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Louis-Michel Nageleisen 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2001,6(3-4):159-162
After the December 1999 storms, two networks were set up over 2 years (2000 and 2001) to assess the scale and type of insect colonisation on storm damaged trees and to interpret these events for the future. The Level 1 network, was a large-scale survey that covered the entire storm area and provided qualitative observations on its 898 plots in which every major tree species was assessed. The Level 2 network, was a regional survey set up only in two regions: the 'Landes' region and the Northeast of France. The observations were intensive and quantitative, devoted only to maritime pine in the 'Landes' region and to Norway spruce in the Northeast of France. The Level 1 network indicated that less than 40% of the storm damaged trees were colonised by bark beetles in September 2000. No attacks were observed on standing trees in 2000 but many occurred during 2001 in spruce and maritime pine stands. The Level 2 network in the Vosges mountains showed a late colonisation in October and November 2000. The emerging population of Ips typographus on attacked trees reached 25 000–30 000 insects/m3. This huge population combined with the low rate of parasitism in 2001 leads to the expectation of increasing damage in spruce stands next year. 相似文献
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为了能够准确识别马铃薯甲虫,对该疫情进行及时防控,本文将马铃薯甲虫与同期发生的马铃薯二十八星瓢虫形态特征进行对比,同时阐述了马铃薯甲虫的生物学特性、寄主范围、传播方式,并根据实践经验,提出了科学有效的防控方法。 相似文献
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在室内测定了樟树(Cinnamomum camphora L.)天然产物莰酮-[2](Cam-phor C10H16O)的杀虫活性和作用方式，并进行了田间试验。结果表明，莰酮对天牛成虫有较强的驱避、熏蒸和触杀作用。每点投放2％莰酮DP1-2g，药后24h对天牛驱避效果为55．00％-85．00％，药后72h达到94．12％-100．00％；熏蒸致死中浓度为8．20mg/L，触杀致死中浓度为15．25mg／L。经回归和相关分析，处理浓度与作用效果相关性均达到极显著水平。每洞穴喷2％莰酮DP0．1-0．2g，对天牛幼虫防治效果达85．80％-100％；每袋装2％莰酮DP1．5-2．5g，药后7-15天对天牛成虫驱避效果为80．95％-100％。药后30-60天为68．29％-86．36％，田间防治效果显著。 相似文献
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以日本金龟子幼虫为繁殖寄主，对春黑小土蜂的人工繁殖技术进行了研究。试验结果表明：土蜂幼虫的发育历期，寄生三龄蛴螬的比二龄蛴螬的平均短3．76d；成茧率高1．87倍。二龄蛴螬繁殖的土蜂80％以上是雄性，三龄蛴螬繁殖的雌性蜂占60％以上。5％蜂蜜水和蔗糖水是成蜂较为理想的营养补充饲料。寄生作用率随接蜂数量的增加而减少。在土蜂产卵高峰期，种内干扰系数最高。单雌平均获卵量和获茧数随更换寄主频次的增加而增加，以每8h更换一次寄主最为适合。 相似文献
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几种杀虫剂对烟草甲幼虫的触杀毒力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用烟虫幼虫作试虫，测定了不同浓度的灭多威，乙酰甲胺磷，敌敌畏和敌百虫等４种药剂在４８ｈ和７２ｈ后的触杀毒力，发现灭多威对烟草甲幼虫触杀活性最高，药效发挥最快，乙酰甲胺磷次之，敌百虫活性最小，药效发挥最慢。 相似文献
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采用旋转包衣法研制出1%噻虫嗪·联苯菊酯颗粒剂。采用优选组合法对多种助剂进行筛选,确定最优配方为:噻虫嗪0.5%、联苯菊酯0.5%;木质素磺酸钠0.1%;着色剂0.1%;白炭黑0.8%;JPPC-02 1.4%;凯松0.004%;黄原胶0.002%;硅酸铝镁0.006%;水0.79%;河砂补至100%。田间药效试验表明,该颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲有较好的防治效果,在450和600g/hm~2有效成分的用量下,药后15d对成虫和幼虫的防治效果均在80%以上,显示出较强的应用前景和开发价值。 相似文献
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检疫性小蠹虫的鉴定,因其虫体小,种间形态特征难以准确把握,给木材的检疫工作带来较大困难。当遇到幼虫时还需饲养为成虫再进行鉴定,增加了工作难度。应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对俄罗斯进境木材7种小蠹虫幼虫、成虫的酯酶同工酶进行了比较分析。结果表明7种小蠹虫幼虫酶带数目均比成虫多,酶活性也较成虫强。幼虫和成虫之间有多条迁移率接近的酶带,酶带相似性及聚类分析均证明可以将这些酶带作为种的特征性谱带。研究表明,当形态特征作为鉴定标准较难准确掌握时,可用幼虫或成虫同工酶电泳图谱来鉴定其种类。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Infestation by stored-product pests causes serious losses in food and feed commodities. Among possible strategies against these pests, which aim to reduce the use of synthetic insecticides, including fumigants, natural insecticides produced by plants represent one of the most promising approaches for their ecochemical control. Three six-carbon and nine-carbon aldehydes, natural plant volatiles produced by the plant lipoxygenase pathway, were tested for their insecticidal activity against five species of stored-product beetles in feeding, fumigation and combined bioassays. RESULTS: The compounds (2E,6Z)-nonadienal, (2E)-nonenal and (2E)-hexenal were incorporated into feeding discs in feeding bioassays or evaporated from filter paper in closed glass chambers in fumigation tests. Beetle sensitivity to aldehydes differed according to the different treatments. The highest activity was obtained by (2E)-hexenal in fumigation tests, with the LC(50) ranging from 4 to 26 mg L(-1), while (2E, 6Z)-nonadienal was the most effective in feeding tests, giving LD(50)s ranging from 0.44 to 2.76 mg g(-1) when applied to feeding discs. Fumigation tests in the presence of wheat grains confirmed that (2E)-hexenal was the most effective compound, with a calculated LC(99) ranging from 33 to 166 mg L(-1). CONCLUSION: The results of both feeding and fumigation tests indicated that natural plant aldehydes are potential candidates to control stored-product beetles. 相似文献
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在广州,深圳等多个地点的田间试验结果表明,土壤施用斯氏线虫(Steinernema carpo-capsae)Agriotis 品系的侵染期线虫悬浮液来控制黄曲条跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata)幼虫的种群数量,当线虫剂量为100万条/m~2时,线虫的寄生率为40%—70%,有效虫口密度下降38%～84%;以50万条/m~2剂量的线虫与低浓度(1∶1000)的敌百虫混合施用,对跳甲的作用效果和前一种处理所取得的效果相接近。线虫施进土壤后15—20天内对跳甲幼虫尤其是三龄幼虫种群数量控制作用较好,超过这段时间其作用明显下降。因此,在蔬菜移栽至收割期间,施用二至三次100万条/m~2剂量的线虫悬液或50万条/m~2剂量的线虫与1000倍的敌百虫混合液,对黄曲条跳甲可取得较好的防治效果。 相似文献
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以云南主栽核桃品种漾濞泡核桃林为研究对象, 使用4种引诱剂诱捕天牛, 实地调查天牛发生种类及种群消长动态, 结果表明:漾濞泡核桃林发生的天牛种类有3亚科7属11种, 它们分别是幽天牛亚科的梗天牛属, 天牛亚科的闪光天牛属和绿虎天牛属, 沟胫天牛亚科的墨天牛属、梯天牛属、星天牛属和瘤象天牛属, 其中以墨天牛属的松墨天牛、梗天牛属的赤梗天牛、梯天牛属的橄榄梯天牛、瘤象天牛属的麻点瘤象天牛数量居多, 分别占诱捕总量的65.77%、15.32%、7.21%和2.70%。首次发现闪光天牛属的中华闪光天牛对核桃有较严重为害。对核桃有为害的天牛共有7种, 分别是:绿虎天牛属的绿毛绿虎天牛、梯天牛属的粗角梯天牛、星天牛属的星天牛和蓝斑星天牛、瘤象天牛属的灰背瘤象天牛和麻点瘤象天牛、闪光天牛属的中华闪光天牛。试验区天牛成虫的活动期集中发生在5月-7月。该研究为云南漾濞泡核桃林天牛的科学监测和及时防治提供了理论依据和指导。 相似文献
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中国捕食粘虫的步甲种类检索 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文报道了中国捕食粘虫的步甲38种,其中10种为过去未曾报道过,分别为：麻步甲Carabus brandti Faldermann,侧步甲C．latreillei Fischer,黄斑青步甲Chlaenius micans Fabricius,后斑青步甲Ch．posticalis Motschulsky,彩角青步甲Ch．touzalini Andrewes,小短背步甲Curtonotus fodinae(Mannerheim),巨短背步甲C．giganetus(Motschulsky),毛婪步甲Harpalus griseus(Panzer),单齿婪步甲H．simplicidens Schauberger和黑足婪步甲H．roninus Bates。文中给出38种步甲的分类检索表及每个种的地理分布。 相似文献
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The Red Queen in a potato field: integrated pest management versus chemical dependency in Colorado potato beetle control 
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下载免费PDF全文 Andrei Alyokhin David Mota‐Sanchez Mitchell Baker William E Snyder Sandra Menasha Mark Whalon Galen Dively Wassem F Moarsi 《Pest management science》2015,71(3):343-356
Originally designed to reconcile insecticide applications with biological control, the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) developed into the systems‐based judicious and coordinated use of multiple control techniques aimed at reducing pest damage to economically tolerable levels. Chemical control, with scheduled treatments, was the starting point for most management systems in the 1950s. Although chemical control is philosophically compatible with IPM practices as a whole, reduction in pesticide use has been historically one of the main goals of IPM practitioners. In the absence of IPM, excessive reliance on pesticides has led to repeated control failures due to the evolution of resistance by pest populations. This creates the need for constant replacement of failed chemicals with new compounds, known as the ‘insecticide treadmill’. In evolutionary biology, a similar phenomenon is known as the Red Queen principle – continuing change is needed for a population to persevere because its competitors undergo constant evolutionary adaptation. The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is an insect defoliator of potatoes that is notorious for its ability to develop insecticide resistance. In the present article, a review is given of four case studies from across the United States to demonstrate the importance of using IPM for sustainable management of a highly adaptable insect pest. Excessive reliance on often indiscriminate insecticide applications and inadequate use of alternative control methods, such as crop rotation, appear to expedite evolution of insecticide resistance in its populations. Resistance to IPM would involve synchronized adaptations to multiple unfavorable factors, requiring statistically unlikely genetic changes. Therefore, integrating different techniques is likely to reduce the need for constant replacement of failed chemicals with new ones. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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A-3型松褐天牛引诱剂诱虫谱研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2002～2004年,在广州地区应用A-3型松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope(鞘翅目Coleoptera天牛科Cerambycidae)引诱剂诱捕鞘翅目昆虫,结果表明：A-3型松褐天牛引诱剂具有较广的诱虫谱,可以诱捕到鞘翅目中10个科48种昆虫；松树的主要蛀干害虫是松褐天牛、赤梗天牛Arhopalus unicolor Ganhan、马尾松角胫象Shirahoshizo patruelis Voss、松瘤象Hyposipalus gigas Fabricius和松纵坑切梢小蠹Tomicus piniperda Linnaeus等小蠹虫；进一步分离所诱捕的松褐天牛及其他松树主要蛀干害虫携带松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Nickle的情况,发现松褐天牛与赤梗天牛均携带松材线虫,其中松褐天牛是松材线虫病最重要的传播媒介。 相似文献