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1.
饲粮中锰(Mn)的缺乏与过量对肉仔鸡性能的长期影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用1日龄AA肉用雏鸡120只(公母各半),分成3组,分别喂以含Mn 16ppm(缺Mn组)的玉米-豆饼型基础饲粮和含Mn 120ppm(对照组)及2840 ppm(Mn过量组)的补Mn饲粮8周。结果表明,与对照组比较,实用饲粮Mn缺乏降低鸡的体增重(P>0.05)和跖骨灰、肝、胰、心、脾、胆汁(P<0.01)及肌肉(P>0.05)中的Mn含量与心组织含Mn超氧化歧化酶(MnSOD)活性(P<0.01),显著提高腿病发生率和心含CuZn超氧化歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活性(P<0.01),单位增重的耗料量(F/G)有增加趋势(P>0.05);Mn过量降低鸡采食量和体增重(P<0.01),提高上述组织和胆汁中的Mn含量(P<0.01),单位增重的耗料量(F/G)也有增加趋势(P>0.05),而对腿病发生率与心MnSOD及CuZnSOD活性无进一步影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
2.
肉仔鸡实用饲粮中锰适宜水平的研究 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
用一日龄Arbor Acres雏鸡320只(1/2,1/2(?)),分成8组,分别喂以含锰(Mn)16ppm的玉米-豆饼基础饲粮和含Mn36、56、76、96、116、136和156ppm的添加Mn(试剂级MnSO_4·H_2O)饲粮28天,研究笼养肉仔鸡饲粮Mn的适宜水平。随饲粮Mn的提高,鸡体重在96ppm时增至最大(P>0.05),腿病发生率由57.5％(缺Mn基础组)逐渐降至10％以下(116ppm以上组);骨灰中Mn的含量呈线性上升(P<0.01),但肝、胰、肾、心、脾和肌肉中Mn的含量及心脏含Mn超氧化歧化酶(MnSOD)活性可与饲粮Mn含量拟合成相应的渐近线或二次曲线模式(P<0.01),当这些软组织Mn达到平衡和心MnSOD活性达最高时,计算所需的饲粮Mn分别为110、111、141、123、109、99和121ppm;肝和胰MnSOD无明显变化(P>0.05)。由上建议:AA肉仔鸡在0～4周龄饲粮中Mn含量以120ppm为宜,即为我国现行肉仔鸡Mn建议需要量60ppm的2倍。 相似文献
3.
中脚趾骨灰锰含量作为肉仔鸡锰生物学有效性评价指标的可行性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用一日龄Arbor Acres(AA)雏鸡80只(公母各半)进行试验,研究中脚趾骨灰Mn含量替代跖骨灰Mn含量作为肉仔鸡Mn生物学有效性评价指标的可行性。玉米一豆饼基础饲粮(含Mn 22ppm)分别添加无机Mn(试剂级MnSO_4·H_2O)0、50、100、150和200ppm,自由采食28天。随饲粮Mn的增加,中脚趾骨灰及跖骨灰中的Mn含量均高度线性上升(P<0.01),它们之间以及它们与饲粮Mn添加水平间的相关系数分别达0.9963、0.9713和0.9870,差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果提示,中脚趾骨灰Mn含量可满意地代替跖骨灰Mn含量而用于评价肉仔鸡Mn的生物学有效性。 相似文献
4.
实用饲粮锰缺乏对肉仔鸡组织含锰超氧化歧化酶活性及其线粒体超微结构的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
用1日龄Arbir Acres雏鸡64只(1/2,1/2♀),分成2组,分别喂以含锰(Mn)17ppm的缺Mn玉米-豆饼基础饲粮和含Mn137ppm的补Mn(试剂级MnSO_4·H_2O)饲粮28天。结果表明,实用饲粮Mn缺乏促使肝和心的Mn含量降低(P<0.01),心脏含Mn超氧化歧化酶(MnSOD)活性降低约26％(P<0.01),而对肝MnSOD无影响(P>0.05)。Nn缺乏导致心和肝线粒体超微结构异常,包括心线粒体萎缩退化、“分裂”趋势、肝线粒体的“融合”趋势、心肝线粒体的脊排列不规则和有的外膜丢失,且心和肝粗面内质网均明显扩张。Mn缺乏使鸡腿病发生率增加,血浆谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性和尿酸含量升高(P<0.01),肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)活性虽有增加趋势,但不显著(P<0.05)。鸡的生长性能无显著变化(P>0.05)。 相似文献
5.
微量元素锰对肉用仔鸡肝脏脂肪沉积的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用1日龄Arbor Acres(AA)雏鸡120只（公母各半），公成4组，分别喂以含锰18ppm的玉米-豆饼基础饲粮和含锰90、280及2840ppm的添加锰饲粮28天，研究饲粮锰水平对肉鸡肝脏脂肪沉积、肝锰含量以及生长和腿病发生率的影响。结果表明，随饲粮锰水平的提高，鸡体增重和采食量在90ppm锰时达最高（P＜0.05)，后于2840ppm锰时降至最低（P＜0.05或0.01),饲料效率无明显变化（P＞0.05)；腿病发生率由基础饲料组18ppm的57%逐渐降至2840ppm的10%；鸡肝脂肪沉积显著降低（P＜0.01)，280ppm时降至最低，2840ppm无进一步影响（P＞0.05)；肝锰含量明显线性上升（P＜0.01)。锰引起肉仔鸡肝脏脂肪代谢变化的生化机制，有待进一步研究。 相似文献
6.
日粮锰水平对肉仔鸭生长性能生理指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
用1日龄北京雏鸭120只分成6组,分别喂以含Mn20、50、100、150、300和2000mg/kg的玉米—豆粕型日粮30天,研究日粮Mn水平对肉仔鸭生长性能、生理指标的影响。结果显示鸭体增重在100mg/kg时达最大(P>0.05),到2000mg/kg时降至最低(P<0.05),采食量亦有类似趋势(P<0.05),但饲料报酬差异不显著(P>0.05);血浆葡萄糖浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性分别在300mg/kg和2000mg/kg时增至最大(P<0.01),血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、总胆固醇浓度和血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性差异不显著(P>0.05);胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏重量及血清HI抗体滴度亦无显著变化(P>0.05);肝、胰和跖骨灰分Mn含量呈线性上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中以跖骨灰分Mn含量变化最明显。 相似文献
7.
雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用玉米-豆饼型饲粮(含Mn19ppm),对210只1日龄北京雏鸭进行补锰试验,试验分7组,锰添加水平(试剂级MnSO_4·H_2O)按1～7组顺序依次为0,20,45,60,85,110,135ppm,试验期3周,研究雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平。结果为,饲粮锰水平不影响雏鸭体增重,日采食量和饲料转化率(P>0.05);胫骨锰浓度随饲粮锰水平增加呈线性上升(P<0.01);肝、肾、胰、心组织锰浓度和肝脏含锰的SOD酶活性可与饲粮锰水平拟合为相应的二次曲线模式(P<0.001),上述软组织锰浓度和肝SOD酶活性达到平衡时,所需饲粮锰依次为110.05,100.00,122.91,113.99和116.00ppm。综合试验结果考虑,雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平为110ppm。 相似文献
8.
饲粮锰对蛋鸡组织锰含量及其生长发育和生产性能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验研究了饲粮不同锰水平对蛋鸡组织器官中锰含量及其生长发育、产蛋性能和孵化效果的影响。结果表明:羽毛、消化道、肝脏、胫骨和肾脏中的锰量都随饲粮锰的提高而显著增加(P<0.01)。当雏鸡饲粮锰含量在13.5ppm时,锰在体内沉积出现负平衡,雏鸡脱腱症出现率为5.21％。产蛋鸡第1组(17.8ppm Mn)的产蛋率低于其它五组(P<0.01),饲粮低锰使破蛋率和软蛋率显著升高(P<0.01),第3组(73.8ppm Mn)破蛋率最低,第5组(153.8ppm Mn)软蛋率最低。其次,饲粮高锰和低锰都使蛋壳厚度和强度降低(P<0.01),同时也降低受精率(P>0.05)。受精蛋孵化率以第3组(73.8ppm Mn)最高(P<0.01),并可有效地防止雏鸡脱腱症的发生。作者建议,产蛋前期母鸡饲粮含锰在73.8——153.8ppm为佳;种鸡则为73.8——113.8ppm;而在蛋鸡生长发育阶段,饲粮含锰不得低于33.5ppm。 相似文献
9.
10.
饲粮锌和钙水平对产蛋鸡生产性能、血液生化指标和组织中锌含量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
试验在玉米-豆饼型基础饲粮中(含锌29.2ppm)添加不同水平锌和钙研究了饲粮锌和钙水平对蛋用型鸡产蛋期生产性能、血液生化指标和组织中锌含量的影响。结果表明:1.仅喂未加锌的基础饲粮的试验鸡开产晚(P<0.05),产蛋率低(P<0.05)、蛋重小(P<0.05)、产蛋量少(P<0.01)、饲料利用效率差(P<0.01)、破壳率高(P<0.01)。饲粮加锌1000ppm与加锌40ppm对照相比,生产性能无显著差异。饲粮高钙对产蛋鸡生产性能无不良影响。2.血清碱性磷酸酶活性随饲粮加锌水平的提高而显著提高(P<0.01),但不受饲粮钙水平显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮加锌1000ppm使血清总蛋白含量(P<0.01)、血清白蛋白和球蛋白含量(P<0.05)显著降低。饲粮高钙使血清总蛋白含量(P<0.01)和白蛋白含量(P<0.05)显著降低,而球蛋白含量不受影响(P>0.05)。3.随饲粮加锌水平的提高,肝脏(P<0.01)、胰脏(P<0.01)和胫骨(P<0.01)中锌含量大幅度升高;血液(P<0.01)、肾脏(P<0.01)和肺脏(P<0.05)中锌含量升高幅度较小;而输卵管(P>0.05)、心脏(P>0.05)和肌肉(P>0.05)中锌含量无显著变化。饲粮高钙使肝脏(P<0.05)和肌肉(P<0.01)中锌含量显著降低,对其它器官无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
11.
饲粮纤维和不同化合锌对雏鸡生长性能 血液生化指标和组织中锌浓度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验在低和高水平纤维的基础饲粮中添加不同化合锌(1.基础对照;2.氧化锌;3.硫酸锌;4.氯化锌;5.硝酸锌;6.乙酸锌;7.葡萄糖酸锌),结果表明,1.高纤维使采食量(P<0.01),体增重(P<0.01)和饲料效率(P<0.05)显著提高;体增重在不同锌源之间比较有显著差异(P<0.05),低纤维时硫酸锌组最高,高纤维时乙酸锌组最高。2.高纤维使血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量降低(P<0.01),不同锌源对血清碱性磷酸酶活性有显著影响(P<0.01),但在低纤维时葡萄糖酸锌影响最大,在高纤维时硫酸锌影响最大(互作显著,P<0.05)。添加锌使血清球蛋白含量显著低于未加锌对照(P<0.05)。3.高纤维使加锌鸡肝脏、胰脏和胫骨中锌浓度明显降低(P<0.01)。加锌使组织中锌浓度显著提高,但在低纤维时,乙酸锌提高得最明显,在高纤维时硝酸锌(肝脏和胰脏)和氯化锌(腔骨)提高得最明显。 相似文献
12.
为研究不同锰源与锰水平对肉仔鸡的生产性能与组织矿物元素沉积的影响,试验采用2×5完全随机试验设计,在玉米—豆粕型基础日粮(锰含量为37.66mg/kg)中添加0、45、90、130、180mg/kg(5个锰添加水平)的复合氨基酸锰和硫酸锰(2种锰源),构成10个日粮处理组,将540只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10个处理组,开展肉仔鸡饲养试验(共42d)。于35日龄时测定其生产性能指标,计算料肉比;于42日龄时测定其胫骨、肝脏、肾脏组织中铜、铁、锌浓度以及胫骨灰分、钙及磷含量。结果表明,在上述日粮中,锰添加量在45~130mg/kg时,无论是添加复合氨基酸锰组还是添加硫酸锰组35日龄肉仔鸡体重和采食量较未添加组差异显著(P≤0.05),经分析,锰水平对其平均体重及采食量有极显著影响(P<0.01);不同锰源的35日龄肉仔鸡体重、采食量、料肉比差异不显著(P >0.05)。42日龄肉仔鸡胫骨、肝脏、肾脏组织中铜、锌、铁含量及胫骨灰分、钙磷含量未受锰源和锰水平及两者互作的显著影响(P >0.05)。由以上结果可以得出,锰水平对肉仔鸡生长性能有极显著影响(P<0.01);锰源对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响(P >0.05);锰源和锰水平及两者互作对肉仔鸡组织矿物元素沉积无显著影响(P >0.05)。 相似文献
13.
Alip Kumar Abdolreza Hosseindoust MinJu Kim KwangYeol Kim YoHan Choi SeokHee Lee SongYi Lee JunHyung Lee HyunJong Cho Wei Soo Kang ByungJo Chae 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(1):21
The effects of dietary supplementation of zinc (Zn) sources and concentrations were investigated on growth performance, absorption into tissues, fecal excretion, nutrient retention, and intestinal morphology in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 525 one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were assigned based on body weight to seven dietary treatments. There were five replicate pens for each treatment and 15 broilers per replicate pen. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control, without supplementing Zn), and basal diet supplemented with Zn, as inorganic zinc sulfate (ZnS; 110 mg/kg); organic Zn-methionine (ZnM; 110 mg/kg); hot-melt extruded (HME) 25 zinc sulfate (27.5 mg/kg); HME50 zinc sulfate (55 mg/kg); HME75 zinc sulfate (82.5 mg/kg); or HME100 zinc sulfate (110 mg/kg) for 35 days in two phases (d 1–21, phase I and d 22–35, phase II). Bodyweight and feed efficiency of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with increasing dietary concentrations of HME-Zn improved linearly during the study period (P<0.05). Compared to the control treatment, the ZnS, ZnM, and HME diets increased Zn concentrations in the serum and liver. Inorganic ZnS supply resulted in the highest Zn concentration in excreta. Increasing supplemented Zn content in diets as HME linearly increased Zn concentration in the excreta, serum, liver, and tibia. Broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with increasing concentrations of HME increased villus height (VH; linear and quadratic) of the jejunum and VH of the ileum (linear). Increasing concentrations of dietary Zn supplied as HME resulted in linearly enhanced dry matter, gross energy, and nitrogen retention of broilers on day 21. These results suggest that dietary HME-Zn at a lower level (55 ppm) shows the same growth performance as common ZnSO4 at 110 ppm. 相似文献
14.
壳聚糖铁对仔猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选24头体重相近、日龄相同的健康仔猪随机分为6组:1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2组为壳聚糖组,在基础日粮中添加壳聚糖300 mg/kg;3组为硫酸亚铁组,以硫酸亚铁的形式在基础日粮中添加铁100 mg/kg;4~6组为壳聚糖铁组,以壳聚糖铁的形式分别在基础日粮中添加铁70 mg/kg、100 mg/kg和130 mg/kg,研究壳聚糖铁对仔猪生产性能及免疫功能的影响。结果显示:3~6组仔猪平均日增重显著高于第1组、第2组(P<0.05);第6组仔猪料重比显著低于第1组(P<0.05)。试验至15 d,第5、第6组仔猪外周淋巴细胞转化率显著高于第1~4组(P<0.05或P<0.01);第4组、第5组仔猪血清球蛋白含量显著高于第1组和第3组(P<0.05)。试验至30 d,第6组仔猪外周淋巴细胞转化率显著高于第1、第2组(P<0.05或P<0.01);第3~5组显著高于第1组(P<0.05)。试验至45 d和60 d,第5组、第6组仔猪外周淋巴细胞转化率显著高于第1~3组(P<0.05)。试验至45 d,第5组和第6组仔猪血清球蛋白含量显著高于第1组和第2组(P<0.05)。试验至60 d,第4~6组仔猪血清球蛋白含量显著高于第1组和第3组(P<0.05)。试验表明,壳聚糖铁能显著提高仔猪的生产性能,与硫酸亚铁基本一致;壳聚糖铁能增强仔猪免疫功能,效果要显著优于硫酸亚铁。 相似文献
15.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(2):127-134
A study was carried out to investigate the replacement effect of vitamin E with grape polyphenols (GPP) on antioxidant status, immune response, and organs histopathology in broilers from 1- to 35-d age. One-day-old Hubbard broiler chicks (n = 280) were randomly divided into 28 study units of 10 chicks each. A starter control diet was formulated having 22.5% CP, 3,200 kcal/kg ME, and 100 ppm vitamin E50 [50 IU DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (CON)]. Other dietary treatments were obtained by replacing vitamin E on wt:wt ratio, with 25 [low GPP (LGPP)], 50 [medium GPP (MGPP)], and 75 ppm [high GPP (HGPP)] GPP. Likewise, a control finisher diet (20% CP and 3,200 kcal/kg ME) and LGPP, MGPP, and HGPP diets were formulated having the same proportions of GPP and vitamin E as in the respective starter diets. Each dietary treatment was randomly assigned to 7 replicate pens. As a result of this study, by increasing GPP level in place of vitamin E, total phenolic contents in breast and leg muscles increased linearly (P< 0.05) whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substances decreased quadratically with MGPP showing the lowest value (P< 0.05). Antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus were higher (P< 0.05) in broilers fed the LGPP and HGPP diets than in those fed the control diet. Antibody titers against infectious bursal disease virus were higher (P< 0.05) in broilers fed the HGPP diet than in all of the remaining dietary treatment groups. Histopathological examination of kidney and liver tissues showed no changes in birds fed LGPP and MGPP diets; however, mild effects were observed in some birds fed HGPP diet. Replacement of vitamin E with GPP resulted in lower cost per kg broiler feed. In conclusion, replacement of 75 ppm vitamin E with GPP improved antioxidant status and immune response of broilers at lower feed cost without any significant effect on histopathology of organs. 相似文献
16.
饲粮添加共轭亚油酸对肉仔鸡肠道黏膜免疫反应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)对肉仔鸡肠道黏膜免疫反应的影响。试验选用72只1日龄健康、体重相近的爱拔益加(AA)雄性肉仔鸡,随机分配到对照组和CLA组,分别饲喂基础饲粮和在基础饲粮中添加1%CLA的饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。21日龄屠宰取样。结果表明:CLA组肉仔鸡空肠食糜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(secretory immunoglobulin A,SIgA)含量(P<0.01)和空肠SIgA基因mRNA表达水平(P<0.01)均高于对照组;饲粮添加CLA显著提高肉仔鸡空肠过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因mRNA表达水平(P<0.01),但转化生长因子β4(transforming growth factor-β4,TGFβ4)基因mRNA表达水平在2组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05);CLA组肉仔鸡Peyer氏结CD8+T细胞亚群百分数(P<0.01)和淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05)均显著高于对照组。由此可见,饲粮添加1%CLA提高了21日龄肉仔鸡空肠SIgA水平,激活PPARγ可能是CLA调节SIgA表达的途径之一。饲粮添加1%CLA影响21日龄肉仔鸡空肠黏膜细胞免疫功能。 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of adding rice husk powder on the growth performance, body size traits, development of internal organs and economic benefits of young turkey. 180 young turkeys with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with each group having 5 replicates, each replicate of 10 birds. The control group was fed with basal diet, the experimental group was fed with basal diet added rice husk powder. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. The results showed that there was no significant difference in avarage daily feed intake (ADFI) between control group and experimental group (P>0.05).Compared with control group, the body weight and avarage daily weight gain (ADG) of the birds in experimental group increased extremely significantly (P<0.01), while the ratio of feed intake and daily weight gain (F/G) decreased extremely significantly (P<0.01); The heart weight of the birds tended to increase (P=0.09), whereas the proventriculus weight significantly increased (P<0.05), and the gizzard weight extremely significantly increased (P<0.01) in experimental group. There were no significant differences in body size traits, organ index, intestinal weight and length of the birds between control group and experimental group (P>0.05). The economic benefit of each bird in experimental group at 56 days of age was increased by 39.4% compared with control group (P<0.05). In summary, adding rice husk powder in young turkey's diets could improve the growth performance and the economic benefits of turkey. 相似文献
18.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inorganic phosphorus source and phytase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. In Exp. 1, 150 two-day old, male broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with phosphorus provided by dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate or defluorinated rock phosphate. Five cages containing 10 birds were allotted to each of the three treatments. In Exp. 2, 120 three-day old, male broiler chicks were fed the basal diet from Exp. 1 supplemented with 0, 250, 500, or 1,000 FTU phytase per kg of diet. Six cages containing five chicks were allotted to each of the four treatments. In Exp. 1, there was no difference in weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion as a result of feeding the different sources of inorganic phosphorus. The digestibility of phosphorus was significantly lower (P = 0.01) for chicks fed diets supplemented with tricalcium phosphate than for chicks fed the other two diets. However, despite the lower digestibility, serum phosphorus levels did not differ among the three treatments. For Exp. 2, feed conversion showed a linear improvement (P = 0.03) with increasing levels of phytase inclusion (days 0 to 33). Phytase supplementation resulted in linear increases in the digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.02), crude protein (P = 0.04) and energy (P < 0.01). Chicks fed 1,000 FTU/kg phytase had significantly higher bone calcium (P = 0.05) and bone breaking strength (P = 0.04) than chicks fed the basal diet on day 33. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that the performance of birds fed diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate or defluorinated phosphate was similar and therefore production costs could be lowered by choosing the cheapest inorganic phosphorus source when formulating diets for poultry. When diets were formulated to meet dietary phosphorus requirements, the growth of broilers was not enhanced with phytase supplementation. However, increases in feed conversion and bone breaking strength and its potential to impact culling and mortality in broiler operations may be sufficient justification for the routine inclusion of phytase in diets fed to broilers. 相似文献