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1.
This study was designed to investigate the cancer preventive activities of wheat bran (WB) oil. We studied the colon cancer preventive effects of WB oil and its subfractions in the Apc(min/+) mouse model, a recognized mouse model for human colorectal cancer, and used human colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) to identify possible active fractions in WB oil. Our results showed that the oil fraction of WB was more active than the water fraction against the growth of human colon cancer cell lines and that 2% WB oil significantly inhibited the overall tumorigenesis by 35.7% (p < 0.0001) in the Apc(min/+) mouse model. The WB oil was further fractioned into nonpolar lipids and phytochemicals and the phytochemical fraction was fractionated into phytosterols and phytosterol ferulates, 5-alk(en)ylresorcinols, and unidentified constituents by normal phase silica gel column chromatography. Results on cell culture showed that the phytochemical fraction had a higher inhibitory effect on HCT-116 human colon cancer cells than that of WB oil, whereas the nonpolar lipid fraction had less growth inhibitory effectiveness. However, neither fractions showed a stronger inhibition than WB oil in the Apc(min/+) mouse model. The current results demonstrate, for the first time, the intestinal cancer preventive activity of WB oil. The active ingredients, however, remain to be identified.  相似文献   

2.
Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid found in edible brown seaweeds. We previously reported that dietary fucoxanthin attenuates the weight gain of white adipose tissue (WAT) of diabetic/obese KK- A(y) mice. In this study, to evaluate the antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of fucoxanthin and fish oil, we investigated the effect on the WAT weight, blood glucose, and insulin levels of KK- A(y) mice. Furthermore, the expression level of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and adipokine mRNA in WAT were measured. After 4 weeks of feeding, 0.2% fucoxanthin in the diet markedly attenuated the gain of WAT weight in KK- A(y) mice with increasing UCP1 expression compared with the control mice. The WAT weight of the mice fed 0.1% fucoxanthin and 6.9% fish oil was also significantly lower than that of the mice fed fucoxanthin alone. In addition, 0.2% fucoxanthin markedly decreased the blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations in KK- A(y) mice. The mice fed with the combination diet of 0.1% fucoxanthin and fish oil also showed improvements similar to that of 0.2% fucoxanthin. Leptin and tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) mRNA expression in WAT were significantly down-regulated by 0.2% fucoxanthin. These results suggest that dietary fucoxanthin decreases the blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration of KK- A(y) along with down-regulating TNFalpha mRNA. In addition, the combination of fucoxanthin and fish oil is more effective for attenuating the weight gain of WAT than feeding with fucoxanthin alone.  相似文献   

3.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on newly developed high-fat/Western-style diet-induced obesity and symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat/Western-style (HFW; 60% energy as fat and lower levels of calcium, vitamin D(3), folic acid, choline bitartrate, and fiber) or HFW with EGCG (HFWE; HFW with 0.32% EGCG) diet for 17 wks. As a comparison, two other groups of mice fed a low-fat diet (LF; 10% energy as fat) and high-fat diet (HF; 60% energy as fat) were also included. The HFW group developed more body weight gain and severe symptoms of metabolic syndrome than the HF group. The EGCG treatment significantly reduced body weight gain associated with increased fecal lipids and decreased blood glucose and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels compared to those of the HFW group. Fatty liver incidence, liver damage, and liver triglyceride levels were also decreased by the EGCG treatment. Moreover, the EGCG treatment attenuated insulin resistance and levels of plasma cholesterol, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), interlukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Our results demonstrate that the HFW diet produces more severe symptoms of metabolic syndrome than the HF diet and that the EGCG treatment can alleviate these symptoms and body fat accumulation. The beneficial effects of EGCG are associated with decreased lipid absorption and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines.  相似文献   

4.
We examined the effects of low-dose fish oil ingestion on hepatic lipid accumulation caused after high cholesterol feeding in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were fed purified experimental diets consisting of 20 energy % (en%) safflower oil (SO or SO/CH), 2 en% fish oil + 18 en% safflower oil (2FO or 2FO/CH), or 5 en% fish oil + 15 en% safflower oil (5FO or 5FO/CH) with or without 2 weight % (wt %) cholesterol for 8 weeks. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol contents were significantly lower in groups that were fed diets containing fish oil and cholesterol than in those that were fed safflower oil and cholesterol. The hepatic mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) were lower in groups fed cholesterol or fish oil. Fatty acid oxidation-related hepatic gene expressions were higher in fish oil-fed groups. Fecal cholesterol excretion was higher in all cholesterol-fed groups; cholesterol excretion was high in groups fed fish oil and cholesterol. These results suggest that low-dose fish oil diets improve lipid metabolism by modifying the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver and increasing fecal cholesterol excretion.  相似文献   

5.
To investigate the hypocholesterolemic mechanism of barley in vivo, six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fat diet containing barley (HFD-B) for seven weeks. Total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced in the HFD-B group while fecal cholesterol and bile acid was increased. Real-time PCR and immunoblot analysis revealed the induction of FXR expression, which in turn suppressed the expression of ASBT and NPC1L1 in the HFD-B group compared with the controls. In the liver, the expression of HMG-CoA reductase was significantly reduced while LDL receptor expression was unaltered in the HFD-B group compared with the controls. Our data suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effects of barley are primarily the result of reduced dietary cholesterol uptake and bile acid resorption. Reduced expression of intestinal ASBT and NPC1L1 may play a key role in the regulation of dietary cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in mice consuming a diet containing barley.  相似文献   

6.
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) were enzymatically acidolyzed with olive oil to produce structured lipids (SL), and their antiatherosclerotic properties were investigated in C57BL/6J mice. Twenty-eight mice were divided into four groups and fed control diet or atherogenic diets supplemented with high cholesterol and high fat (HCHF) containing 5% of lard, olive oil, or SL based on control diet for 4 weeks. The supplementation of SL diet (0.6% CLA) significantly reduced the levels of serum total cholesterol and total triglyceride and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level as compared to lard and olive oil diet groups (p < 0.05). The activity of liver acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) of mice fed the SL diet was significantly lower than that of mice fed the lard or olive oil diet. A reduced formation of aortic fatty streak was observed in SL group. The extent of CLA incorporation depended on tissues or types of phospholipids. More CLA was incorporated in adipose tissue (1.85 mol %) than in the liver (0.33 mol %). Besides, more CLA was found in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (0.47 mol %) than in phosphatidylcholine (PC) (0.05 mol %) of hepatic phospholipids. Hepatic phospholipids (PC and PE) of mice fed the SL diet contained reduced contents of arachidonic and linoleic acid compared with mice fed the olive oil or lard diet. The present study suggests that SL could be considered as a functional oil for preventing risks of atheroscelerosis.  相似文献   

7.
Selected sugars (fructose, sucrose, or raffinose) and polyhydric alcohols (sorbitol or mannitol) were equilibrated directly with bulk fish oil (10% by weight, excess) and exposed to fluorescent lighting (2550 Lx) for 24 h at 5 degrees C. Data for room temperature-equilibrated samples revealed that polyols functioned as antioxidants in fish oil. Increased times and temperatures of equilibration (to 90-110 degrees C, 1-2 mmHg, to 2 h) greatly enhanced the antioxidant activity of polyols in fish oil exposed to light. Under accelerated oxidation conditions (60 degrees C) in the dark, dispersed sorbitol in bulk fish oil greatly suppressed the peroxide value, primarily by chelating transition metals, while fructose showed a limited antioxidant activity. Sugars with a lower molecular weight and smaller numbers of equatorial OH groups exhibited a higher rate of permeation of sugars into fish oil triacylglycerols and hence rendered greater antioxidant activities. The treatment of bulk fish oils with polyols and then using the oils in the preparation of emulsions greatly reduced their antioxidant activities as compared to those observed for treated bulk oils. The introduction of polyols dissolved in propylene glycol into bulk fish oils at 90 degrees C (0.025% polyol, 0.25 h of equilibration) provided a similar antioxidant activity to that imparted by the introduction of polyols into the oil by equilibrating excess polyols (10% by weight) with them at 90-110 degrees C for 2 h. However, regardless of the method of the introduction of polyols to bulk fish oil, an elevated temperature (90 degrees C) exposure during fish oil treatment was required to induce a notable antioxidant activity.  相似文献   

8.
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for the progression, invasion, and metastasis of epithelial tumorgenesis. Here, we provided molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic effect of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) in an oral squamous cell culture system by showing a nearly complete inhibition on the invasion (P < 0.001) of squamous cell carcinoma-9 (SCC-9) cells via a reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (P < 0.001) and urokinasetype plasminogen activator (P < 0.001). EGCG exerted an inhibitory effect on cell migration (P < 0.001), motility (P < 0.001), spread, and adhesion (P < 0.001). We performed Western blot to find that EGCG inhibited p-focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), p-Src, snail-1, and vimentin, indicating the anti-EMT effect of EGCG in oral squamous cell carcinoma. EGCG was also sufficient to inhibit phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, as evidenced by its inhibition on the tumor growth of SCC-9 cells in vivo via cancer cell xenografted nude mice mode. These results suggested that EGCG could reduce the invasion and cell growth of tumor cells, and such a characteristic may be of great value in developing a potential cancer therapy.  相似文献   

9.
Recently, it has been found that fish oils contain a high proportion of contaminants, namely, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (cPCBs). In this study, the removal of contaminants from fish oil by supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE) and by using adsorbents (0.13 wt % of oil) was investigated. Dioxins and cPCBs were extracted from fish oil by SCE at a temperature of 60 degrees C and a pressure of 28 MPa, and the removal efficiencies for PCDDs and PCDFs were in the range of 15-90% and those for cPCBs were in the range of 70-90%. However, 40% of the oil was extracted simultaneously with contaminants. On the adsorbent treatment, activated carbon showed high efficiency, and the removal efficiencies were >90% for PCDDs and PCDFs, but below 30% for cPCBs. A combination of both of these methods is more effective, and almost 100% of the total toxicity equivalence quantity value could be reduced.  相似文献   

10.
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) juveniles were fed either 100% fish oil (FO), 75% vegetable oil (VO), or 100% VO throughout their life cycle to harvest weight followed by a finishing diet period when all groups were fed 100% FO. The two experimental VO diets were tested at two different locations (Scotland and Norway) against the same control diet (100% FO). The VO blend was composed of rapeseed oil, palm oil, and linseed oil using capelin oil as a control for fatty acid class compositions. Flesh fatty acid profiles were measured regularly throughout the experiment, with the times of sampling determined by changes in pellet size/lipid content and fish life stage. Growth and mortality rates were not significantly affected by dietary fatty acid compositions throughout the life cycle, except during the seawater winter period in Norway when both growth and protein utilization were increased in salmon fed 100% VO compared to 100% FO. Flesh fatty acid composition was highly influenced by that of the diet, and after the finishing diet period the weekly intake recommendations of very long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLCn-3 PUFA) for human health were 80 and 56% satisfied by a 200 g meal of 75% VO and 100% VO flesh, respectively. No effect on flesh astaxanthin levels was observed in relation to changing dietary oil sources. Sensory evaluation showed only minor differences between salmon flesh from the dietary groups, although prior to the finishing diet period, flesh from 100% VO had less rancid and marine characteristics and was preferred over flesh from the other dietary groups by a trained taste panel. After the finishing diet period, the levels of typical vegetable oil fatty acids in flesh were reduced, whereas those of VLCn-3 PUFA increased to levels comparable with a 100% FO fed salmon. No differences in any of the sensory characteristics were observed between dietary groups. By blending VOs to provide balanced levels of dietary fatty acids, up to 100% of the fish oil can be replaced by the VO blend without compromising growth or flesh quality. At the same time, 75% of the dietary fish oil can be replaced without compromising flesh VLCn-3 PUFA content, thereby providing a beneficial nutritional profile for human consumption.  相似文献   

11.
仿刺参肠多糖对免疫功能的影响及抗肿瘤研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
多糖能参与机体的免疫调节,具有抗肿瘤等多种功能。本实验采用灌胃不同剂量仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠多糖的方法,研究了多糖对小鼠(Mus musculus)免疫功能的影响及其对小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。结果显示,仿刺参肠多糖对接种的H22肿瘤具有剂量依赖性的抑制作用,高剂量组(400mg/kg/d)抑瘤效果最好;胸腺指数高剂量肿瘤组最高(P<0.05),而其他各组差异不明显,脾脏指数在肿瘤组内随着剂量的增大表现为先升高再降低,而空白组呈一直上升的趋势;高剂量多糖可以显著提高荷瘤小鼠和空白小鼠的白介素2(IL-2)含量(P<0.05),对荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量也具有显著提升作用(P<0.05),但对空白组小鼠的TNF-α含量影响不显著;荷瘤小鼠的自然杀伤(NK)细胞活力普遍低于空白小鼠,随灌胃剂量的提升空白小鼠NK细胞活力具有上升趋势,荷瘤小鼠的NK细胞活力在中剂量组达到最高后开始下降。实验表明,仿刺参肠多糖可以促进小鼠的免疫功能,并且对小鼠体内肿瘤在一定剂量范围内具有浓度依赖性的抑制作用。  相似文献   

12.
The limited activity of Δ6 fatty acid desaturase (FAD6) on α-linolenic (ALA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6) acids in marine fish alters the long-chain (≥C(20)) polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) concentration in fish muscle and liver when vegetable oils replace fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds. Echium oil (EO), rich in stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) and γ-linoleic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6), may enhance the biosynthesis of n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA by bypassing the rate-limiting FAD6 step. Nutritional and environmental modulation of the mechanisms in LC-PUFA biosynthesis was examined in barramundi, Lates calcarifer , a tropical euryhaline fish. Juveniles were maintained in either freshwater or seawater and fed different dietary LC-PUFA precursors present in EO or rapeseed oil (RO) and compared with FO. After 8 weeks, growth of fish fed EO was slower compared to the FO and RO treatments. Irrespective of salinity, expression of the FAD6 and elongase was up-regulated in fish fed EO and RO diets, but did not lead to significant accumulation of LC-PUFA in the neutral lipid of fish tissues as occurred in the FO treatment. However, significant concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), but not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), appeared in liver and, to a lesser extent, in muscle of fish fed EO with marked increases in the phospholipid fraction. Fish in the EO treatment had higher EPA and ARA in their liver phospholipids than fish fed FO. Endogenous conversion of dietary precursors into neutral lipid LC-PUFA appears to be limited by factors other than the initial rate-limiting step. In contrast, phospholipid LC-PUFA had higher biosynthesis, or selective retention, in barramundi fed EO rather than RO.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of gamma-tocopherol, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), and ascorbyl palmitate to protect fish oil enriched salad dressing against oxidation during a 6 week storage period at room temperature. The lipid-soluble gamma-tocopherol (220 and 880 microg g-1 of fish oil) reduced lipid oxidation during storage by partly retarding the formation of lipid hydroperoxides (PV) and by decreasing the concentrations of individual volatile oxidation products by 34-39 and 42-66%, respectively. EDTA (10 and 50 microg g-1 of dressing) was the most efficient single antioxidant, and overall peroxide values and volatiles were reduced by approximately 70 and 77-86%, respectively. Conversely, prooxidant effects were observed with a high concentration of ascorbyl palmitate (300 microg g-1 of fish oil), whereas a low concentration was slightly antioxidative (50 microg/g of fish oil). Finally, a combination of all three antioxidants completely inhibited oxidation during storage, indicating that the prooxidant effects of ascorbyl palmitate were reverted or overshadowed by EDTA and gamma-tocopherol.  相似文献   

14.
A fast (12 min) high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) method for the separation of neutral lipid class hydroperoxides in the oil phases from fish oil enriched mayonnaises was developed. Detection and quantification were performed using the postcolumn fluorometric (FL) diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine oxidation principle. The reproducibilities judged by intra- and inter-assay variations were 0.64 and 7.2%, respectively. The HPSEC-FL method was applied to assess the effect of supplementations with emulsifier, gallic acid, and EDTA on the oxidative processes in the mayonnaises during storage. Substantial amounts of hydroperoxy triacylglycerols (TAGOOH) and cholesterol esters (CEOOH), together with traces of TAGOOH-dimers, were detected. All supplementations significantly decreased the levels of TAGOOH and to a lesser degree CEOOH. Supplementations with EDTA and gallic acid resulted in constant and slightly increasing levels of TAGOOH, respectively, thus affecting the oxidation mechanisms seen in reference mayonnaise. The emulsifier Panodan TR DATEM reduced the levels of TAGOOH as compared to the appropriate controls.  相似文献   

15.
The consumption of soy protein and fiber reduces body fat accumulation; however, the mechanism of this effect has not been clearly understood. We investigated the antiobesogenic effect of soy protein and fiber in two different mouse models. Normolipidemic nonobese C57BL/6J and hyperlipidemic obese human apolipoprotein E2 transgenic mice were fed either delipidated soybean (DLSB) containing soy protein and fiber or a control diet. The DLSB-fed mice showed a significant reduction in body weight gain and adiposity compared with controls, in both C57BL/6J and apoE2 mice. All metabolic parameters were significantly improved in the DLSB group compared with controls: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and leptin levels were significantly reduced. Adiponectin concentrations were significantly elevated, and glucose tolerance was improved. In both types of DLSB-fed mice, the specific induction of PPAR-δ protein expression was evident in muscle and adipose tissues. The expression of PPAR-δ target genes in the DLSB-fed mice was also significantly altered. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 and fatty acid synthase levels in adipose tissue were downregulated, and uncoupling protein-2 in muscle was upregulated. Intestinal expression of fatty acid transport protein-4, cluster of differentiation-36, and acyl-CoA synthetase were significantly downregulated. We propose that marked activation of PPAR-δ is the primary mechanism mediating the antiobesogenic effect of soybean and that PPAR-δ has multiple actions: induction of thermogenesis in muscle, reduction of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue, and reduction of fatty acid uptake in intestinal tissue.  相似文献   

16.
Olive oil pomace (OLP) contains organic matter and nutrients that could be recycled by composting and supplying it to crops, solving the problem of disposal.

The effects of two OLP composts (C1 and C2) were assessed on two leguminous forage crops commonly cropped in the local livestock farms. In particular, C1 was applied on proteic pea and C2 on clover, compared with a mineral fertilizer (Min) and a commercial organic–mineral fertilizer (Org-min). The influence of composts on some soil chemical properties was also investigated.

The application of C1 significantly increased proteic pea dry weight at the end of the cycle by 27.2% and 52.0% and grain yield by 23.2% and 43.6%, in comparison with Org-min and Min, respectively. The clover dry weight during the entire cycle was lower in C2, in comparison with the other treatments, while no significant difference was found between C2 and the Org-min treatment both in yield and plant height.

Soil nitrate decreased from the beginning to the end of the trial in C1 and C2 plots by 22.8% and 50.9%, respectively. Soil phosphorous content significantly increased in Min by 32.4 and 41.7% compared to C1 and C2, respectively. These results showed that the substitution of commercial fertilizers with compost could be an environmentally sustainable solution. The high presence of heavy metals in compost should not affect soil application at least in this short-term trial.  相似文献   

17.
基于组合滤波的鱼油二十碳五烯酸含量近红外光谱检测   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了提高鱼油二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)含量的测定精度,该研究将经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和数学形态学滤波相结合的近红外光谱去噪方法应用于鱼油的一阶导数光谱预处理中,给出了方法的原理和步骤,评估了该方法的去噪效果。运用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)建立了鱼油EPA近红外光谱的预测模型,用处理后的光谱计算了鱼油中EPA的含量,并与九点平滑和小波变换方法的处理结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:与传统的九点平滑处理结果相比,信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)从14 d B左右提高到35 d B左右,原始信号与消噪信号之间的标准差由0.005 71降到0.002 26;预测集的决定系数由0.959 3提高到0.987 9,预测均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)由0.060 1降为0.031 2。证明了组合的EMD和数学形态学滤波方法在光谱处理过程中的可靠性,提高了鱼油EPA含量近红外光谱的定量分析精度。  相似文献   

18.
Lactase phlorizin hydrolase is a small intestinal brush border enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the milk sugar, lactose, and also many flavonoid glucosides. We demonstrate that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal flavonoid from green tea, inhibits in vitro hydrolysis of lactose by intestinal lactase. We then tested the hypothesis that salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) could modulate this inhibition and stabilize EGCG. Inhibition by EGCG of digestive enzymes (α-amylase>chymotrypsin>trypsin>lactase?pepsin) was alleviated ～2-6-fold by PRPs. Furthermore, PRPs appeared stable to proteolysis and also stabilized EGCG under digestive conditions in vitro. This is the first report on EGCG inhibition of lactase, and it quantifies the protective role of PRPs against EGCG inhibition of digestive enzymes.  相似文献   

19.
A three-year field experiment (2006–2008) was carried out in Mediterranean conditions to study the effects of organic fertilizers application on yield performance and plant nitrogen (N) status of melon crops. Soil properties at the end of experiment were further investigated. In a strip-plot experimental design, two irrigations and the following four fertilizer treatments were compared: mineral fertilizer (Min); commercial stable manure (Org); anaerobic digestate (WDD); composted municipal solid organic wastes (SUW). The results showed no statistical differences among the four different treatments on melon yields. Conversely, the highest irrigation treatment showed a significantly higher total yield (34%) and fruits number (26%). During cropping cycles, the Min treatment reached the highest mean nitrate content with an increase of about 59% and 154% respectively compared with Org and mean of WDD and SUW. The WDD and SUW significantly increased soil total, extracted and humified organic carbon of the 14, 22 and 12% compared with Min. Among treatments, no significant difference was found for heavy metals excepted for Cu, which reached the highest level in WDD treatment.  相似文献   

20.
Epidemiological and animal studies have found that green tea is associated with lower plasma cholesterol. This study aimed to further elucidate how green tea modulates cholesterol metabolism. When HepG2 cells were incubated with the main green tea constituents, the catechins, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was the only catechin to increase LDL receptor binding activity (3-fold) and protein (2.5-fold) above controls. EGCG increased the conversion of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) to its active form (+56%) and lowered the cellular cholesterol concentration (-28%). At 50 microM, EGCG significantly lowered cellular cholesterol synthesis, explaining the reduction in cellular cholesterol. At 200 microM EGCG, cholesterol synthesis was significantly increased even though cellular cholesterol was lower, but there was a significant increase seen in medium cholesterol. This indicates that, at 200 microM, EGCG increases cellular cholesterol efflux. This study provides mechanisms by which green tea modulates cholesterol metabolism and indicates that EGCG might be its active constituent.  相似文献   

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