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1.
利用化学镀方法在水曲柳单板表面沉积Ni-Cu-P三元合金,考察镀液pH值和施镀温度对镀后单板电磁屏蔽效能的影响,利用X-射线衍射(XRD)和能谱(EDS)分析各镀层的组织结构和成分含量,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察镀后单板的表面形貌.结果表明:镀液的pH值在8.5～9.5范围内,所得各镀层均为微晶态,但Cu和P的含量有所差异.镀液的pH值为9.25时,镀后单板的电磁屏蔽效能在9 kHz～1.5 GHz频段达50 dB,镀层中Cu和P的含量分别为9.73%和1.70%;镀液的pH值恒定,施镀温度由60 ℃升高至72 ℃,所得镀层均为微晶镀层,其中63 ℃施镀单板的电磁屏蔽效能最高.扫描电镜观察发现,木材表面完全被均匀、致密、连续的镀层覆盖,具有显著的金属光泽. 相似文献
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无电解电镀法制备具有电磁屏蔽功能的木材-金属复合材料 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用无电解电镀的方法制备了导电且具有电磁屏蔽功能的木材-金属复合材料.探讨了镀液用量、施镀时间和施镀温度对复合材料的表面电阻率和电磁屏蔽效能的影响,同时利用能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜分析(SEM)方法分别测定了不同施镀温度下得到的各镀层的磷含量、微结构和表面形貌.实验结果表明,在镀液使用量为500mL,施镀时间为30min和施镀温度为62℃的最优条件下,所得镀层的导电性和电磁屏蔽效果最佳.而且发现,随着施镀温度的提高,镀层中磷含量缓慢增加.XRD分析表明不同温度所得各镀层的结构均为多晶结构,通过SEM分析,镀层均匀、连续且具有金属光泽,说明在pH值一定的条件下,施镀温度对镀层结构和表面相貌的影响很小.图7表3参11. 相似文献
3.
利用无电解电镀的方法制备了导电且具有电磁屏蔽功能的木材-金属复合材料。探讨了镀液用量、施镀时间和施镀温度对复合材料的表面电阻率和电磁屏蔽效能的影响,同时利用能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜分析(SEM)方法分别测定了不同施镀温度下得到的各镀层的磷含量、微结构和表面形貌。实验结果表明,在镀液使用量为500mL,施镀时间为30min和施镀温度为62℃的最优条件下,所得镀层的导电性和电磁屏蔽效果最佳。而且发现,随着施镀温度的提高,镀层中磷含量缓慢增加。XRD分析表明不同温度所得各镀层的结构均为多晶结构,通过SEM分析,镀层均匀、连续且具有金属光泽,说明在pH值一定的条件下,施镀温度对镀层结构和表面相貌的影响很小。 相似文献
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化学镀镍桦木单板的镀层成分分析及性能研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
通过对桦木单板表面化学镀镍,可以得到连续、均匀的镀层,从而制得具有良好导电性和电磁屏蔽功能的木材-金属复合材料。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表明:看似光滑的桦木单板表面是很粗糙的,经化学镀后桦木表面金属感极强,但基本构造没有明显改变。利用能谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明:镀层中主要成分为镍,磷含量很低。X射线衍射仪分析表明镀层为多晶结构。此木材-金属复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能在9kHz~1.5GHz的频率范围内可达到60dB,导电性和导热性能较素材有显著提高。 相似文献
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桦木单板化学镀镍过程的FTIR和XPS分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用化学镀法在桦木表面获得Ni-P合金镀层.利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术,分析桦木单板化学镀前预处理后,桦木表面官能团的变化和化学镀后元素的变化.FTIR分析表明:分别经活化和解胶处理后的桦木单板表面FTIR谱与素材几乎重合,表明活化和解胶处理过程没有使木材表面发生任何化学反应.XPS分析结果表明:活化后桦木单板表面吸附了内部包裹着具有催化作用的Pd0胶粒,此时Pd0起不到催化作用;解胶后,Pd0才显露出来并催化化学镀反应的进行,但化学镀过程之初是Ni先沉积而P的沉积滞后,所得镀层成分为Ni-P合金. 相似文献
6.
化学镀镍单板的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了实现单板的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能,对单板进行了化学镀镍研究,通过表面电阻率和电磁波网络分析仪测量方法对化学镀镍单板的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能进行了分析。结果表明：化学镀镍单板的导电性随着金属镍沉积量的增加而增加,但单板的导电性具有各向异性,平行于纤维方向的导电性要好于垂直于纤维方向的导电性。此外,这种各向异性在金属镍沉积量较少的情况下表现得更加明显,化学镀镍单板的电磁波屏蔽效能随着由于金属镍沉积量的增加而引起导电性的增加而增大,在本研究中化学镀镍单板的电磁波屏蔽效能可以达到30～60dB。 相似文献
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均匀设计法优化桦木醇超声波辅助提取工艺 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以95%(体积分数,下同)的乙醇为溶剂,利用均匀设计法优化了超声波辅助提取白桦树皮中桦木醇的工艺,考察了各因素对桦木醇提取率的影响,并以高效液相色谱法测定了萃取物中桦木醇的含量。结果表明,在超声波功率400 W、提取时间70 min、提取温度70℃、液固比40∶1(mL∶g)的条件下,超声波辅助提取桦木醇提取率可达到83.43%±1.89%,纯度71.20%±0.74%。与传统回流提取法相比,超声波辅助提取法提取时间短、提取率高,具有一定的应用前景。用5%的碳酸钠水溶液对原料进行预处理,可减少酸性杂质对桦木醇提取的干扰。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献