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1.
1. The present study was conducted to estimate genetic relatedness among Nicobari fowls (Brown, Black and White) and an exotic bird (White Leghorn) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphism. 2. A total of 25 decamer primers were screened among all the breeds of which 24 primers amplified the genomic DNA, generating 2000 to 200 bp bands. Ten primers generated reproducible and distinct RAPD profiles and were used for further analysis. 3. A total of 94 bands were amplified and 30 polymorphic bands (32%) were produced. The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 1 to 5 with an average of 3.0. 4. Among the native breeds Brown Nicobari showed higher genetic similarity (0.85) than Black Nicobari (0.80) and White Nicobari fowl (0.82). 5. Brown Nicobari showed high genetic similarity with Black Nicobari (0.87 +/- 0.029); least similarity was between White Nicobari and White Leghorn (0.77 +/- 0.028). 6. The RAPD profile of all Nicobari fowls on amplification with the primers PBG5 and PBA12 showed specific bands of molecular size 1050 and 785 bp, respectively. 7. The native breeds showed the least genetic distance with each other while White Leghorn appeared to be most distant from the native breeds.  相似文献   

2.
Our experiment was conducted to study physical quality and chemical composition of meat of Angus (A), Hereford (H), Friesian Holstein (FH), Australian Commercial Cross (ACC) and Murray Grey (MG) cattle breeds grown in a feedlot system. Significant differences were observed among five cattle breeds for cooking loss, tenderness, fatty acid composition, collagen and cholesterol content of meat. However, pH, water‐holding capacity, water, ash, fat and crude protein contents were not different. Cholesterol content of meat of A and FH was lower (P < 0.01) than that of H, ACC and MG. Acidity (pH), cooking loss, shear force, water, ash, crude protein, collagen and cholesterol content of Biceps femoris muscle were higher than those of Longissimus thoracis muscle, but water‐holding capacity and fat content were lower. Unsaturated fatty acid content of Biceps femoris muscle was higher (P < 0.01) than that of Longissimus thoracis. In conclusion, the differences among cattle breeds had a great effect on cooking loss, shear force, collagen, fatty acid composition and cholesterol of meat, but had little effect on water‐holding capacity, pH and proximate composition of meat. The meat of Hereford cattle was the best quality, because of the lowest shear force, cooking loss and collagen. Longissimus thoracis muscle was relatively better in cooking loss, tenderness and collagen content than Biceps femoris muscle.  相似文献   

3.
To assess genetic markers able to distinguish between five Greek breeds of horses, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used. A total of 40 primers were initially screened in all breeds to identify primers that consistently revealed well-amplified, polymorphic bands. Despite the variability that was found within breeds, no specific RAPD marker for the discrimination of the breeds was detected. This is probably due to the extensive cross-breeding that has taken place over the years, resulting in a mixing of breeds. The high phenotypic divergence of the pony of Skyros from all the other Greek breeds of horses could be explained in terms of micro-evolutionary processes, such as natural selection owing to differential fitness. In addition, to determine the genetic affinities between breeds, all samples were screened with five primers. These primers produced a total of 93 bands, 51 of which were polymorphic. Data analysis for genetic polymorphism revealed a degree of divergence between breeds. According to the discriminant analysis (DA) classification, 100% of the individuals examined in this study could be classified correctly into their breeds. The results of this study show that RAPDs could be a powerful tool for the classification testing of individual horses, as well as for the determination of the genetic variation found among breeds, which is important for a proper management policy designed to protect this species.  相似文献   

4.
The present study was a contribution on the genetic characterization of the Burlina local cattle breed, and an approach to understanding the relationships between Burlina, Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss which represent the majority of the dairy cattle reared nowadays in North-East Italy. The obtained results helped to clarify the genetic diversity and distinctiveness of Burlina population. In particular, the low genetic distance between Burlina and Holstein Friesian and the assignment of a moderate percentage of Burlina animals to Holstein Friesian suggested that crosses between them took place in the past, while crosses with Brown Swiss seemed to be less frequent. However, analyses of marker genotypes, showed a cluster with only Burlina individuals, which demonstrates the genetic distinctness of this breed. The Burlina breed showed the highest variability among the analysed breeds and its inbreeding coefficient was low. The data contribute to the feasibility of a conservation and selection programme for this breed and the results are useful for the implementation of a conservation strategy that should aim to conserve animals where the contribution from foreign breeds is as small as possible.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of four autochthonous cattle breeds of Tuscany and their relationships in comparison with Italian Friesian and Italian Brown, using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. A total of 212 individuals were genotyped with three primer combinations generating 102 polymorphic markers. Average expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.23 in Mucca Pisana to 0.26 in Chianina, Italian Friesian, Italian Brown and Maremmana. The differences resulted not significant (Kruskall–Wallis test, p = 0.416). Gst‐B index revealed that 86% of the total genetic variance is retained within population and only 14% is accounted by the between populations component. Multivariate analysis at individual and population level indicated that: (i) Calvana and Chianina are quite separate from the other breeds as an effect of the bottleneck experienced or as a signature of different origin; (ii) Podolian, Maremmana and Italian Brown clustered with the double purpose Mucca Pisana, revealing their contribution to its admixed genetic make up; (iii) Italian Friesian behaved always as out group. The ‘analysis of molecular variance’ recovered a significant subdivision clustering the six populations into three groups: Italian Friesian and Italian Brown versus Maremmana and Mucca Pisana versus Chianina and Calvana (6% of the total variance).  相似文献   

6.
4个肉牛品种微卫星多态性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
本研究探讨了引进牛种（西门塔尔牛、利木赞牛）和山东地方黄牛（鲁西黄牛、利鲁牛）在20个微卫星位点上的多态性。试验从不同地区的种公牛站采集鲁西黄牛、利鲁牛、利木赞牛和西门塔尔牛的血液或精液样本,分别为56、27、31和30个,共计144个样本,血液样本采用Lab-Aid基因组DNA分离试剂盒提取基因组DNA,精液样本采用高盐法提取基因组DNA。利用20个微卫星标记,采用荧光标记毛细管电泳方法,对4个肉牛品种的DNA多态性进行分析,主要研究了每个群体的遗传变异指标（等位基因数、多态信息含量和杂合度）及群体间的遗传关系（F-统计量和基因流）。结果表明,肉牛基因组DNA条带整齐,无拖尾现象,质量较好,可用于本试验。20个微卫星座位中共检测到211个等位基因,平均等位基因数为10.6个。群体的平均观测杂合度在0.6147~0.7176之间,平均期望杂合度在0.6735~0.7862之间。在所有群体中各位点的多态信息含量在0.4853~0.8714之间,平均为0.7284,但在各个群体内的差异较大。近交系数及基因流分析结果表明,4个肉牛品种近交系数较低,群体间平均近交系数为0.085,每个微卫星位点的基因流均>1。总体来看,所选用的20个微卫星座位多态信息含量高,可作为有效遗传标记用于肉牛品种间遗传多样性分析。  相似文献   

7.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone and its receptor (GNRHR) play a critical role in sexual differentiation and reproduction. Available evidence shows a strong genetic component in the timing of puberty. In bovines, there are significant differences within and among beef breeds in the time when bulls reach puberty. Despite its economic importance, there are not many SNPs or genetic markers associated with this characteristic. The aims of the study were to identify DNA polymorphism in the bovine GNRHR by re-sequencing analysis, determine haplotype phases, and perform a population study in a selected tag SNP in six breeds. Eight SNPs were detected, including: one in the Upstream Regulatory Region (URR), five in the coding regions, and two in non-coding regions. This polymorphism level corresponds to one variant every 249.4 bp and a global nucleotide diversity of 0.385. Two haplogroups comprising nine haplotypes and two linkage blocks were detected. Despite 5 tag SNPs were required to capture all variability, just one SNP allowed to define both haplogroups, and only two SNPs were needed to differentiate the most common haplotypes. An additional taq SNP was necessary to identify both URR variants. Allele-frequency analysis of a selected taq SNP among breeds showed a geographical cline. European Bos taurus breeds had lower frequencies of the C allele than B. indicus type cattle, while Creole cattle and Wagyu breeds had intermediate frequency. There was a significant correlation between frequency profile and timing of puberty among the studied breeds, which seems to suggest that genetic variation within bovine GNRHR gene could explain at least part of the reported variability.  相似文献   

8.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone and its receptor (GNRHR) play a critical role in sexual differentiation and reproduction. Available evidence shows a strong genetic component in the timing of puberty. In bovines, there are significant differences within and among beef breeds in the time when bulls reach puberty. Despite its economic importance, there are not many SNPs or genetic markers associated with this characteristic. The aims of the study were to identify DNA polymorphism in the bovine GNRHR by re-sequencing analysis, determine haplotype phases, and perform a population study in a selected tag SNP in six breeds. Eight SNPs were detected, including: one in the Upstream Regulatory Region (URR), five in the coding regions, and two in non-coding regions. This polymorphism level corresponds to one variant every 249.4 bp and a global nucleotide diversity of 0.385. Two haplogroups comprising nine haplotypes and two linkage blocks were detected. Despite 5 tag SNPs were required to capture all variability, just one SNP allowed to define both haplogroups, and only two SNPs were needed to differentiate the most common haplotypes. An additional taq SNP was necessary to identify both URR variants. Allele-frequency analysis of a selected taq SNP among breeds showed a geographical cline. European Bos taurus breeds had lower frequencies of the C allele than B. indicus type cattle, while Creole cattle and Wagyu breeds had intermediate frequency. There was a significant correlation between frequency profile and timing of puberty among the studied breeds, which seems to suggest that genetic variation within bovine GNRHR gene could explain at least part of the reported variability.  相似文献   

9.
4个绵羊品种随机扩增多态DNA分析   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
本研究利用RAPD技术研究了小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊、洼地绵羊、滩羊 4个绵羊品种的亲缘关系。从 10 0条引物中筛选出的 16条引物 ,共扩增出 14 6条带 ,其中 94条表现出多态性 ,占 6 4 .4 %。它们间遗传距离较小 ,小尾寒羊与大尾寒羊、洼地绵羊、滩羊的遗传距离分别为 0 .0 6 4 9、0 .0 6 73和 0 .10 2 8,用UPGMA法构建了树状聚类图。结果显示 ,小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊和洼地绵羊首先聚一起 ,说明它们亲缘关系较近 ,起源于共同的原始祖先。据推测滩羊也起源于蒙古羊 ,但它生活在陕西、宁夏等省 ,与山东环境条件差别较大 ,在自然选择的作用下发生了变异 ,这可能是滩羊与其它绵羊间遗传距离大的主要原因。在本研究过程中还发现了各品种的分子标记  相似文献   

10.
From a genetic point of view, the selection of breeds and animals within breeds for conservation in a national gene pool can be based on a maximum diversity strategy. This implies that priority is given to conservation of breeds and animals that diverge most and overlap of conserved diversity is minimized. This study investigated the genetic diversity in the Dutch Red and White Friesian (DFR) cattle breed and its contribution to the total genetic diversity in the pool of the Dutch dairy breeds. All Dutch cattle breeds are clearly distinct, except for Dutch Friesian breed (DF) and DFR and have their own specific genetic identity. DFR has a small but unique contribution to the total genetic diversity of Dutch cattle breeds and is closely related to the Dutch Friesian breed. Seven different lines are distinguished within the DFR breed and all contribute to the diversity of the DFR breed. Two lines show the largest contributions to the genetic diversity in DFR. One of these lines comprises unique diversity both within the breed and across all cattle breeds. The other line comprises unique diversity for the DFR but overlaps with the Holstein Friesian breed. There seems to be no necessity to conserve the other five lines separately, because their level of differentiation is very low. This study illustrates that, when taking conservation decisions for a breed, it is worthwhile to take into account the population structure of the breed itself and the relationships with other breeds.  相似文献   

11.
Heat shock proteins act as molecular chaperones that have preferentially been transcribed in response to severe perturbations of the cellular homeostasis such as heat stress. Here the traits respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), pack cell volume (PCV) and the individual heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) were recorded as physiological responses on heat stress (environmental temperatures) in Bos taurus (crossbred Holstein Friesian; HF) and B. indicus (Thai native cattle: White Lamphun; WL and Mountain cattle; MT) animals (n = 47) in Thailand. Polymorphisms of the heat shock protein 90-kDa beta gene (HSP90AB1) were evaluated by comparative sequencing. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified, i.e. three in exons 10 and 11, five in introns 8, 9, 10 and 11, and one in the 3′UTR. The exon 11 SNP g.5082C>T led to a missense mutation (alanine to valine). During the period of extreme heat (in the afternoon) RR and RT were elevated in each of the three breeds, whereas the PCV decreased. Mountain cattle and White Lamphun heifers recorded significantly better physiologic parameters (p < 0.05) in all traits considered, including or particularly HTC than Holstein Friesian heifers. The association analysis revealed that the T allele at SNP g.4338T>C within intron 3 improved the heat tolerance (p < 0.05). Allele T was exclusively found in White Lamphun animals and to 84% in Mountain cattle. Holstein Friesian heifers revealed an allele frequency of only 18%. Polymorphisms within HSP90AB1 were not causative for the physiological responses; however, we propose that they should at least be used as genetic markers to select appropriate breeds for hot climates.  相似文献   

12.
Allele frequencies of 10 representative polymorphisms for beef and milk traits were investigated for a total of 240 animals from Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds, including two Japanese groups (Japanese Black and Japanese Brown), two East Asian groups (Korean and Mongolian), three European groups (Holstein, Angus and Hereford) and a Bos indicus group in South Asia (Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia). The Japanese Black revealed unique genetic construction in GH, FASN and SREBP‐1 and the other Asian populations show intermediate frequencies between European and Japanese populations. The Bos indicus group showed low favorable allele frequencies in most of the genes. The study showed the variability and distribution of 10 genes affecting economic traits among world representative cattle breeds. The genetic information would contribute to elucidating the genetic background for worldwide cattle breeds and the possibility of improvement using the markers.  相似文献   

13.
The diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the final step of triglyceride synthesis. Recent work have evidenced a significant association between lysine at amino acid position 232 with elevated milk fat content, while an alanine at this position is associated with lowered milk fat content. The aim of the present work was to develop a simple and inexpensive PCR-SSCP assay in order to discriminate the CG/AA alleles in exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene. In addition, this method was used to analyze the polymorphism of the DGAT1 through PCR-SSCP methods in 14 populations of cattle from Argentine, Bolivia and Uruguay. The PCR primers were designed from GenBank reported sequences. In this study, we found three PCR-SSCP variants, which were denominated from "A" to "C". However, DNA sequencing analysis showed that "A" variant corresponded with the A allele, while both "B" and "C" observed pattern have the motif AA at positions 10,433-10,434 (K allele), being two alternative conformations of the same DNA sequence. Both variants were detected within each breed with the exception of Hereford, and the heterozygosity varied between 0.000 and 0.524. The gene frequency analysis evidenced significant differences among the studied breeds (F(ST) = 0.325, p = 0.000). European Bos taurus breeds, with the exception of Jersey breed, showed the lowest frequency of the K allele, while highest K allele frequencies were harboured by Bos indicus type cattle. In addition, unselected South American Creole cattle breeds and the synthetic Brangus breed had intermediate allele frequencies.  相似文献   

14.
本研究应用RAPD标记技术对甘肃省小麦条锈菌主要流行的8个生理小种进行多态性标记分析,旨在寻找小麦条锈菌不同生理小种的特异性标记,共选用220条10碱基随机引物进行筛选,其中有147条可得到稳定清晰的扩增条带。研究结果显示,通过使用147条引物对甘肃省流行的8个条锈菌的生理小种进行RAPD分析,发现各致病小种间遗传变异丰富,其中引物S301在条中33号中扩增得到约507bp的特异条带;引物S39在条中32扩增得到长度约183bp的特异条带;引物S36在Hybrid46-8扩增得到约510bp的特异条带;引物S2140在Su11-4扩增得到约317bp的特异条带。另外,本研究还对扩增得到的特异片段进行回收并进行测序分析,其中依据小麦条锈菌生理小种Su11-4特异条带的测序结果设计特异引物,成功将其转化为对Su11-4小种特异的SCAR标记,这对不同条锈菌生理小种的快速准确检测具有重要意义。  相似文献   

15.
 为了阐明云南黄牛垂体转录因子(POU1F1)基因的群体变异特征,采用DNA序列分析和PCR-RFLP技术对云南地区5个黄牛群体（3个本地群体和2个引进品种）的垂体转录因子(POU1F1)基因的第5内含子和第6外显子进行了基因克隆测序和群体变异检测分析。在5个群体中均发现存在A和B两个等位基因,在国外引进的短角牛和安格斯牛中,A等位基因为优势等位基因,其基因频率分别为0.944和0.700;而在云南的昭通黄牛、迪庆黄牛和荷斯坦奶牛中B等位基因占优势,其基因频率分别为0.645,0.727和0.917;在短角牛和安格斯牛中,BB基因型频率为0;而在云南荷斯坦奶牛中,AA基因型频率为0。在所检测的座位中,昭通黄牛、迪庆黄牛和安格斯牛具有较高的杂合度,而其他群体该座位杂合度较低。  相似文献   

16.
Important differences are noted between the New Zealand and European cattle industries, in terms of both breeds and farming systems. Under pasture feeding, experimental data strongly suggest that selection and genetic evaluation for growth performance should be based on weight-for-age rather than on post-weaning weight gains. Carcass merit is more appropriately measured by the yield of trimmed boneless retail cuts than by accepted commercial grades.Relative to the nationally predominant Angus beef breed, research results demonstrate an advantage in final and carcass weight per animal of 5–10% for the Hereford and 20–30% for the Friesian, with the superiority being approximately halved in crossed with the Angus. In terms of weaning performance, the Friesian dam is greatly superior, the Hereford slightly inferior, to the Angus. Heterosis for growth traits is of the order of 5%.In crosses over Jersey cows the Charolais sire is superior to the Hereford but not to the Friesian for total meat output. Carcasses from the dairy breeds and dairy x beef crosses slaughtered at the same age contain a higher bone percentage and are less acceptable on traditional export grading standards than those of the British beef breeds, but nevertheless achieve high output and quality of lean meat.Preliminary results from current large-scale trials suggest that the larger European breeds have potential for improving growth rate and meat yield in crosses with local Angus and Hereford cattle but are more prone to difficult calvings and show later sexual maturity.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variability and relationships among five cattle breeds (Holstein, Pinzgau, Limousin, Slovak Spotted and Charolais) bred in the Slovak Republic were investigated separately using 11 microsatellite markers and 61 blood group systems. Allele frequency, heterozygosity (Ho, HE) and PIC values were investigated. F-statistics were computed separately. For microsatellite markers FIS, FIT, FST and for blood groups HS, HT, GST parameters were calculated. Microsatellite and blood group comparison showed similar results by F-statistics but some differences were marked using the other methods. Both methods were able to detect close relation between Slovak Pinzgau and Slovak Spotted cattle breeds. Their relation was confirmed by genetic distance, principal component analysis (PCA) and coefficient of admixture (mY). Important divergences between different markers used in the study were observed by the characterisation of Limousin and Charolais breeds.  相似文献   

18.
本研究以8个牛品种为研究对象,利用与大理石花纹评分基因相关的7个微卫星位点结合DNA池分析技术,探讨微卫星DNA多态性与8个牛品种大理石花纹评分间的关系,并根据性状同质性原理预测品种组合,以加快生产出高端"雪花"牛肉。结果表明:日本和牛与荷斯坦牛、安格斯牛、渤海黑牛的相似性系数均超过0.8,而日本和牛与其他牛品种的的相似性系数均小于0.8。利用MEGA4软件采用邻接法进行聚类,利木赞牛与西门塔尔牛先聚合在一起,再与草原红牛聚合;渤海黑牛与鲁西黄牛2个地方良种聚合在一起,以上5个品种聚为第1大类。荷斯坦牛与日本和牛聚合,再与安格斯牛聚在一起,它们聚为第2大类。根据本研究结果和国外肉牛杂交生产实践,从牛肉大理石花纹性状的同质性出发,建议利用日本和牛、荷斯坦牛为亲本,杂交生产高档"雪花"牛肉,以解决我国的肉牛牛源短缺问题。  相似文献   

19.
随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术在鹅育种上的应用   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
本文用4种引物（OPH5、OPH13、OPH16和OPF4）对隆昌鹅、太湖鹅和新太湖鹅进行基因组DNA、RAPD分析。结果表明：三种鹅都有特异性的条带,扩增DNA条带都表现为多态性,条带数为3-12条,大小范围在0.36-0.38kb之间,多态频率为72.14%;RAPD标记可作为一种辅助手段来比较鹅群体的遗传变异性,太湖鹅遗传变异性大于隆昌鹅;OPF-04很可能用作区分隆昌鹅与太湖鹅的标记性引物。  相似文献   

20.
早熟禾属植物种间关系的RAPD分析   总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12  
李阳春 《草业学报》2002,11(4):94-99
利用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术对10种早熟禾植物进行了基因组DNA多态性分析，对30个OPRON公司十聚体随机引物进行多态性筛选，28个可产生多态性，18个引物产生的250个DNA片段，用于计算种间的欧氏遗传相似性系数分析，在Statistic统计软件按非加权算术平均数（UPGMA）进行聚类并构建系统发育树状图，结果，10种早熟禾植物种间的亲缘关系，其变幅主要在6．7－8．5之间；其中P.botryoides与P.psilolepis之间的遗传距离最小，为6．7，其次是P.sinattenuata与P.sphondylodes遗传距离较近，为6．8，而P．sikkimensis与P.pratensis,P.sikkimensis与P.psilolepis之间的距离最远，均为10．5，这与形态学分类结果基本一致，说明RAPD分析方法可从分子生物学角度为早熟禾属植物的系统学分类提供更为有利和可靠的证据。  相似文献   

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