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甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源是甜菜种质资源中具有褐斑病抗性基因并且能稳定传递给子代的种质资源,是甜菜抗褐斑病育种工作的物质基础,也是农业可持续发展的战略资源。甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源研究的主要内容包括对甜菜品种的收集、鉴定与评价、保存、利用以及抗性遗传基因的克隆及利用。为了使人们更加清晰的了解甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的研究状况。本文综述了甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的收集、鉴定与评价、保存、利用及分子方面的研究,并对我国未来种质资源的研究作出展望。以期为以后甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的研究提供方向。 相似文献
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分子标记技术在甜菜育种中的应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
分子标记技术与常规育种技术相互紧密结合能显著提高育种效率。为了更好地阐明分子标记在甜菜育种中的作用,总结了国内外分子标记在甜菜亲缘关系及遗传多样性研究、遗传连锁图谱构建、数量性状基因定位（QTL）、分子标记辅助选择育种、杂种优势及种质鉴定中的研究现状和存在的问题。指出建立相应的高效分子标记辅助选育体系,创造出高产、优质、多抗或具广谱抗性的甜菜种质或品种是甜菜分子育种的研究方向。当前甜菜种质资源鉴定的关键任务是大力开发新型的分子标记进行甜菜种质资源遗传分析,绘制指纹图谱、进一步构建甜菜种质分子身份证。今后应加强对甜菜重要农艺性状基因进行精细定位,充分发掘QTL的信息,构建更为饱和的分子标记连锁图谱。 相似文献
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利用核心种质发挥及评价花生抗黄曲霉资源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄曲霉菌极大地限制全世界的花生生产和产业发展,且生产上抗性品种较少,我国花生育种和生产中的抗性资源缺乏,迫切需要发掘抗黄曲霉菌种质。本研究以中国花生核心种质561份和ICRISAT微核心种质155份,鉴定了黄曲霉侵染和产毒抗性,发掘出抗黄曲霉侵染和产毒种质各8份,包括具优良农艺性状的抗黄曲霉产毒种质51002-6。鉴定结果表明,ICRISAT花生微核心种质中抗黄曲霉侵染和产毒种质的频率高于中国花生核心种质;普通型花生资源中抗黄曲霉侵染种质的频率较高,龙生型资源中抗黄曲霉产毒种质的频率较高。根据SSR分析,鉴定出与生产上推广应用的优良品种中花5号、中花6号、中花12和远杂9102遗传距离较远的抗黄曲霉产毒种质ICG12625和抗侵染种质ICG4750,拓宽了我国花生品种改良的遗传基础。根据抗病基因产物的NBS类型保守域设计简并引物对抗黄曲霉种质的DNA进行PCR扩增、克隆、测序和分析,获得了1条RGA片段。 相似文献
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中国甜菜主要种质资源抗病性鉴定与评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
旨在鉴定与评价不同生态区甜菜主要种质资源的抗病性,为种质资源在抗病育种上科学有效利用提供依据。以甜菜3个生态区的313份主要种质资源为试材,在自然发病条件下,按照甜菜的规范标准,调查种质的发病级数,计算病情指数,划分抗性级别。鉴定出高抗甜菜褐斑病种质资源85份、抗病89份,抗甜菜根腐病种质资源11份,抗甜菜丛根病种质资源3份,抗甜菜白粉病种质资源28份。同时鉴定出兼抗2种病害的种质资源,高抗褐斑病兼抗根腐病种质资源5份、抗褐斑病兼抗根腐病种质资源5份、抗褐斑病兼抗丛根病种质资源2份,高抗褐斑病兼抗白粉病种质资源20份。结果表明,中国甜菜种质资源比较匮乏,除抗褐斑病种质资源外,抗根腐病、丛根病和白粉病的资源不但数量少,而且抗性级别低。 相似文献
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为了研究甜菜抗丛根病育种的抗性基因来源以及作用特点,笔者归纳了甜菜丛根病抗性的来源,包括Alba抗性源、Rizor和Holly抗性源、WB42抗性源、WB41和WB258抗性源以及R36抗性源,并介绍了5种甜菜丛根病的抗性基因特点。另外,对甜菜抗丛根病资源的育成方法进行了总结,包括回交、杂交和轮回选择。通过这些方法将携带抗丛根病资源的甜菜整合至适应性高的甜菜种质资源上,从而获得理想的抗性资源。针对甜菜抗丛根病育种过程中培育和选择甜菜丛根病抗性基因型的过程缓慢、费力且昂贵,以及具有抗性基因品种的抗性易被破坏的情况,现提出如下解决策略：（1）通过分子标记来选择理想的甜菜新品种;（2）不断鉴定新的抗性基因,并将其整合到甜菜的基因库中;（3）开发新抗源,通过鉴定其他基因座上与先前发现的抗性基因的等位基因,为释放具有足够抗性的品种提供机会。抗甜菜丛根病育种的下一个挑战将会是将新的抗性基因导入育种材料,并通过将不同基因座上的多个抗性基因聚合到育种系中进行组合,以最大限度地提高甜菜对丛根病的抗性水平。 相似文献
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为了鉴定抗麦长管蚜优异的小麦种质资源,以30份小麦种质为研究对象,利用田间自然感蚜和叶绿素含量的测定的方法,获得抗性的种质资源25份。通过小麦种质资源抗蚜性与叶绿素含量的相关性分析可知,两者的r=0.2974,可得小麦种质资源抗性与叶绿素含量之间有很弱的正相关,叶绿素含量对小麦种质资源抗蚜性的影响不大,因而不能只根据小麦叶片颜色判断小麦种植资源的抗蚜性。通过对小麦种质资源的抗蚜性和叶绿素含量的相关性分析,揭示了种质资源抗蚜性和叶绿素含量之间的关系,为小麦抗蚜育种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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花生黄曲霉侵染抗性的AFLP标记 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
本研究利用抗、感黄曲霉菌侵染的花生品种为亲本配制杂交组合“J11×中花5号”,以其F2分离群体为研究材料，采用AFLP技术和BSA分析方法，获得了与花生黄曲霉菌侵染抗性连锁的2个分子标记，标记与抗性间的遗传距离分别为8.8 cM和6.6 cM;利用获得的分子标记对抗、感黄曲霉的花生种质资源进行了分子鉴定，实验结果表明分子标记与抗性鉴定结果具有较高的一致性，证实了两标记应用于研究群体之外的育种潜力。该抗侵染分子标记的建立为开展花生抗黄曲霉辅助选择育种提供了有效的筛选技术。 相似文献
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T. L. Friesen J. J. Weiland M. L. Aasheim S. Hunger D. C. Borchardt R. T. Lewellen 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(2):167-172
Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) is an aphid transmitted, viral disease of beet found worldwide. The Bm gene, a resistance gene effective against BtMV, was identified in the sugar beet line 8500 and backcrossed into a C37 background to produce line C719. Three populations were developed from the cross of line C719 with the susceptible line C37 with the intent of developing markers for use in marker‐assisted selection. The F2 progeny of three crosses were scored for resistance. Two of the three populations conformed to a 3 : 1 ratio, indicating a single gene trait. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were developed by using bulked segregant analysis combined with random amplified polymorphic DNA type markers. The markers showed close association to the Bm resistance gene and were effective in all three populations. The A1 allele for genetic male sterility also was found to be associated with Bm and the SCAR marker. Development of a single‐nucleotide polymorphism marker from the SCAR sequence was used to validate linkage to chromosome 1 using separate mapping populations. This marker will be useful for the introgression of the Bm gene into germplasm. 相似文献
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The action of three Beet yellows virus resistance QTLs depends on alleles at a novel genetic locus that controls symptom development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Beet yellows virus (BYV) can dramatically reduce yield from sugar beet crops. A BYV resistant plant from a Beta germplasm accession was crossed with a sugar beet plant to generate the segregating population BYV1. This population was evaluated for BYV resistance and analysed with amplified fragment length polymorphism and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers to identify resistance loci. At 2 weeks after inoculation a number of plants displayed either mosaic or vein-clearing disease symptoms on infected leaves. The locus that largely controlled this disease reaction was mapped to chromosome IV. We refer to this novel genetic locus as Vc1 . Three BYV resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified and mapped to chromosomes III, V and VI. QTL mapping results suggested that the chromosome III and V QTLs acted only in plants with mosaic symptoms and that the chromosome VI QTL acted only in plants with the mosaic symptom allele of Vc1 . These findings agreed with further statistical tests using general linear model analysis. There is now the potential to breed for BYV resistance using molecular marker technology. 相似文献
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M. K. Grimmer K. M. R. Bean M. C. Luterbacher M. Stevens M. J. C. Asher 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(3):315-318
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L.) has a relatively narrow genetic base and several programmes have sought to evaluate the potential for introducing novel traits from wild and cultivated Beta germplasm into the crop. In particular, resistance to important sugar beet diseases has been identified within individual Beta accessions. We report here the successful transfer of resistance to Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) from garden beet, fodder beet and leaf beet accessions to progeny populations in initial crosses with sugar beet. Twelve plant populations derived from different Beta accessions were inoculated with viruliferous aphids carrying BMYV and the virus content of individual plants subsequently quantified by an ELISA test. Seven populations were significantly more resistant than a control sugar beet cultivar (P ≤ 0.05). BMYV resistance was successfully inherited in BC1 and BC2 generations, suggesting that resistance could potentially be introgressed from these sources into elite sugar beet lines. 相似文献
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甜菜抗病品种产生抗性的土壤微生物机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究以甜菜和根腐病为研究对象,分析了不同品种以及不同发病程度甜菜中土壤微生物群落组成、结构以及功能的变化,以期获得抗性品种、发病程度和根际微生物相互间的关系,揭示抗病品种的土壤微生物机制。利用抗病型和感病型两种甜菜品种作为研究对象,并从2种品种中分别选取了发病轻和发病重的甜菜根际土壤样品,通过Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对根际土壤细菌和真菌群落进行测定。结果发现：发病较轻的甜菜根际土壤微生物（细菌和真菌）和抗病型甜菜根际土壤真菌的多样性相对较高。NMDS分析表明甜菜品种能显著影响土壤真菌的群落结构,而发病程度则能同时明显改变细菌与真菌的群落结构。在根际微生物富集方面,抗病型甜菜根际富集了假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、节杆菌(Arthrobacter)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)等有益细菌,而感病型甜菜中则富集了较多的病原微生物-尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。另外,发病较轻样品中富集了较多的未分类的酸杆菌纲属、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter)、未分类的放线菌纲属、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)等有益细菌。除此以外,FUNGuild功能预测表明,感病型甜菜和发病较重样品中检测到更多的植物病原菌。抗病品种和健康植株根际微生物虽然在种类上不同,但是其根际均聚集了大量的有益微生物,而感病型品种和发病严重植株则更容易在根围定殖病原微生物。抗病品种的抗病机理之一是植物生长过程中招募了更多的有益细菌作为抵御病原菌的侵染第一道防线。本研究从土壤微生物组的角度对抗病品种抗性机制进行了阐明,充实了抗病品种抗性产生的理论机制。 相似文献
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The assessment of genetic diversity and structuration of germplasm is essential for the efficient organization of breeding
material. The objectives of the study were to (i) examine the population structure of elite sugar beet germplasm, (ii) investigate
genetic diversity within and among subgroups of elite sugar beet germplasm, and (iii) assess the extent of linkage disequilibrium
(LD) within elite sugar beet germplasm. A total of 111 and 178 inbred lines from the seed and pollen parent (SP and PP) heterotic
gene pools, respectively, which had been genotyped with 23 SSR markers, were used in this study. Two distinct subgroups were
detected within the entire germplasm set by STRUCTURE and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). This observation was not expected
because the SP heterotic pool of sugar beet was developed out of the PP heterotic pool in the late 1970s. Our observation
of high LD in elite sugar beet germplasm suggests that association mapping will be possible in the examined germplasm set
using a relatively low numbers of markers. However, to reduce the problem of false-positive marker-phenotype association,
it might be necessary to examine the subgroups separately or apply association mapping methods which take into account this
structure. 相似文献