur in water-deficit-conditioned 6-year-old Thuja occidentalis L. (eastern white cedar) trees in response to a severe drought. Trees conditioned by successive cycles of mild or moderate nonlethal water stress (conditioning) and nonconditioned trees were exposed to drought (i.e., -2.0 MPa predawn water potential) to determine if water deficit conditioning enhanced tolerance to further drought stress. Following drought, all trees were well watered for 11 days to evaluate how quickly osmotic potential, RWC and transpiration rate returned to preconditioning values. Both nonconditioned trees and mildly conditioned trees exhibited similar responses to drought, whereas moderately conditioned trees maintained higher water potentials and transpiration rates were 38% lower. Both conditioned and nonconditioned trees exhibited a similar degree of osmotic adjustment (-0.39 MPa) in response to drought relative to the well-watered control trees. The well-watered control trees, nonconditioned trees and mildly conditioned trees had similar leaf RWCs that were about 3% lower than those of the moderately conditioned trees. Following the 11-day stress relief, there were no significant differences in osmotic potential between the well-watered control trees and any of the drought-treated trees. Daily transpiration rates and water potential integrals (WPI) of all drought-treated trees approached those of the well-watered control trees during the stress relief period. However, the relationship between cumulative transpiration and WPI showed that previous exposure to drought stress reduced transpiration rates. Leaf RWC of the moderately conditioned trees remained slightly higher than that of the nonconditioned and mildly conditioned trees. 相似文献
18.
Michael Farrell 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(3):631-641
This paper examines the maple syrup production potential of American forests by analyzing Forest Inventory & Analysis (FIA) data provided by the US Forest Service on the resource of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees in twenty states. The analysis is based on tree species and size (diameter at breast height, or dbh), ownership category, jurisdiction, the density of maple trees in a stand, and the distance of the stand to an access road. Although there are over 2 billion sugar and red maple trees of tappable size growing in US forests, when narrowed down according to the attributes of an optimal ‘sugarbush’, there are 100 million potential taps from sugar maples alone and 286 million potential taps with sugar and red maples combined. Overall, 45 % of the tappable-size maple trees are found in stands whose density is not high enough to support commercial sap extraction whereas only 6 % are found in stands that are at least 1.6 km from an access road. The ten states with commercial maple syrup industries have a much higher percentage of their maple trees occurring in stands of optimal density and also contain a higher percentage of sugar maple than red maple trees. States that are utilizing the highest percentage of their potential sugarbushes include Vermont and Maine, whereas states that have significant room for expansion include Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania. 相似文献
19.
To assess the influence of stream water on leaf gas exchange and water potential in different sized boxelder trees (Acer negundo L.), we compared these characteristics in trees growing beside a perennial stream and a nearby ephemeral stream in a montane-riparian forest in northern Arizona. Patterns of tree water use were quantified by stable isotope analysis (delta(18)O). Physiological characteristics were similar for large and small trees. Similarity between sites in predawn and daytime water potentials and xylem delta(18)O indicated that stream water was not a physiologically important water source. Seasonal and site variations in light-saturated net photosynthetic rate were significantly related to leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (r = -0.691) and foliar nitrogen concentration (r = 0.388). Although deep water was the dominant water source, surface soil water was utilized following precipitation, especially by small trees. We conclude that net carbon gain and severity of water stress are only weakly coupled to stream water availability. 相似文献