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温州名木古树资源及其开发利用价值 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
温州名木古树资源极为丰富,据调查已鉴定名木古树有１０４种,隶属４０科７５属;地理成份复杂、热带、亚热带成份占优势;并拥有较多的孑遗种、特有种、单种属;具有古、稀、奇特色;同时还拥有较多的国家级保护树种、创分布新记录和温州特有种。为温州市现代林业的发展提供了科学的依据和丰富的物种基因库,为温州市旅游风景资源展示了自然美的珍贵价值,又是为研究温州古代原始森林植被起源、演替、树种组成、结构特征和历史各进 相似文献
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城市森林与城市绿化可持续发展 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
针对目前城市绿化中存在的生态环境效能低下 ;绿化维护成本高 ;绿化的社会价值未能充分体现等主要问题 ,提出将城市森林建设作为城市绿化可持续发展的立足点。在阐明城市森林概念和范围的基础上 ,论述了城市森林的主要生态作用。并提出了城市森林建设的思路。 相似文献
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生态城市与城市绿化 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
良好地反映人与自然和谐发展关系 ,各项规划建设能以不使环境遭到破坏为标准 ,行为主体的活动能自觉地朝利于维护周围环境并融于自然的天然群落即为生态城市。城市绿化的作用在于改善气候、改善环境卫生、蓄水防洪、防灾减灾、美化环境、节约能源等。目前在我国城市绿化方面存在着以下问题 :①都市规划缺乏宏观性、全面性和远见性 ;②绿色城市观念没有在大多数市民中形成 ;③缺乏硬性绿化指标 ;④绿化模式脱离国情、市情 ;⑤园林水平与国外相比有较大差距 ;⑥修建大草坪热温度居高不下 ;⑦城市绿化简单化 ;⑧应该绿化可以绿化的地方尚未绿化 ;⑨绿化布局、比例不尽合理与和谐 ;⑩重种植轻管护。针对以上问题 ,提出了创建生态城市的建议 相似文献
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Water and nutrient dynamics and tree growth 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The balance in the investment of assimilate at any time into leaves and roots may depend on whether water, nutrients or radiation are limiting to growth. Also, for the same investment of assimilate into roots, the root configuration may range from intensive to extensive in both space and time, to take best advantage of the distribution and amount of water and nutrients. Intensive root configurations, which include mycorrhizas and proteoid roots, assist in the uptake of nutrients (such as phosphorus) which are rate-limiting in soil. Mycorrhizas may assist in water uptake in dry or coarse textured soils with low unsaturated hydraulic conductivities.
Adaptations which assist trees to survive in dry and nutrient-deficient environments are discussed. These mechanisms may reduce, maintain or increase growth. In production forestry, it is desirable to exploit those mechanisms which increase growth. When soil water and nutrients limit tree growth, productivity may be improved by increasing the amount of uptake of water and nutrients, or by increasing the efficiency by which they are used in growth. Maximizing water-use efficiency when soil water supply is limiting may be dependent on whether the trees are in mixed stands or in monoculture. Selecting trees with relatively less root may improve productivity in monocultures when weeds are controlled and fertilizer is added. It is well known that trees can ‘re-use’ nutrients by retranslocating them within the tree to zones of demand. Relatively little is known, though, about differences in the biochemical involvement of nutrients at the cellular and subcellular level which contribute to differences in nutrient-use efficiency in trees. 相似文献
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喷播绿化与喷播机械的技术概况 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
赵平 《林业机械与木工设备》1999,(11)
介绍了喷播绿化种植技术及部分国外喷播机械,分析了喷播机械的结构特征及应用范围,论述了喷播设备的国产化现状及存在的问题。 相似文献
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A rare naturally-occurring polyprenylated isoflavanone, designated ormosinol (1), and a new isoflavonoid glycoside, named ormosinoside (2), along with 21 known compounds were isolated from the root bark of Ormosia henryi Prain. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined as 5,7,2′,4′-tetrahydroxyl-6,8,5′-tri-(γ,γ-dimethylallyl)isoflavanone and isoprunetin-7-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside on the basis of a combination of 1D-, 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopic measurements. Compound 1 showed significant anti-oxidation activity against DPPH radicals (IC50 28.5 μM) and cancer cell line (A549, LAC, and HepG2) growth inhibitory activity with IC50 ranging from 4.25 to 7.09 μM, while compound 2 found to be inactive to both testing systems. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. Dietrich Fengel 《Wood Science and Technology》1991,25(3):153-177
Summary Aging of wood begins with the cutting of a tree. The subsequent changes of the wood substance proceed very slowly and depend on environmental conditions. In a hot, dry desert climate wooden objects and cellulose textiles are preserved for several millenia, whereas their degradation is accelerated by conditions which favor the attack of microorganisms.Two conditions under which aging processes take place can be distinguished: a) aerobic conditions as prevailing in wooden buildings, sculptures etc.; b) anaerobic conditions valid for wooden items buried in the ground or submerged in water such as foundation pillars, ships etc. Submersion and underground embedding initiate the very slow process of fossilization in which the cell wall substance is transformed into highly condensed compounds (coalification) or is substituted by minerals (silicification).The various wood components are subjected to different kinds of degradation and conversion. The polysaccharides disappear with aging and seem to be more sensitive than lignin. Although more resistant, the lignin is converted chemically and its structure differs increasingly from its original state. Even extractives may survive millions of years.Academy Lecture presented at the IAWA IUFRO Wood Anatomy Symposium 1990, in Zürich, Switzerland, on 24th July 1990I wish to express my gratitude to members of my staff who have been involved in the study of ancient and fossilized wood as well as of Egyptian linen for the past 23 years: Monika Friedl, Margarete Przyklenk, Manfred Stoll, Ulrike Wegener, Maria Wenzkowski. Many thanks to the guests in my laboratory who worked in this field and whose results were included in this report: Yoon Soo Kim (Kwangju, Korea), Renzo Tomellini (Rome, Italy). And last but not least I am much indebted to several colleagues who provided me with slides or gave permission to reproduce their figures for the Academy Lecture: Takeshi Furuno (Matsue, Shimane, Japan) Dietger Grosser (Munich, FRG), John I. Hedges (Seattle, Wash., USA), Per Hoffmann (Bremerhaven, FRG), John R. Obst (Madison, Wisc., USA). Sylvia Schoske (Munich, FRG) 相似文献
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木竹经营加工是湖南祁阳县一个传统优势产业.近年来,祁阳县木竹产业在快速发展的同时也暴露出一些实际困难和问题,制约了产业的进一步发展壮大.新时期木竹经营加工发展思路就是要坚持科学布局.加强引导服务,加大政府扶持,加强领导监管. 相似文献
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德国 奥地利森林资源监测与经营管理的特点及启示 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
深入分析了德国在同一抽样体系下,实施森林资源及其生态状况监测的技术特点、永续利用的经营理念与近自然的经营管理方法,以及奥地利信息技术在森林资源监测中的应用特点与科技创新的发展措施,对比我国森林资源监测状况,提出了完善森林资源监测内容和指标体系,建立森林资源及生态状况综合监测体系,加强新技术的创新研究和应用,积极争取国家基础数据共享应用的建议。 相似文献
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木素及其衍生物在农、林业中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
木素及其衍生物主要是来自木材制浆和造纸工业的副产物，即硫酸盐（或碱）木素、木素磺酸盐或木材水解工业产生的剩余物，即水解木素。过去这些木素大多作为燃料使用，为了提高木材利用率和增加工厂经济效益，科学工作者研究了关于木素及其衍生物在工、农（林）业生产中的应用，并取得了很多成就。本文评述了木素及其衍生物在农、林业中的应用，包括：植物生长刺激剂、含氮木素肥料、含微量元素木素肥料、土壤改良剂、动物饲料添加剂、农药缓慢释放剂等。 相似文献
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以水杉、杨木为原料制备炭化木,研究炭化工艺对木材物理力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着炭化温度的升高,炭化木材色逐渐变深,平衡含水率逐渐降低,密度降低,水杉密度由0.428g/cm3减小至0.340g/cm3,杨木密度由0.482g/cm3减小至0.338g/cm3,水杉抗弯强度下降约42.39%,杨木抗弯强度下降约46.... 相似文献
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荒漠化监测评价的标准与指标体系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
标准和指标是监测评价国家或区域荒漠化状况及其影响力的一种有效工具,它提供了描述、监测和评价荒漠化问题的基本框架和途径.文中回顾了荒漠化评价标准与指标的制定背景及其国际进程,对相关的概念、定义和制定原则予以引介和评价,并初步提出了标准和指标的体系框架构想,以资为我国的防治荒漠化事业提供参考. 相似文献
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海洋资源开发利用与环境可持续发展问题研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过查阅相关文献和资料,对我国海洋资源及其开发利用过程中所造成的环境问题进行了研究,结果表明:我国海洋资源开发迅速但管理措施尚不完善,且由于开发技术等原因,现阶段我国海洋资源在开发利用过程中已遭到一些破坏,产生的一系列海洋环境问题日趋严重。指出了为进一步深入开发和利用海洋资源,必须坚持可持续发展的思想,在开发的同时一定要加强管理,加强对海洋资源的评估和保护,合理开发和利用海洋资源,针对海洋资源的开发利用提出了相应的对策与建议。 相似文献
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Kindu Mekonnen Roland J. Buresh Richard Coe Kering Maru Kipleting 《Agroforestry Systems》1998,42(3):265-282
Measurements of root and nutrient distributions in agroforestry systems have often been obtained from unreplicated plots.
We, therefore, measured the vertical and horizontal distribution of root length and soil nitrate in replicated plots of sesbania
[Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.] to assess plot-to-plot variation and identify appropriate sampling schemes. Sampling was on profile
walls exposed from pits at two on-farm sites (Ochinga and Muange) in Kenya. At Ochinga, soil was sampled at 27 0.15-m depth
intervals and eight 0.15-m-wide locations perpendicular to 2.25-m-wide rows of 19-month-old sesbania. At Muange, sampling
was 18 months after establishment of sesbania from seedlings with a 1 m by 1 m spacing. Soil was sampled at 17 0.15-m depth
intervals and nine 0.15-m-wide sampling locations – one exactly below the tree and four each on opposite sides of the tree.
Root length density generally decreased with distance from sesbania and with soil depth. Soil nitrate, however, followed different
trends in the four replications at Ochinga and the three replications at Muange. At Ochinga, nitrate above 2.5-m depth clearly
increased with distance from the tree in two replications but followed no distinct trend in another replication. At Muange,
nitrate above 1.2-m depth decreased with distance from the tree in one replication, increased with distance from the tree
in another replication and followed no clear trend in another replication. The suitability of various sampling schemes for
measuring root length and nitrate was accessed from percent bias between measured values at sampling locations in the scheme
and actual values for an entire transect of sampling locations. Bias associated with selection of sampling locations tended
to be higher within the 2.25-m-wide sesbania rows than the 1 m by 1 m sesbania spacing. Soil sampling in systems with rows
of young trees should be at several locations along a transect perpendicular to tree rows in order to minimize bias.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献