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不同发育时期月鳢消化酶活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对月鳢(Channa asiatica)稚鱼、幼鱼和成鱼的主要消化酶活性及分布进行了研究.结果表明,随着鱼体的发育和生长,月鳢消化系统各器官组织的各种消化酶活性逐渐增强,尤其是蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性的增强更为明显.月鳢幼鱼蛋白酶活性以肠组织最大、肝胰脏次之、胃组织最小,且肠组织和肝胰脏中该酶活性显著高于胃组织;胰蛋白酶活性以肝胰脏最大,胃组织和肠组织均表现较小;淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均以胃组织最大,且显著大于肠组织和肝胰脏.月鳢成鱼蛋白酶活性以中肠粘膜组织和后肠粘膜组织最高,前肠粘膜和肝胰脏次之,胃粘膜最低;胰蛋白酶活性以中肠粘膜组织和前肠粘膜最高,胃粘膜组织次之,肝胰脏小于胃粘膜,后肠粘膜组织的胰蛋白酶活性最小;淀粉酶活性以后肠粘膜组织和中肠粘膜组织最大,肝胰脏次之,胃粘膜组织和前肠粘膜组织最小;脂肪酶活性以胃粘膜组织最大,其它器官组织该酶活性均表现较小. 相似文献
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对月鳢(Channa asiatica)稚鱼、幼鱼和成鱼的主要消化酶活性及分布进行了研究。结果表明,随着鱼体的发育和生长,月鳢消化系统各器官组织的各种消化酶活性逐渐增强,尤其是蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性的增强更为明显。月鳢幼鱼蛋白酶活性以肠组织最大、肝胰脏次之、胃组织最小,且肠组织和肝胰脏中该酶活性显著高于胃组织;胰蛋白酶活性以肝胰脏最大,胃组织和肠组织均表现较小;淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均以胃组织最大,且显著大于肠组织和肝胰脏。月鳢成鱼蛋白酶活性以中肠粘膜组织和后肠粘膜组织最高,前肠粘膜和肝胰脏次之,胃粘膜最低;胰蛋白酶活性以中肠粘膜组织和前肠粘膜最高,胃粘膜组织次之,肝胰脏小于胃粘膜,后肠粘膜组织的胰蛋白酶活性最小;淀粉酶活性以后肠粘膜组织和中肠粘膜组织最大,肝胰脏次之,胃粘膜组织和前肠粘膜组织最小;脂肪酶活性以胃粘膜组织最大,其它器官组织该酶活性均表现较小。 相似文献
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比较研究了卯形鲳够（Trachinotus ovatus）成鱼和幼鱼阶段消化酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）在不同消化器官中的活性。结果表明：1）成鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉前肠〉中肠〉幽门盲囊〉后肠〉肝;淀粉酶活性为前肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉中肠〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为前肠〉中肠〉后肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。2）幼鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃〉肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝;淀粉酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃;脂肪酶活性为肠〉幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃。3）成鱼不同消化器官中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性均小于幼鱼,成鱼胃和幽门盲囊的淀粉酶活性与幼鱼的差异显著;幼鱼胃脂肪酶活性大于成鱼,但其他器官的活性均小于成鱼。卵形鲳鳕幼鱼不同消化器官中的3种消化酶活性大小顺序与成鱼基本相似。 相似文献
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比较研究了卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)成鱼和幼鱼阶段消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶)在不同消化器官中的活性.结果表明:1)成鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃＞前肠＞中肠＞幽门盲囊＞后肠＞肝;淀粉酶活性为前肠＞后肠＞幽门盲囊＞中肠＞肝＞胃;脂肪酶活性为前肠＞中肠＞后肠＞幽门盲囊＞肝＞胃.2)幼鱼蛋白酶在不同消化器官中的活性大小依次为胃＞肠＞幽门盲囊＞肝;淀粉酶活性为肠＞幽门盲囊＞肝＞胃;脂肪酶活性为肠＞幽门盲囊＞肝＞胃.3)成鱼不同消化器官中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性均小于幼鱼,成鱼胃和幽门盲囊的淀粉酶活性与幼鱼的差异显著;幼鱼胃脂肪酶活性大于成鱼,但其他器官的活性均小于成鱼.卵形鲳鲹幼鱼不同消化器官中的3种消化酶活性大小顺序与成鱼基本相似. 相似文献
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测定了长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongate Bleeker)幼鱼(8.0～110.1 g)的消化道指数和不同体重组(10 g、30 g、50 g)幼鱼的胃、肝胰脏、前肠、中肠、后肠的淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性。结果:(1)长薄鳅幼鱼肝指数平均为(1.400±0.004)%,比肠长平均为(0.418±0.080),体重与体长呈幂函数相关,相关式为:W=0.019L2.818 1(R2=0.948,P<0.01,n=43);鱼体肥满度在30 g组中最高。(2)各部位消化酶活性均以蛋白酶>脂肪酶>淀粉酶;各体重组淀粉酶活性在肝胰脏中最高(P<0.05);蛋白酶活性在胃和中肠中较高;脂肪酶活性沿消化道从前至后升高;(3)各部位淀粉酶活性在各体重组间变化不大,胃蛋白酶、肠段胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随体重增加而下降。本研究认为长薄鳅幼鱼为杂食、偏肉食性,其消化酶活性存在组织特异性,体重30 g左右是其营养需求转变或者生长发育的重要时期。 相似文献
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采用酶学分析方法研究了pH对嘉陵江鲇(Silurus asotus)胃、前肠、中肠、后肠和肝胰脏中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明,在设定的pH范围内,鲇各消化酶的活性均随着pH的升高呈现先升后降的变化趋势。鲇胃、肠道和肝胰脏中蛋白酶的最适pH分别为2.2、7.0、7.4;淀粉酶的最适pH均为7.0,脂肪酶的最适pH分别为7.0、7.0、7.4。除胃蛋白酶的最适pH为酸性外,其它消化酶的最适pH均为中性或弱碱性。说明嘉陵江鲇的各种消化酶的活性存在着器官特异性。在最适pH条件下,蛋白酶的活性为前肠>肝胰脏>胃>中肠>后肠,淀粉酶的活性顺序为肝胰脏>胃>前肠>中肠>后肠,脂肪酶的活性顺序为肝胰脏>胃>前肠>中肠>后肠。表明在不同pH条件下,相同部位的同种消化酶活性的差异显著;在各自最适pH条件下,不同器官的同种消化酶活性也有显著差异。 相似文献
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卵形鲳鲹消化酶活性的研究ⅢpH对幼鱼和成鱼消化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究了pH对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼和成鱼3种主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活力的影响。实验用鱼暂养7 d后解剖取样,在设计的10个酶反应pH值(2.2,3.2,4.2,5.2,6.2,7.2,8.0,8.6,9.6,10.6)下测定消化酶活力。结果表明:卵形鲳鲹胃内pH为强酸性,幼鱼肠内为中性偏酸性,肝、幽门盲囊和成鱼肠内为中性偏弱碱性。胃蛋白酶的最适pH值幼鱼为2.2,成鱼为3.2;肝、幽门盲囊和肠的蛋白酶活性最适pH值幼鱼为7.2,成鱼为8.0。淀粉酶活性的最适pH值幼鱼为8.0,成鱼为8.6。脂肪酶活性的最适pH值均为弱酸性,幼鱼和成鱼均为6.2。卵形鲳鲹幼鱼和成鱼3种相同消化酶活性的变化趋势相似,并以胃蛋白酶、肠淀粉酶、肠脂肪酶的活力最高。 相似文献
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以斑点鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼为研究对象,探讨了胃、前肠、中肠、后肠、肝胰脏中4种消化酶活力的昼夜变化规律。结果表明:胃蛋白酶活力在胃组织中活性最大,达到26.63 U,前肠、中肠、后肠和肝胰脏中活力值接近于0,24 h内无显著变化(P0.05)。胰蛋白酶活力24 h内呈波动变化,胃和肝胰脏中具有较高的活性,最大值分别能达到2 520.57 U/mgprot和2 143.53 U/mgprot,胃中17:00、9:00时出现峰值。肝胰脏中,胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他组织,17:00时达到最大值。胃中的淀粉酶活性最低,且变化幅度不大,肝胰脏中的淀粉酶活性值最大,最大值达到0.57 U/mgprot,24 h内,总体变化较平稳,13:00和1:00时淀粉酶的活性于其他时间具有显著差异(P0.05)。胃和肝胰脏中脂肪酶具有较高的活性,且在白天时活性较大,前肠、中肠和后肠中活性均呈较低的水平。4种消化酶均呈现出一定的昼夜节律。 相似文献
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研究了温度和pH值对斜带髭鲷Hapalogenys nitens蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力的影响。结果表明,斜带髭鲷胃内pH值范围为4.9～5.4;肝胰脏pH值为5.8～6.2;肠道pH值为6.5～6.9。蛋白酶活性随温度的上升而增加,在40℃达最大,40℃以上酶活性随温度的上升而下降。在不同消化器官中,蛋白酶活性大小顺序为：胃〉前肠〉幽门盲囊〉后肠〉肝胰脏。在15～50℃范围内,斜带髭鲷消化道不同部位淀粉酶活性的最适温度均为35℃,淀粉酶活性由高到低顺序为：肝胰脏〉幽门盲囊〉前肠〉后肠〉胃。在pH值为2.2～7.6范围内,胃蛋白酶活性的最适pH值为2.8;在pH值为4.8～8.0范围内,其他消化器官蛋白酶的最适pH值均为7.2;在最适pH值下,各消化器官中的蛋白酶活性由高到低顺序为：前肠〉幽门盲囊〉后肠〉肝胰脏。在pH值为4.8～8.0范围内,胃淀粉酶活性的最适pH值为6.0,肠、肝胰脏与幽门盲囊淀粉酶的最适pH值均为6.8,活性由高到低顺序为：肝胰脏〉幽门盲囊〉前肠〉后肠〉胃。在最适温度和pH值下,蛋白酶活性由高到低顺序为：胃〉前肠〉幽门盲囊〉后肠〉肝胰脏;淀粉酶活性由高到低顺序为：肝胰脏〉幽门盲囊〉前肠〉后肠〉胃。 相似文献
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温度对波纹龙虾消化酶活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了波纹龙虾温度对不同消化器官中消化酶活力的影响,为人工饲料科学配制依据。用酶学分析方法,设计6个温度梯度(20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃和45℃),分别测定波纹龙虾胃、肠和肝胰脏的类胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力。结果显示:在反应温度20℃~45℃范围内,波纹龙虾胃、肠、肝胰脏内的消化酶均随着温度的升高表现为先升后降趋势;不同消化器官中胃蛋白酶活力值出现拐点的温度不一样,胃、肠和肝胰脏的胃蛋白酶活力最大的温度分别是30℃、35℃和40℃;不同消化器官胃蛋白酶的活力有显著差异(P0.05),大小依次为胃肠肝胰脏;波纹龙虾不同消化器官的类胰蛋白酶出现最大酶活力的温度相同,为40℃,但胃的类胰蛋白酶活力明显较肠和肝胰脏的低(P0.05),差值最大可达40 U/mg;波纹龙虾胃、肠和肝胰脏的淀粉酶活力在25℃均出现最大值;在消化器官中,肠道淀粉酶活力最大,与胃和肝胰脏的酶活力有显著性差异(P0.05);波纹龙虾胃、肠和肝胰脏内的脂肪酶活力最大的温度为30℃,活力最高的是肝胰脏,胃内的脂肪酶活力明显的比肠和肝胰脏的要低(P0.05)。 相似文献
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The effects of seasonal,sex and size on the digestive enzyme activities in freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) 
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下载免费PDF全文 The effects of seasonal, sex and size on digestive enzyme activities of Astacus leptodactylus in natural habitat were investigated in the present study. The freshwater crayfish were sampled 584 individual as seasonally from Egirdir Lake. Ten male and 10 female individuals were sampled randomly from caught crayfish in each two different size ranges (4.5–7.0, 7.1–9.9 cm) and each season. The gastrointestinal tract, gastric, intestine and midgut gland were individually dissected on ice for enzyme analysis and stomach contents. At the end of the study, amylase activities were affected by interaction of season × sex × size in intestinal, season × sex in midgut gland. However, any interaction was not determined in amylase activities of the gastric. Lipase activities were affected by interaction of season × sex × size in intestinal and gastric, season × sex in midgut gland. The protease activities in each organ were affected by interaction of season, sex and size (p ? .05). In all organs, amylase and lipase activities were similar. However, the highest protease activity was in stomach while the lowest protease activity was the intestine. The protease activities were higher than amylase and lipase activities. There is a positive correlation between protease enzyme activities in gastric with gonad maturation and active feeding period. It can be said based on data of digestive system and high protease activity that A. leptodactylus is an omnivore species in need high protein. In addition, the reason for the low levels of lipase activity may be A. leptodactylus not prefer high fat foods or not fed high fat foods. 相似文献
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Juvenile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus), with average body weights of groups I, II and III of 55.14, 122.82, and 225.68 g respectively were used to study changes in the activity of protease, amylase, and lipase in different organs and sections of the alimentary tract. Additionally, tract containing digesta, which is closer to physiological conditions, may help reveal the mechanisms of whole chemical digestion process. Another group of tilapias (mean body weight of 111.81 ± 0.14 g) was used to analyze changes in activity of protease, lipase, and amylase in response to varying pH and temperatures. The activity of enzymes in all digestive organs increased when body weight increased from 55 to 122 g, and the activity further increased when the weights increased from 122 to 225 g. The rates of increase in digestive enzyme activity were significantly greater than the rates of growth of the fish. When the activity was compared in different sections of the tract, a similar regularity was found for the three enzymes in all fish. The highest amounts of activity were seen in the foregut and the lowest in the rectum, with the middle amount of activity in the hindgut. The pH ranges for the maximum activity of tilapia protease in the stomach and intestine were 1.6–3.3 and 9.5–10.5 respectively and the optimal temperature in these organs was 55°C. The pH ranges for the maximum amylase activity in the intestine and hepatopancreas were 6–7 and 7.5 respectively, and high amylase activity in these organs was found at 25–35°C. The activity of lipase in the intestine remained unchanged at pH 6.0–9.0 and with temperatures between 25 and 35°C. These results suggest that the ability of tilapia to utilize feed varies at different growth stages and remains relatively stable with changes in environmental pH and temperature, which should be taken into account when designing feed formulas for tilapia. 相似文献