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1.
本试验旨在研究黄芩苷的促孕保胎作用及其对母胎界面细胞因子的影响。取怀孕小鼠分成5组,除对照组外,其它4组于孕5-7天皮下注射溴隐亭建立流产模型,孕1-7天分别灌服蒸馏水、0.1、0.51、mg黄芩苷。孕3、5、7、10、12天采样,计算流产率,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清及子宫匀浆中干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-10(IL-10)、孕酮的含量。结果孕12天时1 mg黄芩苷组流产率降低,接近对照组,与模型组均有显著差异。孕5天各组血清和子宫匀浆中IFN-γ含量显著上升,其中1 mg黄芩苷组最高。孕酮含量随孕期延长而提高,以0.5和1 mg黄芩苷组最高。表明黄芩苷可剂量依赖性上调孕酮的含量,促进着床期IFN-γ分泌,胚泡附植后又降低IFN-γ的含量,调节着床和妊娠期Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡,影响内分泌-免疫网络,有利于胚胎着床和妊娠维持。  相似文献   

2.
为了探讨保胎中药当归对流产小鼠的保胎效果,及当归对妊娠小鼠子宫局部细胞免疫的影响,试验将小鼠通过自然交配发生妊娠,将怀孕小鼠随机分为3组,每组10只,其中两组使用米非司酮(RU486)诱导小鼠流产,制作试验小鼠流产模型,即空白对照组(A组)小鼠于孕第1～7天,每天灌服纯化水,0.5 mL/只,在孕第7天,经颈部皮下注射丙二醇0.1 mL/只;流产模型组(B组)小鼠于孕第1～7天每天灌服纯化水,0.5 mL/只,在孕第7天,经颈部皮下注射RU486,0.1 mL(0.025 mg)/只;当归治疗组(C组)小鼠于孕第1～7天每天灌服当归水煎剂,0.5 mL(相当于0.5 g生药)/只,在孕第7天,经颈部皮下注射RU486,0.1 mL/只。通过统计流产小鼠胚胎丢失比例,评价中药的保胎效果;采用流式细胞技术检测流产与成功妊娠小鼠子宫组织中Th17细胞、Treg细胞及比例,并测定小鼠子宫组织中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)及转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的含量。结果表明：RU486造模后,C组小鼠流产率下降至40%,胚胎吸收率减少至34.92%,子宫组织中Th17细...  相似文献   

3.
NO在小鼠早期胚胎吸收过程中的作用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
给妊娠 7d小鼠尾静脉注射细菌脂多糖 (L PS)诱导早期胚胎吸收。注射 L PS后 12、2 4、36 h,以 EL ISA、比色法检测血清和子宫匀浆中 Th1型细胞因子 IFN- γ、IL- 12与 NO的含量变化 ;免疫组织化学法观察 3种一氧化氮合酶(n NOS,e NOS,i NOS)和 Th2型细胞在小鼠子宫表达的变化。此外 ,还观察了 NO供体硝普钠 (SNP)诱导孕鼠流产效果及氨基胍 (AG)对抗 L PS诱导孕鼠流产的效果。结果显示 ,相对于正常妊娠组 ,L PS处理组孕鼠子宫匀浆 NO含量及 IFN- γ、IL- 12水平极显著升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,血清 NO含量也极显著升高 (P<0 .0 1) ;n NOS、i NOS在 L PS处理组小鼠子宫可见阳性标记 ,而 e NOS未见阳性标记 ;大量 Th2型阳性细胞标记仅在正常妊娠组小鼠子宫内膜基质可见 ,L PS处理组未见阳性细胞。腹腔注射 SNP致使孕鼠早期胚胎吸收 ,然而妊娠 6～ 9d腹腔注射 AG却未能降低 L PS诱导的孕鼠早期胚胎吸收。上述结果提示 ,L PS处理后 ,Th1型免疫反应增强 ;源自升高表达的 i NOS的子宫局部高浓度 NO可能作为一种效应分子介导小鼠早期胚胎吸收。  相似文献   

4.
试验旨在探究玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEA)对妊娠小鼠的毒性损伤及3种中药的缓解作用。将60只8周龄昆明孕鼠随机分为5组,每组12只(设3个重复,每个重复4只)。A组为空白对照组,孕鼠妊娠1～10 d上、下午各灌胃蒸馏水0.2 mL;B组为ZEA组,孕鼠妊娠1～10 d上午灌胃5 mg/kg ZEA,下午灌胃蒸馏水0.2 mL;C、D、E组分别为番茄红素+ZEA组、菟丝子黄酮+ZEA组、泰山磐石散+ZEA组,1～10 d上午灌胃5 mg/kg ZEA,下午分别灌胃20 mg/kg番茄红素、10 mg/kg菟丝子黄酮、1 g/mL泰山磐石散,每次灌胃量均为0.2 mL。母鼠妊娠第11天剖杀,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和孕酮(P)水平;取孕鼠子宫,显微镜观察ZEA对子宫形态结构的影响;ELISA检测子宫组织匀浆E2、FSH、LH和P的含量;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法测定子宫组织匀浆细胞凋亡相关因子mRNA表达量。结果显示,ZEA导致子宫组织结构损伤、水肿...  相似文献   

5.
为研究小鼠弓形虫病病状及卵巢功能的变化,将雌性小鼠随机地分为实验组与对照组,每组各30例.实验组雌性小鼠感染弓形虫,观察其临床症状及体温变化.体温升高并出现稽留热.在感染弓形虫后第45、90d的发情间期采血,对照组也在相同的时间采血.采用放射性免疫方法,测定血清中的雌二醇含量,并于两次采血后将两组小鼠剖检.结果4-5d时实验组与对照组小鼠血清雌二醇含量分别为12.29 ±4.39pg/mL与10.56±8.34pg/mL,90d时实验组与对照组小鼠血清雌二醇含量分别为7.76±3.67pg/mL与10.23±4.85pg/mL;实验组90d血清雌二醇水平降低,与实验组45d时及对照组45d时比较,差异均有显著性.弓形虫感染的小鼠主要脏器严重受损,肠淋巴结可见大量的巨噬细胞.脑组织可见慢性炎症改变及弓形虫包囊体,卵巢呈炎性变化.结论：弓形虫感染引起轻度临床症状和严重病理变化,导致小鼠卵巢功能下降.  相似文献   

6.
为了研究THl细胞因子TNF -α(肿瘤坏死因子 )在流产发生机制中的意义 ,探讨中药黄苓白术的安胎作用及机理 ,本试验用细菌脂多糖 (LPS)尾静脉注射 (每鼠 0 1μg) ,诱导昆明小鼠流产 ,ELISA方法测定子宫匀浆中TNF -α的含量。发现LPS诱导流产的小鼠 ,子宫内TNF -α显著升高。预先口服保胎中药黄芩白术 ,则显著抑制LPS的作用 ,使母鼠胚胎吸收率降低 ,子宫内TNF -α含量也显著降低。这些结果表明 ,LPS诱导流产与子宫内TNF -α升高有关。保胎中药黄芩白术有抑制母体子宫与胎儿界面THl细胞因子TNF -α分泌的作用  相似文献   

7.
为了研究细胞因子对小尾寒羊胎盘成熟的影响 ,本实验采用液相竞争法和平衡法 ,对小尾寒羊空怀期 (n=5 )和妊娠期 (n=13)第 85天、10 5天、12 5天、14 0天和 15 0天 (足月 )时的血清白细胞介素 - 1β(IL - 1β)、白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的含量分别进行检测。结果表明 ,IL - 1β和 IL - 6含量在 12 5天时与对照组间差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ,TNF含量在各时期与对照组差异均显著 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 )。随着妊娠过程的进展 ,三种细胞因子含量逐渐增加 ,12 5天时达到最高值 ,分别为 0 .390± 0 .196 ng/ ml,5 79.8± 15 2 .8pg/ ml和 2 .348± 0 .396 ng/ ml。而后逐渐下降 ,到足月前略有回升 ,但仍低于 12 5天时的最高值。由此看出小尾寒羊在妊娠期间 ,细胞因子与妊娠之间有着密切的关系 ,前者对于维持妊娠起到重要作用。由于 14 0天至足月3种细胞因子基本稳定 ,这表明胎盘于 14 0天左右达到成熟 ,IL- 1β和 IL- 6与启动分娩有关 ,而 TNF可能参与小尾寒羊分娩的启动。  相似文献   

8.
本研究分2大项进行。第1项研究激光照射对不孕奶牛内啡肽含量和发情的影响,第2项研究激光照射对不孕奶牛cAPM、cGMP含量及淋转值的影响。 ①选因患子宫炎或卵巢静止而不孕的黑白花奶牛34头,随机分成2组。试验组(24头)用氦氖激光照射交巢穴,7天为一疗程,间歇7天再照第2个疗程。对照组(10头)不用激光照射。RIA法分析牛血浆β-内啡肽含量。结果发现,试验组病牛(n=24)血浆β-内啡肽含量由照射前的112.864±58.947pg/ml升高到第1疗程后的175.634±104.310pg/ml(P<0.05),间歇1周后为237.627±153.136pg/ml(P<0.01)。第2疗程后为193.448±104·378pg/ml(P<0.05)。激光照射后3次测定值显著高于对照组同期测定值。对照组4次测定结果分别为:103.787±28.360,103.673±32.283,116.594±39.528,118.517±36.933pg/ml。同时观察到试验组发情牛头数为21头,发情率为87.5％,对照组发情3头,发情率30％,两组间差异极显著。试验结果表明,激光照射穴位可使病牛内啡肽含量增多,并参与调节生殖机能。 ②用氦氖激光照射交巢穴治疗不孕奶牛16头,对照组10头,激光照射方法基本同前述。在每个疗程前后1天,第2疗程后10天经颈静脉采血,用全血培养~3HTdR掺入法,蛋白结合法及RIA法,分析淋转刺激指数、血浆cAMP、cGMP含量变化。测得淋转  相似文献   

9.
为准确判断孕鼠妊娠日期及给药后流产数和探究莫沙必利对小鼠的妊娠安全性及相关作用机制,将99只小鼠按雌雄比2∶1随机分组进行妊娠造模,根据母鼠体重、外形及阴部变化情况综合判断小鼠妊娠日期,造模成功后将部分妊娠13 d小鼠分为空白对照组、米非司酮加米索前列醇阳性对照组、莫沙必利组,给药后观察整体子宫、胎儿及胎盘发育情况判断莫沙必利对妊娠后期小鼠流产率的影响;将剩余造模成功小鼠随机分为空白对照组、米非司酮加米索前列醇阳性对照组、莫沙必利组,并于妊娠15 d给药后采血,测定血清中缩宫素、孕酮、雌激素、前列腺素含量。结果显示：合笼30 d内共怀孕小鼠60只,其中56只可准确判断其妊娠日期并用于后续试验,占总试验母鼠的84.84%;给药后莫沙必利组胚胎均正常发育,阳性组流产率为100%,空白组流产率为1.79%;激素测定试验中莫沙必利组各项数据与空白组差异均不显著,与阳性对照组相比,血清雌激素,孕酮,前列腺素含量差异极显著。结果表明：试验中所建立的判断小鼠妊娠日期及流产数的方法准确度高且操作简便;初步认为莫沙必利对妊娠后期小鼠的胚胎发育无影响;莫沙必利对部分潜在致孕鼠子宫收缩而造成流产的性激素分泌无影响。  相似文献   

10.
不同黄芩成分对孕鼠免疫功能的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
怀孕5～7d小鼠皮下注射0．075mg溴隐亭建立流产模型，于怀孕1～7d分别灌服蒸馏水、黄芩煎剂、黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素，至怀孕10d宰杀。结果显示，血清中IFN-γ含量，以黄芩煎剂组为最低，子宫匀浆中IFN-γ含量，以黄芩苷组为最低，与对照组比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）；孕酮含量在血清及子宫匀浆中均以黄芩苷组为最高，与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05），各组间IL-10含量差异不显著。这一结果表明，黄芩成分对母体免疫功能有一定调节作用，其中黄芩苷可降低Th1型细胞因子含量，提高孕酮的含量，具有一定的保胎作用。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

13.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

15.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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16.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.  相似文献   

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