共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
1．黄麻叶柄色、叶形、腋芽均属质量性状，据观察红叶柄、长叶形、有腋芽在F1代均呈显性。2．黄麻的叶柄色、叶形、腋芽在F2的分离规律是：一对相对性状有两种表现型，比例为3：1；两对相对性状有四种表现型，比例为9：3:3：1；三对相对性状有八种表现型，比例为27：9：9：9:3:3:3：1。这是基本符合孟德尔的分离定律和独立分配定律，同时也说明这些性状各为一对基因所控制。 相似文献
2.
新的玉米显性矮秆基因的发现及初步分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
玉米杂交种CL1077中的矮秆突变体52333与5个高秆自交系进行杂交,对P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1和BC2群体株高变异进行分析。结果表明,正反交杂种F1均表现为矮秆,没有显著差异;F2代矮株与高株的分离比为3∶1,杂种F1与高株自交系回交后代的分离比为1∶1,与矮秆突变体回交的后代全为矮株,证明该矮秆材料的矮秆性状受一对显性矮秆基因控制,且不受细胞质的影响。对纯合矮秆植株及杂种F1芽期和苗期进行赤霉素处理,结果表明,此矮秆基因对赤霉素敏感,表明与以前报道的所有矮秆基因不同,此矮秆基因可能是一新的矮秆基因,并将此矮秆基因初步定名为D(t)。 相似文献
3.
4.
矮败小麦具有Ｔａ1显性核雄性不育基因与Ｒｈｔ10 显性矮秆基因紧密连锁遗传的特点 ,它与高秆品种杂交 ,后代高秆株表现可育 ,矮秆株表现不育 ,二者比例接近 1∶1,这种特性可以稳定遗传 ,故可利用植株高度作为育性的标记性状鉴别不育株和可育株 ,大大提高育种效率[1～ 3] 。福建农大作物学院于 1989年秋季引入该种质 ,连续多年进行了育性和株高的关系、不育株开花结实特性、苗期ＧＡ3处理预测植株育性及雄性败育过程的细胞形态学等基础和应用基础研究 ,同时也开展了轮回选择育种 ,对其性状进行改良 ,提高了矮败群体的抗赤霉病性和白粉病性 ,… 相似文献
5.
转抗除草剂基因小麦植株的筛选方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了降低小麦转bar基因时产生较高比例的假阳性植株,采用测定T0代转基因植株叶片释放NH4 浓度和对T1代植株喷施Basta除草剂等辅助筛选方法,建立了简便有效的转bar基因小麦筛选体系。研究结果表明,2叶期和5叶期叶片释放的NH4 浓度与bar基因PCR检测结果呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.86和0.75。对391株T0代再生植株进行叶片释放NH4 浓度测定,筛选到34株转基因植株,其中27株为bar基因的PCR检测所证实。用100 mg/L Basta除草剂对381株T0代植株的后代(3 800余株)进行喷施筛选,根据后代抗性分离筛选到13株T0代阳性植株,与PCR检测结果吻合度达到100%。这两种方法可用于以bar基因为选择标记基因的转基因植株的筛选。 相似文献
6.
7.
一个新的大豆细胞质黄化突变体的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用一个大豆叶片黄化突变体与6个带有不同标记基因的基因型杂交配制了8个杂交组合(包括两组正反交组合)。根据杂交后代的表现对该突变体进行了遗传分析并测定了亲本和F_1植株的叶绿素含量。结果表明该突变体的叶绿素缺失性状呈母体遗传。当以黄化突变体为母本时,杂交F_1和F_2单株都表现为黄化,当用正常的非黄化基因型作为母本时,所有的F_1和F_2植株都不黄化。在自然光照条件下,突变体的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量约是正常基因型的47.4、40.4和43.7％。突变体新生叶片的叶绿素含量很低,随着叶片的发育成熟,叶绿素含量逐渐接近正常基因型。根据大豆遗传委员会的有关规定和惯例,建议将该突变体定名为Cyt—Y_4。 相似文献
8.
改变普通大豆生产学特性提高大豆产量的研究：Ⅲ.大豆扁茎性状的遗传？… 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
美国扁茎大豆的扁茎性状是由一个隐性主茎因控制的，与普通大豆杂交的Ｆ２代中非扁茎株与扁茎株的比例为５：！。Ｆ３代系统中，扁茎株的后代全部为扁茎。而Ｆ２代正常株或株高超亲株中，纯合显性（ＦＦ）的后代无扁茎株，杂合显笥 后代大多数不符合３：１的理认值，表现出扁茎株比例大大减少。说明控制这个性状的基因除一个主茎基外，还有少数修饰基因起作用。 相似文献
9.
1976年在大田发现了一株雄性不育的美国比马棉植株。棉花雄性不育作为标志性状和在人工杂交中用雄性不育系作母本是很有用的。本研究的目的是测定基因控制的比马棉雄性不育性状的遗传和检测比马棉雄性不育基因与其它突变体基因之间的可能连系。比马棉雄性不育株和正常的雄性可育“比马S-5”植株之间进行杂交,产生了雄性不育和雄性可育的F_1 植株,其比例为1∶1。F_1 不育株与比马S-5杂交的BC_1 后代符合1不育∶1可育的比例。F_1 可育株与比马S-5杂交只产生可育的后代。这些资料证明雄性不育性状受一个显性基因控制。该性状定名为雄性不育12,基因符号为Ms_(12)。连锁测验证明Ms_(12)与23个棉属突变体基因之间没有任何关联。本文还讨论了Ms_(12)与其它遗传的雄性不育性之间的相互关系。 相似文献
10.
基因水稻培矮64S回交后代白叶枯病抗性与育性研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
对筛选到的转[WTBX][STBX]Xa21[WTBZ][STBZ]基因培矮64S后代纯合株系抗性与育性的研究表明,在第5代杂种中,该外源基因仍能稳定遗传表达;以其作父本、培矮64S为母本所配制的F1植株, Xa21基因PCR检测均呈阳性,且绝大多数表现抗白叶枯病,说明该外源基因能够通过常规杂交方式转移利用。这些杂交组合F2群体中抗病与感病株出现3∶1分离,表明转Xa21基因在杂交后代的传递属单基因显性遗传。长日高温下,（培矮64S/转Xa21基因培矮64S）F1雄性完全可育,F2群体可育与不育株出现27∶1分离。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献