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1.
Two novel stilbenoids, laevifonol (an ε-viniferin-ascorbic acid hybrid compound) and laevifoside (an O-glucoside of ampelopsin A) were isolated from the heartwood of Shorea laeviforia. Their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic evidence including HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY. The
novel compounds and other known stilbenoids from S. laeviforia were evaluated for inhibitory activity against rat liver 5α-reductase. Positive inhibitory activities were observed in resveratrol dimers and tetramers. No inhibitory activity was detected
in laevifonol and ampelopsin A glucosides, laevifoside, or hemsleyanoside, whereas inhibitory activity was seen in their aglycon.
These results suggest that the hydrophilic moiety in these compounds may inhibit action with the hydrophobic active site of
the enzyme.
Received: November 21, 2001 / Accepted: February 8, 2002
Acknowledgment We are grateful to Dr. Wasrin Syafii (Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia) for the collection of plant material.
Correspondence to:Y. Hiramo 相似文献
2.
The morphological features and dietary functional components of two strains (FPF-13 and Oninome-B) of Pholiota adiposa (numerisugitake mushroom) grown on artificial bed blocks were examined. The components examined were chitin, mannitol, trehalose,
guanosine 5′-monophosphate, ergosterol, and β-glucan. There was a significant difference in the external shape of the two strains. However, the differences in the contents
of functional components between the two strains, as well as between the pilei and stipes of the strains, were small. In both
strains the trehalose content was much higher than the mannitol content, in contrast to those of Lentinula edodes. From a commercial point of view, Oninome-B has a clear advantage over other strains of P. adiposa owing to its less removable scale.
Received: May 15, 2002 / Accepted: June 10, 2002
Acknowledgment The authors thank Dr. F. Eguchi (Takasaki University of Health and Welfare) for his technical advice on the β-glucan analysis.
Part of this report was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001
Correspondence to:K. Shimizu 相似文献
3.
To identify the cement-hardening inhibitory components of hannoki (Japanese alder,Alnus japonica Steud.), methanol extractives were fractionated by successive organic solvent extraction and column chromatography. Chromatographie analysis and inhibitory indices of the solvent-soluble fractions suggested that glucose and sucrose seem to be the main cement-hardening inhibitory components of Japanese alder. As these compounds are metabolized in vivo even after cutting, the particles after withering are desirable as raw material for wood-cement board. 相似文献
4.
Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata), native to Taiwan, is one of the most economically important tree species grown there. In this article we summarize
the current results of phytochemistry and bioactivity of Taiwania extracts, including antifungal, antitermite, antibacterial,
and antimite activities as well as cytotoxicity against three tumor cells. The resources of Taiwania are also addressed.
Received: January 23, 2002 / Accepted: March 8, 2002
Acknowledgment The authors thank the National Science Council of R.O.C. for financial support (NSC-90-2313-B-002-344).
Correspondence to:S.-T. Chang 相似文献
5.
Somatic embryogenesis in Chamaecyparis pisifera Sieb. et Zucc. was initiated from immature seeds collected from the end of June to early July. Mass propagation through adventitious
shoot bud production from somatic embryo culture on Woody Plant (WP) medium and artificial seed production using sodium alginate
was achieved. A high bud forming index value (25.8) was obtained on medium supplemented with 1 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. The conversion rates from artificial seeds under aseptic and nonaseptic conditions were 60%–100% and
10%–12%, respectively. For germplasm conservation, somatic embryos and embryogenic cells were successfully stored at 4°C (medium-term
storage) and in liquid nitrogen for long-term storage.
Received: December 21, 2001 / Accepted: August 1, 2002
Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation and in part by a Grant for Research for the
Future Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Correspondence to:E. Maruyama 相似文献
6.
We made inoculations to determine the comparative virulence of blue-stain fungi isolated from Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.). Based on the symptoms caused by each fungus, the most virulent fungus was Leptographium wingfieldii. Also, Ophiostoma minus was relatively virulent while lesions induced by some species did not differ from those in the control treatment. Based on
the results, we concluded that the pathogenicity of the blue-stain fungi varied widely, and thus their impact on the host
most likely varies too.
Received: June 7, 2002 / Accepted: October 4, 2002
Present address: JST Domestic Research Fellow, Forest Pathology Laboratory, Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products
Research Institute, 92-25 Nabeyashiki, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka 020-0123, Japan Tel +81-19-648-3961; Fax +81-19-641-6747
e-mail: H_masu@hotmail.com
Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Ohtaka and Usuki, Plant Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University
of Tsukuba, for technical assistance. Contribution No. 174, Plant Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture
and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.
Correspondence to:H. Masuya 相似文献
7.
Comparison of the decomposition behaviors of hardwood and softwood in supercritical methanol 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The chemical conversion of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) woods in supercritical methanol was studied using the supercritical fluid biomass conversion system with a batch-type
reaction vessel. Under conditions of 270°C/27 MPa, beech wood was decomposed and liquefied to a greater extent than cedar
wood, and the difference observed was thought to originate mainly from differences in the intrinsic properties of the lignin
structures of hardwood and softwood. However, such a difference was not observed at 350°C/43 MPa, and more than 90% of both
beech and cedar woods were effectively decomposed and liquefied after 30 min of treatment. This result indicates that the
supercritical methanol treatment is expected to be an efficient tool for converting the woody biomass to lower-molecular-weight
products, such as liquid fuels and useful chemicals.
Received: December 19, 2001 / Accepted: March 15, 2002
Acknowledgments This research has been done under the research program for the development of technologies for establishing an eco-system
based on recycling in rural villages for the twenty-first century from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,
Japan and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)(2) (no.12460144, 2001.4–2003.3) from the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
This study was presented in part at the 45th Lignin Symposium, Ehime, Japan, October 2000 and the 51st Annual Meeting of the
Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, Japan, April 2001.
Correspondence to:S. Saka 相似文献
8.
Three-dimensional distribution of water in the heartwood of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don was observed by soft X-ray photography. The within-tree variation in the distribution of “wet areas” (water-accumulated
areas in heartwood) was enormous, as was the variation among trees. Although we found no universal pattern of changes in wet
area distributions along the stem axes of all trees, similarities among individual trees within each cultivar and clone were
observed. The difference between the two kinds of wetwood in C. japonica – genetically defined wetwood and secondarily induced wetwood – is discussed, as is the use of soft X-ray photography in Japanese
tree breeding programs.
Received: December 21, 2001 / Accepted: May 1, 2002
Part of this paper was presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, Japan, April 1996
Correspondence to:R. Nakada 相似文献
9.
Plant growth regulation effects of triterpenoid saponins 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To investigate structure–activity relations between the sugar chain structures of triterpenoid saponins and their plant growth
regulation effects, several monodesmosidic saponins with betulin as an aglycon were synthesized by chemical and enzymic reactions.
Three triterpenoids (betulin, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid) and synthesized betulin glycosides were submitted to germination
and growth regulation tests on alfalfa seeds. We concluded the following. Betulin had a slight growth inhibitory effect on
alfalfa radicles. Betulin glycosides exhibited stronger effects than betulin, and betulin glycosides with two to four glucose
residues as a sugar moiety had the greatest inhibitory activity. These characteristics of growth inhibitory effects were considerably
different from those of phenolic compounds so far reported. Some betulin glycosides also showed a significant growth regulation
effect on alfalfa hypocotyls. However, hypocotyl growth was less affected than radicle growth for all betulin glycosides.
Among the triterpenoids, betulinic acid had stronger growth inhibitory effects on alfalfa radicles than betulin, suggesting
the importance of the carboxyl group at the C-28 position for the inhibitory effects of lupane-type triterpenoids. On the
other hand, no germination regulation effects on alfalfa seeds were observed for any of the betulin glycosides or triterpenoids
examined.
Received: October 9, 2001 / Accepted: February 15, 2002
Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by a research grant (Development of Highly Functional Materials by Structural Modification
of Carbohydrates) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan. We thank Saori Kudo for her assistance
in isolating compounds by chromatography.
Correspondence to:S. Ohara 相似文献
10.
The chemical conversion of phenolized sulfuric acid lignin (P-SAL), prepared from sulfuric acid lignin (SAL) by phenolation
with sulfuric acid catalyst, to novel cationic surfactant was investigated. To elucidate the chemical reactivity of the P-SAL
to a Mannich reaction, 1-guaiacyl-1-p-hydroxyphenylethane (I) as a simple phenolized sulfuric acid lignin model compound was reacted with dimethylamine and formaldehyde. Quantitative
analysis of the products by gas-liquid chromatography suggested that the p-hydroxyphenyl nucleus was more reactive than the guaiacyl nucleus. The Mannich reaction of SAL with dimethylamine did not
yield a soluble cationic surfactant, but P-SAL produced water-soluble cationic surfactant in a quantitative yield. The Mannich
reaction products (MP-SAL) of P-SAL had 1,3-dimethylaminomethyl groups/C9-C6. The results of the surface tension measurements showed that the decrease in surface tension of MP-SAL was much larger than
that of lignosulfonate as a commercial surfactant from lignin.
Received: February 13, 2002 / Accepted: June 12, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors thank Nippon Paper Industries Co. and Lion Corp. for providing the commercial products and Dr. K. Aoi (Graduate
School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan) for advising us on the measurement of surface tension. This
research was conducted with the support of a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (11460079) from the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
Part of this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002
Correspondence to:Y. Matsushita 相似文献
11.
Kuniyoshi Shimizu Shoko Fukunaga Keisuke Yoshikawa Ryuichiro Kondo 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(2):153-160
The effects of 120 methanol extracts prepared from bark and heartwood of 69 types of Japanese wood on the melanin production
of B16 melanoma cells were examined. The melanin content of B16 melanoma cells was determined spectrophotometrically at 405nm.
The extracts were also examined for their effects on cell viability. We found that the methanol extracts of Fagus crenata (buna, wood, 100μg/ml), Sapium sebiferum (Nankinhaze, wood, bark, 10μg/ml), and Zelkova serrata (keyaki, wood, 10μg/ml) greatly inhibited the melanin production of B16 melanoma cells without significant cytotoxicity.
However, these extracts did not inhibit tyrosinase activity at the concentration of 100μg/ml. These findings indicate that
the depigmenting mechanism of these extracts involves the suppression of some pigmenting signals in stimulating melanogenesis
rather than the inhibition of tyrosinase activity.
Part of this study was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, Japan, March 2003 相似文献
12.
Subyakto Bambang Subiyanto Toshimitsu Hata Shuichi Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》2003,49(3):241-247
Some tropical fast-growing woods were converted to edge-jointed lumber, and their fire-retardant properties due to chemical
coating were evaluated using cone calorimetry and a standard fire test. The woods used were Indonesian and Malaysian albizia
and gmelina plantation trees, with Japanese hinoki as a reference. The lumber was coated with 100 g/m2 of trimethylol melamine phosphoric acid in a 25% aqueous solution. The treated and untreated lumber was tested in a laboratory-scale
exposure furnace in accordance with JIS A 1304 and the cone calorimeter test with heat flux of 40 kW/m2 following the ISO 5660. Results showed that fire endurance of all lumber was enhanced by the treatment. The fire-retardant
properties were improved with increasing surface density. Though a similar trend was seen, the fire-retardant properties of
the lumber revealed by the cone calorimeter test were inferior to those seen with standard fire test. Addition of thermocouples
to the cone calorimeter allowed us to obtain information on the critical temperature (260°C) and charring temperature (300°C)
of the lumber.
Received: January 23, 2002 / Accepted: July 15, 2002
Acknowledgment The authors thank Dr. Shigehisa Ishihara, Professor Emeritus of the Wood Research Institute, Kyoto University for his suggestions
about this experiment. 相似文献
13.
Sugi green logs with red or black heartwood were smoke-heated, and the changes in the color of the heartwood after ultraviolet
(UV) (λ = 365 nm) radiation exposure were then observed. After UV radiation exposure, the redness and yellowness increased in both
the red and black heartwoods, whereas the brightness decreased. In the black heartwood, the resulting color turned from yellowish
white to reddish brown. Reddening in black heartwood after exposure to a combination of smoke heating and UV radiation is
thought to be due to a decrease in brightness and an increase in both redness and yellowness. However, the degree of change
in heartwood color by UV radiation exposure was not greatly affected by smoke-heating treatments of various lengths. When
methanol extracts were fractionated and exposed to UV radiation, the yellowness increased in the n-hexane-soluble portion and the redness increased in the acetone-soluble fractions from the n-hexane-insoluble portion. These results suggest that the n-hexane-soluble fraction contains the substances that allow heartwood color to change to yellow after UV radiation exposure,
and the acetone-soluble-fraction from the n-hexane-insoluble portion contains the substances that allow it to change to red.
Received: November 14, 2001 / Accepted: June 3, 2002
Acknowledgment This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of
Science.
This study was presented in part at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001
Correspondence to:N. Yoshizawa 相似文献
14.
We evaluated the protective effects of floor cover against soil erosion in three types of forest located on steep slopes
under a humid climate: 22- and 34-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki), 34-year-old Cryptomeria japonica (sugi), and 62-year-old Pinus densiflora (red pine) stands. We measured sediment transport rates (sediment mass passing through one meter of contour width per millimeter
of rainfall), using sediment traps, before and after removing floor cover. Raindrop splash erosion was dominant in the experimental
stands. Floor cover percentage (FCP) during the preremoval stage varied from 50% to 100% among the four stands, and sediment
transport rates ranged from 0.0079 to 1.7 g m−1 mm−1. The rates increased to 1.5–5.6 g m−1 mm−1 immediately after removing floor cover, and remained high throughout the experiment. The presence of physical cover near
the ground has a crucial effect on sediment transport on forested slopes. The protective effect ratio (the ratio of the sediment
transport rate in a control plot to that in the removal plot) in a young hinoki stand, in which the FCP decreased markedly,
was 0.3 at most, which is close to the rate for bare ground. The protective effect ratio in the red pine stand was ≤0.003.
We concluded that the protective effect of floor cover in undisturbed forests in Japan differs by over two orders of magnitude,
based on comparisons with previous studies.
Received: March 11, 2002 / Accepted: August 16, 2002
Present address: Department of Forest Site Environment, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan Tel. +81-298-73-3211;
Fax +81-298-74-3720 e-mail: miura@affrc.go.jp
Present address: Department of Forest Site Environment, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan Tel. +81-298-73-3211;
Fax +81-298-74-3720 e-mail: miura@affrc.go.jp
Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Research Council of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, of Japan. We thank
H. Ujihara, S. Ujihara, and M. Ogasawara in Otoyo, Kochi, who provided the experimental stands used in this study. We also
thank K. Hirai, S. Kuramoto, E. Kodani, and the rest of the staff at the Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products
Research Institute, for their help in conducting the experiments.
Correspondence to:S. Miura 相似文献
15.
Kazuya Tsuruta Yayoi Yoshida Norihisa Kusumoto Nobuhiro Sekine Tatsuya Ashitani Koetsu Takahashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(6):520-525
The growth inhibition activities of essential oils obtained from Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pinus thunbergii were examined against the bacillariophyceae Skeletonema costatum, also known as red tide plankton. The essential oils were extracted from the heartwood, leaves, and bark of these typical
indigenous Japanese conifers. The essential oils from C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood possessed strong growth inhibition activity. The chemical compositions of these essential oils were analyzed by
gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). α-Terpineol and longifolene were the main components of the essential oil from P. thunbergii heartwood. The C. japonica bark essential oil was mainly composed of α-terpineol, δ-cadinene, isophyllocladene, and ferruginol. Ferruginol and longifolene showed more potent growth inhibition against S. costatum than hinokitiol (β-thujaplicine), which is known to be a strong antifungal compound among wood components. Ferruginol and longifolene were important
factors for the growth inhibition activity of the essential oils from C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood, respectively. These results suggest the possibility of using C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood for the control of red tide plankton. 相似文献
16.
E. Shibata 《Journal of Forest Research》2003,8(2):0123-0126
To establish a sampling procedure for estimating the density of bamboo galls induced by Aiolomorphus rhopaloides Walker (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in a stand of bamboo Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carr. Mitf.) (Monocotyledoneae: Gramineae), 5–12 bamboo culms were cut at random in late March of each year during 1998–2001
just before gall-maker emergence. The number of galls on the branches of each bamboo culm was counted. The spatial patterns
of the galls on the culms in the stand and on the branches within each culm were measured by Iwao's patchiness regression.
Galls were distributed contagiously both on culms and on branches. Current bamboo culms that emerged the previous summer did
not require sampling because no galls were observed on them. Except for this, there was no difference in gall density on young
and old culms, suggesting that it is not necessary to distinguish them. There were few (<4%) galls above 6 m height during
the 4 years. There was no significant difference in gall density up to 4 m and above 4 m, suggesting that branches up to 4 m
can be sampled with confidence. Kuno's two-stage sampling method at different precision levels showed that the number of culms
to be sampled varied with gall density. For example, at mean density m = 1.0 per branch when the number of sampled branches per culm is 10, a total of 24 culms is required to estimate gall number
at a precision level of D = 0.2, where D is the ratio of standard error to mean.
Received: July 10, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002
Acknowledgments I thank Dr. K. Kamijo for insect identification. Thanks are also due to the members of the Laboratory of Forest Protection
for their kind help with the fieldwork. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 11460068)
from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. 相似文献
17.
An effort was made to develop photocatalytic TiO2 crystallite–activated carbon (TiO2-AC) composites from tetraisopropyl titanate (TPT)-soaked activated carbon in supercritical isopropanol. It was subsequently
found that TPT in supercritical isopropanol could be effectively converted to the anatase form of the TiO2 crystallites. The prepared composites, composed of activated carbon as an adsorbent and the anatase form of TiO2 as a photocatalyst, were evaluated for their adsorption capacity and subsequent photocatalytic activity against formaldehyde,
one of the harmful air pollutants in the environment. As a result, the supercritically treated TiO2–AC composites, particularly at 300°C and 350°C, had much higher formaldehyde-decomposing ability compared to a noncomposite
comprising a simple mixture of activated carbon and TiO2 granules. This indicates that the supercritical treatment can be effective for preparing the photocatalytic composites that
have a high synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition of formaldehyde for environmental cleaning.
Received: May 18, 2001 / Accepted: March 8, 2002
On leave from Fujian Forestry College, Fujian 353001, P.R. China
Acknowledgments The authors express their sincere thanks to Miss H. Tokoro and Mr. D. Kusdiana for their kind, valuable help and cooperation
and to Dr. H. Miyafuji for SEM observations of samples, all at the Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University.
Correspondence to:S. Saka 相似文献
18.
A. Itoh T. Yamakura S. Tan J. J. Kendawang H. S. Lee 《Journal of Forest Research》2003,8(2):0117-0121
Cuttings from older trees of the Dipterocarpaceae generally lose their ability to root. However, branches in a canopy of
adult dipterocarps are a possible source of cuttings because they show juvenile characteristics in architecture due to “adaptive
reiteration”, suggesting physiological rejuvenation. Effects of resource plant size on the rooting of cuttings and the possibility
of using cuttings from reiterated branches of adult trees were studied for Dryobalanops lanceolata, an emergent dipterocarp species. A cutting experiment with non-mist propagators was conducted for cuttings collected from
resource plants of four different size classes: <2 m, 2–5 m, 8–15 m, and 70 m in height. The smallest size class included
two different age classes: <2 and >2 years old. Cuttings from the tallest resource plant were collected from reiterated branches.
Rooting percentage was negatively correlated with resource plant size: 77–78% for resource plants <2 m, 63% for 2–5 m, 36%
for 8–15 m, and 0% for 70 m. Rooting percentages of cuttings collected from different individuals were not different for the
2–5 m tall class, while they were significantly different for the 8–15 m tall class. Resource plant size was negatively correlated
with the number of roots for rooted cuttings. No significant relationship was observed between resource plant size and mean
length of each root, total root length or total root dry weight for rooted cuttings. The results suggest the possibility of
collecting cuttings from relatively large resource plants up to 15 m tall and >20 years old if we chose good individuals for
resource plants. The results, however, show the difficulty in using reiterated branches of adult trees as a source of cuttings
for D. lanceolata.
Received: October 15, 2001 / Accepted: November 11, 2002
Acknowledgments We express our sincere thanks to Dr. S. Tamura, Dr. K. Ogino, and Mr. A.A. Hamid for their kind support. The tree tower was
constructed in a cooperative project between Japan and Sarawak supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science
and Technology, Japan (Grant NP0201). The cutting experiment was partly funded by the Nippon Life Insurance Foundation and
the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS-RFTF96R16001).
Correspondence to:A. Itoh 相似文献
19.
Comparative study of organic solvent and water-soluble lipophilic extractives from wheat straw I: yield and chemical composition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The chemical composition of six lipophilic extractives from wheat straw by extraction with toluene-ethanol (2 : 1, v/v),
chloroform-methanol (2 : 1, v/v), methyl tert-butyl ether, hexane, petroleum ether, and dichloromethane, respectively, in a Soxhlet extractor, and one water-soluble lipophilic
extract has been examined. Five main lipid classes (free fatty/resin acids, sterols, waxes, steryl esters, triglycerides)
were identified and their individual components quantified by gas chromatography as their trimethylsilyl (TMS) esters (free
fatty/resin acids) and TMS ethers (sterols). The abundant saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), myristic acid
(C14:0), and pentadecanoic acid (C15:0). Palmitoleic acid (C16:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and oleic acid (C18:1) were the
major unsaturated free fatty acids. Abietic acid was detected as the only single component in the resin acids. Of the sterols
identified, β-sitosterol was found to be the major compound together with minor amounts of cholesterol, ergosterol, stigmasterol, and stigmastanol.
Palmityl palmitate and oleyl palmitate were identified as the major components in waxes. The steryl esters analyzed were composed
of steryl laurate, steryl myristate, steryl palmitate, steryl heptadecanoate, and steryl oleate. Tripalmitin, dipalmitoyl-oleoylglycerol,
and triolein were the major components of the triglycerides.
Received: January 29, 2001 / Accepted: January 30, 2001
Acknowledgments We are grateful for the financial support of this research from the LINK program (fractionation of wheat straw) of the U.K.
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, and the prominent young scientist program of National Natural Science Foundation
of China (no. 30025036). We also thank Mrs. Jianmin Fang for her help with extraction of the samples.
Correspondence to:R.C. Sun 相似文献
20.
Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses techniques have been applied to investigate the thermal degradation characteristics
and chemical kinetics of Japanese cedar, cypress, fir, and spruce. The decomposition of the components could be modeled by
an Arrhenius kinetic expression. The kinetic parameters were extracted from the thermogravimetric data using least-squares
techniques. The heating rates used for the analyses were 10°, 5°, and 0.33°C/min; and the activation energy and reaction order
of the above woods were 7.54, 8.39, 2.87, and 7.88 kJ/mol and 0.71, 0.64, 0.44, and 0.63, respectively. Finally, carbonization
was done to produce charcoal from these woods under various operating conditions, and the charcoal was characterized in respect
to yield, heating value, electrical conductivity, and X-ray diffraction. The quality of the charcoal from fir was the best
among the four types of wood. The charcoal produced is inferior to binchotan (white charcoal) in respect to electrical conductivity
and crystalline structure.
Received: February 13, 2002 / Accepted: July 12, 2002
Acknowledgment The authors express their gratitude to Professor Yoshida of Applied Chemistry in Tokyo Metropolitan University for performing
the TG/DTA in his laboratory and for his valuable suggestions about the analyses. 相似文献