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1.
河南省鸵鸟隐孢子虫流行病学调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了系统掌握河南地区鸵鸟隐孢子虫流行状况,于2006年8月～2007年8月对河南地区6个养殖场共829份样品应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法进行感染情况调查,结果显示隐孢子虫总感染率为1.7%(14/829),其中,郑州某驼鸟场的感染率2.8%(14/506),其他养殖场未发现隐孢子虫感染.所查到的14份隐孢子虫阳性样品来自20～40日龄鸵鸟,表明幼龄鸵鸟更容易感染隐孢子虫.鸵鸟隐孢子虫卵囊大小为4.2～6.0 μm×4.5～5.0 μm,平均5.56 μm×4.48 μm,卵囊形状指数(L/W )为1.24(n=100),根据卵囊形态结构特征初步鉴定为贝氏隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium baileyi). 相似文献
2.
用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对采自犬养殖场、郑州郊区宠物市场、实验动物房、宠物医院以及郑州郊县农村的309份犬粪便样品进行了隐孢子虫感染情况调查,同时用幼犬和SCID小鼠进行了人工感染试验。结果显示,隐孢子虫平均感染率为2.59%（8/309）;犬养殖场、郑州郊县农村和实验动物房犬的隐孢子虫感染率分别为0.56%（1/179）、10.53%（2/19）、16.67%（5/30）,而宠物市场、宠物医院的被调查犬未发现隐孢子虫感染。所查到的8份隐孢子虫阳性样品有6份来自1~3月龄的幼犬,表明幼犬更容易感染隐孢子虫。动物感染试验表明,犬源隐孢子虫不感染SCID小鼠和2月龄非免疫抑制幼犬,但能感染免疫抑制幼犬。组织切片用HE染色观察的结果显示,犬源隐孢子虫主要寄生在幼犬的十二指肠和空肠。根据卵囊形态大小和动物感染试验结果,将从犬分离的隐孢子虫初步鉴定为犬隐孢子虫。 相似文献
3.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(8):109-112
为了解河南省奶牛安氏隐孢子虫病流行情况,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对河南省12个规模化奶牛场和7个奶牛养殖小区共计2 268份粪便样本进行检查,发现109份为阳性粪便样本,感染率为4.8%。卵囊呈长椭圆形,平均大小为7.8μm×6.4μm,卵囊指数为1.22;12个养殖场中10个为阳性场,7个养殖小区中4个为阳性小区,不同地区奶牛安氏隐孢子虫感染率统计学差异显著(P0.05);不同年龄段奶牛安氏隐孢子虫感染率统计学差异极显著(P0.01);不同养殖方式奶牛隐孢子虫感染率统计学差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明:奶牛隐孢子虫感染流行范围较广,存在一定人兽共患风险。 相似文献
4.
河南省山羊隐孢子虫流行病学调查 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对河南省4个山羊场进行了隐孢子虫病流行病学调查.采集山羊粪样1 017份,以饱和蔗糖漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法检查,结果共检出隐孢子虫卵囊阳性山羊粪样28份,平均感染率为2.75%;有2个山羊场检出隐孢子虫卵囊,场感染率为50%;中牟某羊场阳性率最高,达4.95%;在各年龄段中,2～4月龄山羊隐孢子虫感染率最高,达5.43%;山羊隐孢子虫感染可能与季节有关;所检出的隐孢子虫卵囊经形态学观察,初步鉴定为微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum). 相似文献
5.
(1)对长春地区兔、小鼠、牛以及婴幼儿腹泻的隐孢子虫感染情况作了调查,其感染率分别为36%、90%、9/10和1/22;(2)对兔隐孢子虫卵囊排出规律的观察结果表明,每隔6～8d出现一个高峰期,在两个高峰期之间有时检不到卵囊;(3)交叉感染试验,从兔粪便中分离的卵囊经口感染BALB/c乳鼠和雏鸡后,在鼠粪便中检到卵囊,而在鸡粪便中未发现卵囊;(4)建立了兔和鼠的隐孢子虫病动物模型;(5)成功地进行了隐孢子虫体外培养试验;(6)鼠隐孢子虫病的治疗药物筛选结果,10~(-3)mol/L SM520和10~(-6)mol/LSMW在体外对隐孢子虫有杀灭作用;动物试验发现,中药配方I和SMW对鼠隐孢子虫有一定抑制作用. 相似文献
6.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(4):686-691
为了阐明陕北黑山羊隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)的感染情况、种类及其遗传进化关系,本研究利用形态学和分子生物学方法,分析了107份不同年龄段黑山羊粪便样品中的隐孢子虫的感染状况、种类以及遗传进化关系。结果发现,黑山羊存在隐孢子虫感染,感染率为14%(15/107)。序列比对分析表明,7份阳性样品为牛隐孢子虫(C.bovis)感染,6份为肖氏隐孢子虫(C.xiaoi)感染,2份为C.bovis和C.xiaoi混合感染。系统进化树显示9个分离株与C.bovis位于同一分支,而与C.xiao位于同1个分支的有8个分离株。结果为陕北黑山羊乃至其他山羊的隐孢子虫病分子流行病学研究及防控提供了理论基础。 相似文献
7.
以隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium spp.)18S rRNA为靶基因,通过巢氏PCR检测发现在采集的101份新鲜粪便样品中18份样本为阳性。不同地区羊场的隐孢子虫感染率分别为：李集镇36%(18/50),新安镇0%(0/30)、堆沟港镇0%(0/21)未检出隐孢子虫。但通过对4羊场的分析发现,有2个羊场(50%)为隐孢子虫感染阳性,且不同的羊场感染率差异显著,因此单纯的以地区来评价隐孢子虫的感染率,是值得商榷的。山羊隐孢子虫的感染率为33.3%,湖羊隐孢子虫的感染率为2%。2～6月龄的育肥羊隐孢子虫的感染率为36%,6～10月龄的育成羊(0%)。对检测为阳性的样品进行了隐孢子虫18S rRNA基因片段序列分析,发现18个样品全部为肖氏隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium xiaoi),不存在泛在隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium ubiquitum)。在检测隐孢子虫感染阳性的1个山羊场和1个羊湖羊场均存在肖氏隐孢子虫感染,不存在泛在隐孢子虫,更未发现肖氏隐孢子虫和泛在隐孢子虫的混合感染。目前的数据提示肖氏隐孢子虫对2～6月龄山羊(33.3%)和湖羊(2%)具有更高的... 相似文献
8.
隐孢子虫病（Cryptosporidiosis）是由隐孢子虫属原虫引起的一种人畜共患的肠道寄生虫病。动物感染后常见的临床体征为间歇性水泻、脱水、厌食、进行性消瘦和减重。本试验应用直接涂片法、饱和盐水漂浮法、离心法以及改良抗酸染色法对沈阳东陵区3个猪养殖场的53头猪的粪便样品进行了隐孢子虫卵囊的分离。结果显示,未经染色隐孢子虫近似圆形,无色,囊壁光滑,卵囊内可见到数量不等的暗色颗粒,卵囊平均大小为4.1μm×3.6μm。经改良抗酸染色法染色后的隐孢子虫卵囊呈红色,近似圆形,轮廓清晰,背景为绿色。不同年龄的猪隐孢子虫感染率不同,年龄越小感染强度越大,育肥猪的感染率为4%,断奶仔猪的感染率为11%。 相似文献
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10.
目的了解合肥市犬隐孢子虫的感染情况。方法在合肥市随机采集不同年龄、性别与饲养条件的犬粪样69份,采用金胺-酚改良抗酸染色法检测粪样隐孢子虫感染情况,并根据卵囊大小和形态,进行虫种鉴定。结果犬隐孢子虫感染率为28.99%。对68个隐孢子虫卵囊进行观察和测量,椭圆形卵囊大小平均为6.20μm×4.34μm,卵囊形状指数平均为1.44,初步鉴定为鼠隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium muris）;近圆形卵囊,大小平均为4.69μm×4.58μm,卵囊形状指数平均为1.125,初步鉴定为微小隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium parvum）。结论犬隐孢子虫的感染率存在年龄差异,年龄越小,感染率越高;饲养管理条件差的犬隐孢子虫感染率高;而隐孢子虫感染率与性别没有关系。 相似文献
11.
In order to compare natural infection by Cyptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. in clinically healthy dogs living in two situations (animal shelter and household pets), we conducted 166 faecal exams using the technique of centrifugation-flotation in a sugar-saturated solution. Of the faecal samples, 94 came from shelter dogs and 72 from house pets. Eighty-two (49.4%) contained parasite eggs, cysts or oocysts. Of these, four (2.41%) contained Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts and 52 (31.33%) contained Giardia sp. cysts. There was no statistically significant difference between the origin of the dogs and Cryptosporidium sp. infection. Infection by Cryptosporidium sp. was not associated with the living conditions and sex. With respect to Giardia sp., we observed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the shelter dogs (45%) and the household pets 12.3%. There was no association of infection by Giardia sp. with age or sex. 相似文献
12.
AJ Burton DV Nydam KJ Mitchell DD Bowman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,241(4):496-498
Objective-To determine the apparent prevalence of shedding of Cryptosporidium spp in healthy alpaca crias and their dams on 14 farms in New York and 1 farm in Pennsylvania. Design-Cross-sectional study. Animals-110 alpaca crias and their 110 dams. Procedures-Fecal samples were obtained from 220 alpacas at 14 alpaca farms in New York and 1 farm in Pennsylvania. For each animal, age, sex, and health condition were recorded. A fecal score (1 = normally formed; 2 = soft or loose; 3 = diarrhetic) was recorded for each cria. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in fecal samples by a direct immunofluorescence assay. Results-Apparent prevalence of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 8% (95% confidence interval, 4% to 15%) in dams and was 7% (95% confidence interval, 3% to 13%) in crias. There was no significant difference in age between dams with positive fecal test results for Cryptosporidium oocysts (median age, 4 years; range, 3 to 8 years) and dams with negative results (median age, 4 years; range, 2.5 to 19 years). No significant difference was found in age between crias with positive fecal test results (median age, 20 days; range, 7 to 53 days) and those with negative results (median, 36 days; range, 2 to 111 days). No significant difference in fecal scores was found between crias with positive versus negative fecal test results. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-A higher than previously reported apparent prevalence of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts in healthy alpacas was found. A zoonotic risk should be considered, especially for Cryptosporidium parvum. 相似文献
13.
Wang R Qi M Jingjing Z Sun D Ning C Zhao J Zhang L Xiao L 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(1-2):151-154
Few data are available on the molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in ostriches. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species or genotypes in ostriches. A total of 452 fecal samples from five farms, a zoo, and an animal rescue center in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts by microscopy of wet mount of fecal materials concentrated by the Sheather's sugar flotation technique. Fifty-three samples were Cryptosporidium-positive from four farms, with an overall prevalence of 11.7%. The percentage of animals shedding oocysts was 0, 16.2%, 7.2%, and 0 in 1-3 weeks, 4-8 weeks, 3-12 months, and more than 12 months ostriches, respectively (χ(2)=17.74; ρ<0.01). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of the 53 Cryptosporidium-positive samples showed the presence of only Cryptosporidium baileyi, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the SSU rRNA PCR products from 16 positive samples. Cross-transmission studies demonstrated that the C. baileyi isolate could infect chickens and quails. Thus, ostriches are commonly infected with C. baileyi that is genetically and biologically similar to C. baileyi found in other birds. 相似文献
14.
Sepúlveda MA Muñoz-Zanzi C Rosenfeld C Jara R Pelican KM Hill D 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(1-2):60-65
American mink (Neovison vison) is a widely distributed invasive species in southern Chile. Thirty four feral minks were trapped at two distinct sites (rural and peri-urban), diet analyzed and Toxoplasma gondii exposure compared using PCR and specific antibodies. Serum samples were evaluated using a commercial latex agglutination test where a titer ≥ 1:32 was considered positive. Of 30 mink analyzed, 21 (70%) were positive to T. gondii antibodies, with titers ranging from 1:32 to 1:2048. As expected, adult mink showed higher seroprevalence of exposure to T. gondii (18/21) than young mink (3/9) (P=0.008). There was not statistically significant difference between sex groups (P=0.687). Differences in seroprevalence were observed between the two sample sites with a higher proportion of positive individuals in the peri-urban area, and therefore, closer to human settlements (35.7% vs. 100%, P=0.0001). Individuals positive to T. gondii using PCR and/or serology showed similar differences by site with higher infected individuals in peri-urban areas (58.8% vs. 100%, P=0.007). Diet of American mink based in fecal composition analyses was mainly based on crustaceans (frequency of occurrence: crustaceans=100%, birds and rodents<7%), suggesting that the high observed prevalence of T. gondii infection might be more associated with its aquatic behavior (e.g. ingestion of oocysts in contaminated fresh water) than with their trophic behavior (e.g. preying over species that can have T. gondii cysts in their tissues). As an invasive species potentially subject to routine culling to maintain population sizes under control, minks could be used as a sentinel species to monitor pathogens of public and wildlife health importance, such as T. gondii, in aquatic environments. 相似文献
15.
为快速检测并准确鉴别奶牛隐孢子虫种,以隐孢子虫18S rRNA基因的特殊区域为基础,设计内、外引物,并根据软件分析确定相应的内切酶EcoT141,采用Nested PCR-RFLP方法进行虫种种型鉴别分析。在Nested PCR两次PCR反应中,以微小隐孢子虫（Cryptos poridium parvum,C．p）和安氏隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium andersoni,C．an）卵囊提取的DNA为模板,均能扩增出长约800bp和500bp的明亮条带,且特异性强,其他虫种不能扩增出条带,该方法最低可检测到5个卵囊／g粪便;对于由内引物扩增出的500bp的条带,C.an的PCR产物能被内切酶EcoT141酶切,酶切后的片段分别为416bp和92bp,C.p的PCR产物不能被此酶酶切。用所建立的Nested PCR-RFLP法对上海奶牛389头和进口奶牛200头的共计589份粪样进行检测,Nested PCR的结果表明上海奶牛和进口奶牛的隐孢子虫阳性率分别为19．02％和3．5％,RFLP的结果表明上海奶牛感染的主要是Cp和C．an,进口奶牛感染的主要是C．p。研究结果表明,本研究建立的检测奶牛粪便中的隐孢子虫的NestedPCR-RFLP法,可用于奶牛隐孢子虫流行病学调查并有效鉴别奶牛隐孢子虫种。 相似文献
16.
Utility of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene in a nested PCR approach for detection infection in cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A preliminary molecular epidemiological study was carried out to investigate the utility of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene in the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal samples. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach using COWP gene primers was adopted for this purpose. Fecal samples were spiked with each of 1, 10, and 100 oocysts of C. parvum, four samples for each number, and the DNA was extracted from each sample using a glassbead method. The presence of oocysts was determined using the nested PCR with COWP gene primers, and the limit of detection of oocysts by the PCR was determined. The limit of detection was 100 oocysts spiked in 1 ml of fecal material (50% sold material) (four positives/four samples tested). Seventy-five percent of DNA extracted samples spiked with 1 and 10 oocysts was positive by the PCR (three positives/four samples tested). Based on this, small sample size using the COWP gene primers with a nested PCR analysis could reliably identify infected animals rather conveniently and accurately. 相似文献
17.
Cryptosporidium parvum infection and the pattern of oocyst shedding were observed in calves. A total of 480 fecal samples were collected from 30 calves (age, < or =30 days) over a period of 10 months from June 1998 to March 1999. A sucrose centrifugal flotation technique revealed 28/30 (93%) calves were passing Cryptosporidium oocysts. Oocyst shedding was first detected on the sixth day after birth, with 8% of the calves testing positive. This rate increased day by day and reached approximately 80% by day 15. Oocyst shedding varied from 1 to 13 days, with a mean of 7 days. Calves infected with C. parvum had a significantly higher rate of diarrhea (33%) than non-infected calves (8%) (P<0.05), suggesting C. parvum infection as the likely cause. The mean number of oocysts excreted by calves < or =30 days old was approximately 6x10(7) per gram of feces. These results indicated that one calf would excrete some 6x10(11) oocysts in the first month after birth, taking both the quantity of feces in a day and the period of excretion into consideration. Accordingly, it is clear that calves are important in the spread of cryptosporidiosis to calves and humans. 相似文献
18.
T Matsui T Fujino M Tsuji 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(5):471-474
Five groups of 4 mice each were inoculated with 10(6) Cryptosporidium muris oocysts. They were necropsied on days 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. The stomach mucosa from each group were made into 10% suspension in physiological saline and were orally inoculated to 2 mice each. Recipients given suspension from infected mice on day 6, 8 and 10 shed oocysts from 6, 9 and 6, respectively. Similarly, White Leghorn received 10(6) Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were killed daily between 1 and 6 days. Recipients given bursa of Fabricius or caecum of donor birds on days 4, 5 and 6 shed oocysts. The endogenous stages of murine and chicken Cryptosporidium were able to infect the appropriate host. 相似文献
19.
Nguyen ST Honma H Geurden T Ikarash M Fukuda Y Huynh VV Nguyen DT Nakai Y 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):848-852
We investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium oocysts shedding in pigs in Central Vietnam. A total of 740 single fecal samples collected from diarrheic and non-diarrheic pigs on 89 farms were screened by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. Prevalence at the animal and the farm levels were 18.1% (134/740) and 71.9% (64/89), respectively. Risk factors for the infection were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that age, sanitary condition and topography were significantly associated with oocyst shedding (P<0.05). Pre-weaned piglets were at the highest risk for infection, followed by post-weaners, sows and finishing pigs. Good sanitary conditions showed positive effects in decreasing oocysts shedding. Topographically, Cryptosporidium was more common in mountainous zone than that in coastal delta zone. There was an association between the occurrence of diarrhea and the level of Cryptosporidium oocyst excretion within infected pigs. This is the first epidemiological investigation of prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium in pigs in Vietnam. 相似文献