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以荒漠地区栽植的3年生胡杨苗木为试验对象,研究了胡杨苗木栽植前对其根系泡水时间、栽植时间、栽植深度、栽植后的修剪、栽植后30d内的浇水间隔时间以及胡杨锈病的防治时段等因素对荒漠区胡杨栽植成活率及保存率的影响。结果表明:栽植前对其根系泡水时间不同,其栽植成活率也不同,泡水时间10~15d,其成活率最高;栽植时间对其成活率也有影响,在试验区最佳栽植时间为4月中旬;栽植深度不同其成活率也不同,最佳栽植深度为苗木根际土低于地表土10~15cm;栽植后的最佳修剪方法是根据苗木大小,在2~2.5m高度处留2~3根枝条,并留2~3个芽短截,其余的枝条要全部清除;栽植后30d内的最合理浇水间隔时段为7d;胡杨锈病防治的最佳时段为5月下旬至8月下旬。 相似文献
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为了提高干旱半干旱浅山区油用牡丹(Paeonia rockii)栽植成活率和生长量,研究了不同栽植时期不同栽植方法对物候期、成活率、枝条和根系生长量的影响。结果表明:不同时期不同栽植方法中秋季覆土斜栽的成活率、枝条长度、粗度、叶片数、根系长度和鲜质量最高,分别为98.42%、42.13cm、25.64mm、10.35片/株、45.59cm和216.28g,较最低值春季露头直栽分别提高了60.37%、50.09%、37.85%、64.03%、47.25%和18.13%。建议干旱半干旱浅山区采用秋季覆土斜栽技术来提高油用牡丹成活率和生长量。 相似文献
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《林业实用技术》2016,(6)
通过对比试验研究了不同沙藏、库藏、袋藏和假植保存措施对葡萄苗其含水量、成活率、生长量、保存成本的影响。结果表明:沙藏处理的葡萄苗在同一保存存期内,根系、枝条含水量、栽植成活率和生长量最高,保存成本最低;在不同保存期内,随着保存期的延长,根系、枝条含水量、栽植成活率和生长量降幅最低,保存成本保持不变。保存15d时沙藏处理栽植成活率、主梢粗度和长度分别为86.56%、8.91mm和143.12cm;保存30d时沙藏处理栽植成活率、主梢粗度和长度分别为86.06%、8.75mm和102.09cm,且不同保存期保存成本均为0.25/株。建议利用沙藏来保存葡萄苗,提高成活率和生长量。 相似文献
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甘蒙柽柳(Tamarix austronongolica Nakai)是优良的水土保持树种。通过不同条件下进行的甘蒙柽柳扦插造林试验,结果表明:在春季用甘蒙柽柳进行扦插造林时,上端覆盖虚土的插穗的成活率显著高于不覆土的插穗;新修筑的地埂上的插穗成活率显著高于修筑2年以上地埂的插穗的成活率;30cm、25cm的插穗成活率与15cm插差异显著,可通过增大长度为15cm的插穗的造林密度以满足造林需要。 相似文献
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榆林毛乌素沙地臭柏苗木造林试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在榆林毛乌素沙地进行了臭柏苗立地条件、苗木种类、苗木处理、栽植深度等4因素4水平正交造林试验和1a生臭柏扦插苗不同苗木处理造林试验,结果为立地条件、苗木种类、苗木处理对造林成活率有极显著或显著影响,栽植深度对造林成活率影响不显著,最优组合是背风坡、2a生实生苗、苗木带土处理、栽植深度比原土痕迹深3cm;把1a生臭柏扦插苗进行浸水处理、栽植在沙丘背风坡最有利。 相似文献
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选择福建武夷山天然甜槠林作为研究对象,对不同深度土壤CO2浓度、土壤温度、土壤含水量同步进行日动态观测。结果表明：0～60cm深度土壤CO2浓度随深度的增加而升高,60cm深度以下土壤CO2浓度有所降低;不同深度土壤CO2浓度的日变化均呈现单峰型;不同深度土壤温度变化幅度较小,各层日变化模式相似;不同深度土壤含水量变化很小,且日变化模式无明显规律性;指数拟合分析显示,10、20、60、80cm土壤CO2浓度与温度具有极显著相关性,5、10、40cm土壤CO2浓度与含水量的相关性显著。 相似文献
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V. Geissen R. -Y. Kim A. Schning St. Schütte G. W. Brümmer 《Forest Ecology and Management》2003,180(1-3):75-83
We investigated the initial effects of strip wise soil loosening (0–35 cm depth) on soil chemical and physical parameters by using a deeply working rotary cultivator in combination with liming and mixing of the dolomite with the soil material of acidic forests. The investigations took place 8 months after the treatment. pH values and contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg increased significantly at the tilled depth whereas the content of exchangeable Al and easily soluble P decreased. The rate of mineralisation increased at this depth which was shown by a loss of Corg, Ntot and short-term loss of NO3-N. The treatment led to a mobilisation of Mn at the tilled depth. However, the content of exchangeable Pb decreased due to an increased pH value. Below the tillage depth of 35 cm only partly significant changes of exchangeable Mn and NO3-N were found. The total porosity and bulk density at 10–15 and 40–45 cm depths were not significantly different from those in the control plot, but the rate of infiltration increased significantly. 相似文献
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覆盖造林对旱地土壤水热变化及成活率的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用地膜和杂草覆盖造林,平均成活率比对照分别提高25%和9%;地膜规格以30 cm2为宜;杂草覆盖面积以60 cm2、厚10 cm2为好。侧柏覆膜造林的生长进程一直高于对照,3~4月生长较快,4~8月生长中庸,9月以后生长缓慢,10月初停止生长。不同土层含水量为:5 cm层平均提高了30.6%,10 cm提高了23.4%,15 cm提高了10.6%。不同土层温度的变化趋势为,5 cm层较对照提高了12.2%,10 cm层提高了8.7%,15 cm层提高了4.1%,30 cm层提高仅1%。 相似文献
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Distribution of ectomycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum with soil depth in a birch forest 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The distributions of ectomycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum with soil depth (0–45 cm) were determined in a 40-year-oldBetula platyphylla var.japonica forest. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fine roots were measured in each soil core sample that was collected at soil depths
of 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, 20–25, 30–35, and 40–45 cm. The ectomycorrhizas were mainly distributed (>50%) in the top soil
(0–5 cm) of organic forest floor horizons. Below 5 cm the quantity of ectomycorrhizas decreased sharply. The percentage of
fine roots which were ectomycorrhizal gradually declined with the depth of soil. The ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum was evaluated
by a bioassay method, measuring the lengths of the entire root system and of the ectomycorrhizal roots of birch seedlings
planted in each soil sample. The soil samples were collected from 0–5, 10–15, 20–25, 30–35, and 40–45 cm depths of the soil
profile. Ectomycorrhizal formation on birch seedling roots in the bioassay was high in both the soil depth intervals 0–5 cm
and 10–15 cm, while the amount was lower in the soil depth interval from 20–45 cm. The results of these investigations show
that the amount of the ectomycorrhizas in soil, and the ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum potential as determined by bioassay,
are not always consistent with each other. 相似文献
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选择章古台地区三块典型樟子松(Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolica)人工固沙林为研究对象,采用实验室好氧培养法测定了不同土壤层次和在不同水分条件下的N矿化过程。结果表明:土壤0-60cm层N净矿化速率垂直变化范围为1.06–7.52mg·kg-1·month-1;土壤层次和含水量及其交互作用对土壤N净矿化速率的影响均达到差异显著(P<0.05);净矿化速率随着土壤层次的加深而明显下降,0-15cm层占总净矿化量的60.52%;半饱和与饱和含水量处理差异不显著,但均高于不加水处理。为此,在半干旱地区必须进一步加强开展调控生态系统N矿化、循环及其收支平衡影响因素的研究。图1表4参20。 相似文献
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Spatial pattern of soil carbon and nutrient storage at the alpine tundra ecosystem of Changbai Mountain,China 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
气候变化对土壤碳和养分的影响越来越受到生态学家的关注,尤其是对高山冻原生态系统的影响。本研究目的是长白山高山冻原系统土壤碳和养分的空间异质性。结果表明:不同土层深度的土壤碳在Meadow alpine tundra vegetation (MA)中显著地高于其他植被类型(p<0.05);在每一植被类型中,表层(010 cm)碳含量显著地高于1020 cm的土层;土壤氮的分布格局是氮素在表层和1020 cm土层变化规律相似;不同土层深度的土壤磷在Lithic alpine tundra vegetation (LA) 中显著地低于其他植被类型(p<0.05);土壤钾浓度在Felsenmeer alpine tundra vegetation (FA) 和LA中显著地高于其他植被类型,但在每一植被类型中土壤钾浓度随土壤深度没有明显的变化;不同深度土壤硫在MA中显著地高度其他植被类型;对每一植被类型而言,C: N, C: P, C: K 和C: S随土壤深度增加而降低。除了在SA的表层外,表层的土壤C: N高于1020 cm的土层。在长白山高山冻原系统中,随植被类型的变化,土壤碳和养分储量有着显著的空间异质性。参29表3图1。 相似文献
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If growth of red ceiba, Bombacopsis Quinata (Jacq.) Dugand, is to be increased in plantations established on Vertisols, site preparation techniques must be identified to overcome the soil management difficulties of these soils. This research was conducted to identify specific site preparation techniques appropriate for Vertisols that increase survival and height growth of red ceiba. The effects of subsoiling within the row (prior to planting) to depths of 40 and 60 cm, subsoiling between the rows, and additions of organic mill waste on red ceiba survival and height growth, soil water content, bulk density, and penetrometer resistance were investigated. The soil was a very fine, montmorillonitic, isohyper-thermic Entic Chromustert. No difference in survival due to subsoiling was found, but the additions of mill waste significantly decreased survival after 1 year (94.7%) compared to the control subplot (98.7%). Height was increased by subsoiling to the 40-cm depth (92.3 cm) and to the 60-cm depth (97.4 cm) over no subsoiling (80.7 cm). Trees on the subplots receiving mill waste were significantly lower in height (83 cm) compared to the control subplots (93.1 cm) and the subsoiling between the planting rows subplots (94.2 cm). Survival was most highly correlated with bulk density at the 50-cm depth within the planting row (r=–0.44) and height with soil water content at the 30-cm depth within the planting row (r=–0.56). Subsoiling affected height more than survival. Subsoiling to 40 cm is the most cost-effective treatment. Mill waste addition did not improve height or survival, possibly due to harmful decomposition by-products. 相似文献
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为了解有机覆盖物对城市绿地土壤水分和温度的影响,文章选择城市公园绿地对地表分别进行了覆盖3cm、5cm有机覆盖物和未覆盖空白对照三种处理试验,研究了0~10cm、10~20cm、20~30cm和30~40cm不同土层的水分和温度变化。结果表明:(1)三种覆盖处理土壤含水量的季节变化趋势一致。土壤含水量在0~10cm波动最大,随着土壤深度的增加,这种波动表现得越来越弱。(2)覆盖3cm有机物处理在四个土壤层次均高于空白对照,而在10~20cm和20~30cm的增加量最多;覆盖5cm有机物处理只在0~10cm明显的高于空白对照。(3)不同覆盖处理的土壤温度的季节变化趋势一致。相对于空白对照,覆盖处理的土壤日温变化幅度要明显小于空白对照,其中覆盖3cm和5cm有机物的处理比对照区在炎热的夏季土壤温度分别降低了2.0℃和0.9℃,而在寒冷的冬季升高了0.9℃和1.4℃。同时,覆盖处理也减小了不同土层深度的温度变幅。
相似文献
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A rain shelter experiment was conducted in a 90‐year‐old Norway spruce stand, in the Kysucké Beskydy Mts (Slovakia). Three rain shelters were constructed in the stand to prevent the rainfall from reaching the soil and to reduce water availability in the rhizosphere. Fine root biomass and necromass were repeatedly measured throughout a growing season by soil coring. We established the quantities of fine root biomass (live) and necromass (dead) at soil depths of 0–5, 5–15, 15–25 and 25–35 cm. Significant differences in soil moisture contents between control and drought plots were found in the top 15 cm of soil after 20 weeks of rainfall manipulation (lasting from early June to late October). Our observations show that even relatively light drought decreased total fine root biomass from 272.0 to 242.8 g m?2 and increased the amount of necromass from 79.2 to 101.2 g m?2 in the top 35 cm of soil. Very fine roots (VFR), that is, those with diameter up to 1 mm, were more affected than total fine roots defined as 0–2 mm. The effect of reduced water availability was depth‐specific; as a result, we observed a modification of vertical distribution of fine roots. More roots in drought treatment were produced in the wetter soil horizons at 25–35 cm depth than at the surface. We conclude that fine and VFR systems of Norway spruce have the capacity to re‐allocate resources to roots at different depths in response to environmental signals, resulting in changes in necromass to biomass ratio. 相似文献
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深松插干造林在我国是一种较新的深栽造林作业方式，用于这种造林作业的植树机所能划开的松土沟深度是影响造林成活率的关键。在半干旱的科尔沁沙地腹部，对这种植树机的松土深度与牵引阻力的关系进行了实地测试。取得的数据表明，植树机的牵引阻力随松土深度增大而增大，所做的曲线为一近似直线。进而得出在科尔沁沙地的土壤条件下，使用国产的东方红履带式拖拉机作为植树机的牵引动力，其最大深松作业深度不大于80cm。 相似文献